MIMO雷达的目标检测与波达方向估计研究
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摘要
近年来,随着雷达和多输入多输出(Multi-input multi-output,MIMO)通信技术的快速发展,雷达与MIMO通信交融建立起来的MIMO雷达受到人们的广泛关注。目前的MIMO雷达研究主要集中在统计MIMO雷达(Statistical MIMO,SMIMO)和相干MIMO雷达(Colocated MIMO,CMIMO)这两种不同形式的MIMO系统:SMIMO雷达收发单元间距足够大,以此获得空间分集提高雷达性能;CMIMO雷达则是在传统相控阵雷达的基础上引入发射波形分集的思想,通过形成虚拟孔径提高雷达性能。
与传统雷达相比,MIMO雷达在目标检测、参数估计、机动目标跟踪、以及目标识别与分类等应用领域都具有显著的性能优势。本文根据MIMO雷达的研究进展,在前人工作的基础上,主要对MIMO雷达的目标检测和波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计几个问题进行了研究和探讨。在目标检测方面,研究了机载SMIMO雷达在未知统计特性干扰(由空时二维杂波和热噪声构成)背景下,基于自适应匹配滤波(Adaptive Matched Filter,AMF)和基于图像特征的目标检测技术,并探讨了空间分集特性对检测性能的改善。在DOA估计方面,首先研究了两类MIMO雷达在对称α稳定(Symmetricα-Stable,SαS)冲击杂波背景下的DOA估计算法,并探讨了SMIMO雷达的空间分集特性和CMIMO雷达的虚拟孔径特性对各自DOA估计性能的改善;然后研究了CMIMO雷达对相干分布式目标(Coherently distributed targets,CDT)DOA估计的克拉美-罗下限(Cramer-Rao bounds,CRB)。
本文的主要工作和贡献总结如下:
1基于AMF的机载SMIMO雷达目标检测技术
(1)针对机载SMIMO雷达在未知统计特性的空时二维干扰中目标检测问题,本文将单基地雷达的AMF检测器推广到机载SMIMO雷达。首先研究了SMIMO-AMF检测器,推导出其检测概率和虚警概率的闭合表达式。然后,基于机载SMIMO雷达干扰协方差矩阵的块对角特性,推导出一种简化SMIMO-AMF检测器,大大减小算法的复杂度;并在两个接收通道的情形下,推导出简化SMIMO-AMF检测器检测概率和虚警概率的表达式。研究结果表明,SMIMO-AMF检测器和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器相对于干扰协方差矩阵都具有恒虚警特性,并且这两种检测器能够利用SMIMO雷达的空间分集特性,在未知统计特性的空时干扰背景下有效检测目标。
(2)SMIMO-AMF检测器和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器都需要对干扰协方差矩阵估计值求逆,在独立同分布(Independent and Identically Distributed,ⅡD)参考单元数据不足时会引起估计协方差矩阵的病态,从而使检测性能急剧下降。针对该问题,本文将对角加载技术应用到SMIMO-AMF检测器和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器中,研究了相应的对角加载检测器(SMIMO-LAMF检测器和简化SMIMO-LAMF检测器),并对它们的检测性能进行了理论分析。研究结果表明,SMIMO-LAMF检测器和简化SMIMO-LAMF检测器利用对角加载技术有效改善了估计协方差矩阵的数值特性,从而解决了因参考数据不足所引起的矩阵病态问题;同时这两种检测器相对于干扰协方差矩阵都具有恒虚警特性,并且能利用空间分集改善目标检测性能。
2基于图像特征的机载SMIMO雷达目标检测技术
对角加载技术能够改善干扰协方差矩阵估计值的数值特性,从而提高SMIMO-AMF和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器的鲁棒性。然而,对角加载技术并不能从本质上减小干扰协方差矩阵估计所需ⅡD参考单元的数量。本文将基于图像特征的空时处理技术(Image Feature Space-Time Processing,IFSTP)推广到机载SMIMO雷达中,研究了一种新的基于图像特征的SMIMO雷达检测器(SMIMO-IFSTP)。该检测器能有效利用机载SMIMO雷达的空间分集减小目标RCS起伏特性和小径向速度对检测性能的影响,并基于目标信号与干扰信号之间不同的图像特征,无需估计干扰协方差矩阵即可有效检测地面动目标。
3 SαS冲击杂波下两类MIMO雷达的DOA估计算法
近年来,大量实验数据表明雷达接收到的杂波信号具有一定的冲击性,适用于SαS分布过程来表示。由于SαS冲击杂波不存在二阶及以上矩,因此传统基于二阶及以上统计量的DOA估计算法不能直接用于SαS冲击杂波下MIMO雷达的DOA估计。针对这一问题,本文利用分数低阶统计量和无穷范数归一化的思想,对MIMO雷达接收数据进行预处理,获取有界统计量,然后应用传统DOA估计方法实现目标的DOA估计。
(1)在SαS冲击杂波背景下SMIMO雷达的研究方面,首先分别采用分数低阶统计量和无穷范数归一化的思想对接收数据进行预处理,然后将传统Capon算法拓展到SMIMO雷达中进行DOA估计。基于分数低阶预处理的Capon算法在杂波特征指数已知或正确估计的条件下,首先对接收数据进行预处理获得有界的分数低阶协方差矩阵,然后在保证期望方向增益不变的条件下,使SMIMO雷达接收阵列分数低阶功率最小,实现DOA估计。基于无穷范数归一化的Capon算法无需杂波特征指数的先验信息,该方法首先将SαS冲击杂波转化为零均值、有限方差的杂波,继而采用传统Capon算法进行DOA估计。结果表明通过对数据进行预处理能较大改善SMIMO雷达在SαS冲击杂波背景下的DOA估计性能,同时SMIMO雷达的空间分集特性也可显著提高DOA估计的精度。
(2)在业已开展的CMIMO雷达的DOA估计研究中,通常假设整个虚拟阵元间的间距不大于半波长,并且假设杂波服从高斯分布。当阵元间距大于半波长时,会产生DOA估计的模糊问题。针对这些问题,本文给出了一种SαS冲击杂波下,高精度无模糊的DOA估计算法。该方法基于发射天线间距等于半个波长、接收天线间距稀疏的CMIMO雷达天线配置结构,首先采用无穷范数归一化对接收数据进行预处理;然后对于预处理数据,基于PM(Propagator Method),利用CMIMO雷达虚拟孔径中半波长的空间旋转不变性获得一组低精度无模糊的DOA估计值,利用大于半波长的空间旋转不变性获得一组高精度模糊的DOA估计值:最后用无模糊估计值解模糊估计值得到最终的DOA估计值。该方法无需谱峰搜索和对预处理数据的协方差矩阵进行特征分解,具有较小的运算量。
4 CMIMO雷达对CDT目标DOA估计的CRB研究
这一部分研究了CMIMO雷达在高斯白噪声下对CDT目标DOA估计的CRB,揭示出CMIMO雷达的CDT目标DOA估计性能。首先,推导了CDT目标DOA估计CRB的一般关系式;然后,给出一个CDT目标和CDT目标部分信息已知等特殊情况下的CRB;最后,分析了CMIMO雷达对一个CDT目标DOA估计CRB的性质。研究结果表明CMIMO雷达对CDT目标DOA估计的CRB性能优于传统相控阵雷达,并且CMIMO雷达CDT目标DOA估计的CRB的性能低于对点目标的估计性能。
With the recent development in radar and multi-input multi-output(MIMO) communication techniques,MIMO radar has received vibrant attentions for radar engineers.The MIMO radars can be grouped into two classes:statistical MIMO(SMIMO) radar and co-located MIMO(CMIMO) radar.SMIMO radar is one with its transmitting and/or receiving elements separated far away from each other to achieve spatial diversity gain,while CMIMO radar applies waveform diversity to traditional phased array to form virtual aperture.
In comparison with traditional radars,MIMO radars show performance advantages in target detection,parameter estimation,maneuvering target tracking,target identification and classification.On the basis of previous advances in MIMO radars,this dissertation investigates target detection and direction of arrival estimation(DOA) for MIMO radars.In the target detection,adaptive matched filter(AMF) based and image feature based target detection techniques are studied for airborne SMIMO radar in the presence of interference (including clutter and noise) with unknown statistical properties.Also disscussed here is the performance improvement by exploiting spatial diversity in SMIMO radar.In the DOA estimation studies,traditional DOA estimators are extended to SMIMO and CMIMO radars under symmetricα-stable(SαS) impulsive clutter environments.Performance improvements achieved by exploiting the inherent properties in MIMO radars are discussed.The Cramer-Rao Bounds(CRB) for estimating DOA of coherently distributed target(CDT) using CMIMO radar are finally studied.
The main works and contributions are summarized as follows:
1.Investigations on AMF based target detection technique for airbome SMIMO radar
(1) The AMF detector for SMIMO radar is studied under interference with unknown statistical properties.Firstly,an SMIMO-AMF detector is proposed,and closed-form expressions of detection probability and false alarm probability are derived.Secondly,a simplified SMIMO-AMF detector is developed with the block diagonal property of interference covariance matrix to reduce the computational complexity,and a closed form expression of the detection performance is given for the special case of two receiving channels.The results show that the two detectors have constant false alarm rate(CFAR) with respect to the interference covariance matrix,and can effectively detect targets by exploiting the spatial diversity of SMIMO radar.
(2) In both SMIMO-AMF detector and simplified SMIMO-AMF detector,it is required to compute the inverse matrix of the interference covariance matrix estimate.The independent and identically distributed(ⅡD) secondary data are often insufficient.The insufficient secondary data will cause the estimated interference covariance matrix being ill conditioned and therefore result in serious degradation in detection performance.This dissertation suggests the application of diagonal loading technique to SMIMO-AMF and simplified SMIMO-AMF detector.Two corresponding loaded detectors(SMIMO-LAMF and simplified SMIMO-LAMF detector) are developed and their performace are theoretically studied.Theoretical analyses indicate that the two loaded detectors have CFAR with respect to the interference covariance matrix.Simulation results show that the loaded detectors can improve the numerical condition of the estimated covariance matrix, and can improve detection performance by exploiting the spatial diversity of SMIMO
2.Investigations on image feature based target detection technique for airborne SMIMO radar
The diagonal loading technique can improve the numerical condition of the estimated interference covariance matrix and the robustness of the AMF detectors.However,it can not reduce the requirement on the secondary data for covariance matrix estimation.This dissertation try to extend image feature space-time processing to airborne SMIMO radar and develop a new image feature based detector(SMIMO-IFSTP).The research shows that SMIMO-IFSTP detector can improve the detection performance by exploiting the spatial diversity to combat detection performance degradations induced by fluctuations of target radar cross section and small radial velocity of target,and can effectively detect ground moving targets without any requirement for interference covadance estimation by exploiting the distinct image features of targets and interference signals in the angle-Doppler domain.
3.Investigations on DOA estimation for SMIMO radar and CMIMO radar in SαS impulsive clutter
A lot of practical measurements have shown that radar clutter have impulsive characteristics,and can be well modeled as SαS distribution.The SαS distributions do not prossess finite second-order or higher moments.Consequently,many traditional DOA estimation algorithms can not be directly adapted to SαS impulsive clutters under stable law.To migitate the effects of SαS impulsive clutters,two pre-processing techniques, fractional lower order statistic(FLOS) and infinity-norm normalization,are suggested. With the pre-proceessed data,the tranditional DOA estimation algorithms can be used for MIMO radar to perform DOA estimations.
(1) For SMIMO radar application,traditional Capon algorithm is applied after pre-processing.The FLOS-based Capon algorithm requires the clutter characteristic exponent value prior known or correctly estimated,whereas the infinity-norm normalization based Capon algorithm can work without these information.Computer simulations verify the effectiveness of the two pre-processing methods.The results also show that spatial diversity of SMIMO radar can improve the precision of DOA estimation in SαS impulsive clutter.
(2) Most of the present DOA estimation algorithms for CMIMO radar assume the virtual sensor-spacing within a half-wavelength and assume Gaussian additive clutter. Extending virtual sensor-spacing beyond a half-wavelength could cause ambiguous DOA estimates.To settle these problems,this dissertation presents a new high-accurate unambiguous DOA estimation algorithm for CMIMO radar under SαS impulsive clutter. With transmit antennas spacing at a half-wavelength and receive antennas spacing beyond a half-wavelength,the proposed algorithm firstly utilizes the infinity-norm normalization to pre-process the received signal.Then,by exploiting the propagator method,the proposed algorithm uses the half-wavelength invafiance to yield high-variance but unambiguious DOA estimates and uses the larger invafiance to produce a set of cyclically ambiguous low-variance DOA estimates.Finally the high-variance estimates are served as a coarse reference to disambiguate the ambiguous low-variance DOA estimates.The new algorithm does not require the eigen-decomposition and spectral searching,hence,showing low computational complexity.
4.Investigations on CRB for estimating DOA of CDT with CMIMO radar
This part studies the CRB for estimating DOA of CDT with CMIMO radar,and reveals the fundamental performances of CMIMO radar.Firstly,the general CRB expression is derived.Then,several special cases such as a CDT and a CDT with partial information are discussed in detail.Finally,the CRB properties for estimating a CDT are discussed.The results show that the CMIMO radar is superior to the traditional phased array radar in estimating the CDT parameters,and the CRB on estimating point target is superior to CDT for CMIMO radar.
与传统雷达相比,MIMO雷达在目标检测、参数估计、机动目标跟踪、以及目标识别与分类等应用领域都具有显著的性能优势。本文根据MIMO雷达的研究进展,在前人工作的基础上,主要对MIMO雷达的目标检测和波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计几个问题进行了研究和探讨。在目标检测方面,研究了机载SMIMO雷达在未知统计特性干扰(由空时二维杂波和热噪声构成)背景下,基于自适应匹配滤波(Adaptive Matched Filter,AMF)和基于图像特征的目标检测技术,并探讨了空间分集特性对检测性能的改善。在DOA估计方面,首先研究了两类MIMO雷达在对称α稳定(Symmetricα-Stable,SαS)冲击杂波背景下的DOA估计算法,并探讨了SMIMO雷达的空间分集特性和CMIMO雷达的虚拟孔径特性对各自DOA估计性能的改善;然后研究了CMIMO雷达对相干分布式目标(Coherently distributed targets,CDT)DOA估计的克拉美-罗下限(Cramer-Rao bounds,CRB)。
本文的主要工作和贡献总结如下:
1基于AMF的机载SMIMO雷达目标检测技术
(1)针对机载SMIMO雷达在未知统计特性的空时二维干扰中目标检测问题,本文将单基地雷达的AMF检测器推广到机载SMIMO雷达。首先研究了SMIMO-AMF检测器,推导出其检测概率和虚警概率的闭合表达式。然后,基于机载SMIMO雷达干扰协方差矩阵的块对角特性,推导出一种简化SMIMO-AMF检测器,大大减小算法的复杂度;并在两个接收通道的情形下,推导出简化SMIMO-AMF检测器检测概率和虚警概率的表达式。研究结果表明,SMIMO-AMF检测器和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器相对于干扰协方差矩阵都具有恒虚警特性,并且这两种检测器能够利用SMIMO雷达的空间分集特性,在未知统计特性的空时干扰背景下有效检测目标。
(2)SMIMO-AMF检测器和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器都需要对干扰协方差矩阵估计值求逆,在独立同分布(Independent and Identically Distributed,ⅡD)参考单元数据不足时会引起估计协方差矩阵的病态,从而使检测性能急剧下降。针对该问题,本文将对角加载技术应用到SMIMO-AMF检测器和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器中,研究了相应的对角加载检测器(SMIMO-LAMF检测器和简化SMIMO-LAMF检测器),并对它们的检测性能进行了理论分析。研究结果表明,SMIMO-LAMF检测器和简化SMIMO-LAMF检测器利用对角加载技术有效改善了估计协方差矩阵的数值特性,从而解决了因参考数据不足所引起的矩阵病态问题;同时这两种检测器相对于干扰协方差矩阵都具有恒虚警特性,并且能利用空间分集改善目标检测性能。
2基于图像特征的机载SMIMO雷达目标检测技术
对角加载技术能够改善干扰协方差矩阵估计值的数值特性,从而提高SMIMO-AMF和简化SMIMO-AMF检测器的鲁棒性。然而,对角加载技术并不能从本质上减小干扰协方差矩阵估计所需ⅡD参考单元的数量。本文将基于图像特征的空时处理技术(Image Feature Space-Time Processing,IFSTP)推广到机载SMIMO雷达中,研究了一种新的基于图像特征的SMIMO雷达检测器(SMIMO-IFSTP)。该检测器能有效利用机载SMIMO雷达的空间分集减小目标RCS起伏特性和小径向速度对检测性能的影响,并基于目标信号与干扰信号之间不同的图像特征,无需估计干扰协方差矩阵即可有效检测地面动目标。
3 SαS冲击杂波下两类MIMO雷达的DOA估计算法
近年来,大量实验数据表明雷达接收到的杂波信号具有一定的冲击性,适用于SαS分布过程来表示。由于SαS冲击杂波不存在二阶及以上矩,因此传统基于二阶及以上统计量的DOA估计算法不能直接用于SαS冲击杂波下MIMO雷达的DOA估计。针对这一问题,本文利用分数低阶统计量和无穷范数归一化的思想,对MIMO雷达接收数据进行预处理,获取有界统计量,然后应用传统DOA估计方法实现目标的DOA估计。
(1)在SαS冲击杂波背景下SMIMO雷达的研究方面,首先分别采用分数低阶统计量和无穷范数归一化的思想对接收数据进行预处理,然后将传统Capon算法拓展到SMIMO雷达中进行DOA估计。基于分数低阶预处理的Capon算法在杂波特征指数已知或正确估计的条件下,首先对接收数据进行预处理获得有界的分数低阶协方差矩阵,然后在保证期望方向增益不变的条件下,使SMIMO雷达接收阵列分数低阶功率最小,实现DOA估计。基于无穷范数归一化的Capon算法无需杂波特征指数的先验信息,该方法首先将SαS冲击杂波转化为零均值、有限方差的杂波,继而采用传统Capon算法进行DOA估计。结果表明通过对数据进行预处理能较大改善SMIMO雷达在SαS冲击杂波背景下的DOA估计性能,同时SMIMO雷达的空间分集特性也可显著提高DOA估计的精度。
(2)在业已开展的CMIMO雷达的DOA估计研究中,通常假设整个虚拟阵元间的间距不大于半波长,并且假设杂波服从高斯分布。当阵元间距大于半波长时,会产生DOA估计的模糊问题。针对这些问题,本文给出了一种SαS冲击杂波下,高精度无模糊的DOA估计算法。该方法基于发射天线间距等于半个波长、接收天线间距稀疏的CMIMO雷达天线配置结构,首先采用无穷范数归一化对接收数据进行预处理;然后对于预处理数据,基于PM(Propagator Method),利用CMIMO雷达虚拟孔径中半波长的空间旋转不变性获得一组低精度无模糊的DOA估计值,利用大于半波长的空间旋转不变性获得一组高精度模糊的DOA估计值:最后用无模糊估计值解模糊估计值得到最终的DOA估计值。该方法无需谱峰搜索和对预处理数据的协方差矩阵进行特征分解,具有较小的运算量。
4 CMIMO雷达对CDT目标DOA估计的CRB研究
这一部分研究了CMIMO雷达在高斯白噪声下对CDT目标DOA估计的CRB,揭示出CMIMO雷达的CDT目标DOA估计性能。首先,推导了CDT目标DOA估计CRB的一般关系式;然后,给出一个CDT目标和CDT目标部分信息已知等特殊情况下的CRB;最后,分析了CMIMO雷达对一个CDT目标DOA估计CRB的性质。研究结果表明CMIMO雷达对CDT目标DOA估计的CRB性能优于传统相控阵雷达,并且CMIMO雷达CDT目标DOA估计的CRB的性能低于对点目标的估计性能。
With the recent development in radar and multi-input multi-output(MIMO) communication techniques,MIMO radar has received vibrant attentions for radar engineers.The MIMO radars can be grouped into two classes:statistical MIMO(SMIMO) radar and co-located MIMO(CMIMO) radar.SMIMO radar is one with its transmitting and/or receiving elements separated far away from each other to achieve spatial diversity gain,while CMIMO radar applies waveform diversity to traditional phased array to form virtual aperture.
In comparison with traditional radars,MIMO radars show performance advantages in target detection,parameter estimation,maneuvering target tracking,target identification and classification.On the basis of previous advances in MIMO radars,this dissertation investigates target detection and direction of arrival estimation(DOA) for MIMO radars.In the target detection,adaptive matched filter(AMF) based and image feature based target detection techniques are studied for airborne SMIMO radar in the presence of interference (including clutter and noise) with unknown statistical properties.Also disscussed here is the performance improvement by exploiting spatial diversity in SMIMO radar.In the DOA estimation studies,traditional DOA estimators are extended to SMIMO and CMIMO radars under symmetricα-stable(SαS) impulsive clutter environments.Performance improvements achieved by exploiting the inherent properties in MIMO radars are discussed.The Cramer-Rao Bounds(CRB) for estimating DOA of coherently distributed target(CDT) using CMIMO radar are finally studied.
The main works and contributions are summarized as follows:
1.Investigations on AMF based target detection technique for airbome SMIMO radar
(1) The AMF detector for SMIMO radar is studied under interference with unknown statistical properties.Firstly,an SMIMO-AMF detector is proposed,and closed-form expressions of detection probability and false alarm probability are derived.Secondly,a simplified SMIMO-AMF detector is developed with the block diagonal property of interference covariance matrix to reduce the computational complexity,and a closed form expression of the detection performance is given for the special case of two receiving channels.The results show that the two detectors have constant false alarm rate(CFAR) with respect to the interference covariance matrix,and can effectively detect targets by exploiting the spatial diversity of SMIMO radar.
(2) In both SMIMO-AMF detector and simplified SMIMO-AMF detector,it is required to compute the inverse matrix of the interference covariance matrix estimate.The independent and identically distributed(ⅡD) secondary data are often insufficient.The insufficient secondary data will cause the estimated interference covariance matrix being ill conditioned and therefore result in serious degradation in detection performance.This dissertation suggests the application of diagonal loading technique to SMIMO-AMF and simplified SMIMO-AMF detector.Two corresponding loaded detectors(SMIMO-LAMF and simplified SMIMO-LAMF detector) are developed and their performace are theoretically studied.Theoretical analyses indicate that the two loaded detectors have CFAR with respect to the interference covariance matrix.Simulation results show that the loaded detectors can improve the numerical condition of the estimated covariance matrix, and can improve detection performance by exploiting the spatial diversity of SMIMO
2.Investigations on image feature based target detection technique for airborne SMIMO radar
The diagonal loading technique can improve the numerical condition of the estimated interference covariance matrix and the robustness of the AMF detectors.However,it can not reduce the requirement on the secondary data for covariance matrix estimation.This dissertation try to extend image feature space-time processing to airborne SMIMO radar and develop a new image feature based detector(SMIMO-IFSTP).The research shows that SMIMO-IFSTP detector can improve the detection performance by exploiting the spatial diversity to combat detection performance degradations induced by fluctuations of target radar cross section and small radial velocity of target,and can effectively detect ground moving targets without any requirement for interference covadance estimation by exploiting the distinct image features of targets and interference signals in the angle-Doppler domain.
3.Investigations on DOA estimation for SMIMO radar and CMIMO radar in SαS impulsive clutter
A lot of practical measurements have shown that radar clutter have impulsive characteristics,and can be well modeled as SαS distribution.The SαS distributions do not prossess finite second-order or higher moments.Consequently,many traditional DOA estimation algorithms can not be directly adapted to SαS impulsive clutters under stable law.To migitate the effects of SαS impulsive clutters,two pre-processing techniques, fractional lower order statistic(FLOS) and infinity-norm normalization,are suggested. With the pre-proceessed data,the tranditional DOA estimation algorithms can be used for MIMO radar to perform DOA estimations.
(1) For SMIMO radar application,traditional Capon algorithm is applied after pre-processing.The FLOS-based Capon algorithm requires the clutter characteristic exponent value prior known or correctly estimated,whereas the infinity-norm normalization based Capon algorithm can work without these information.Computer simulations verify the effectiveness of the two pre-processing methods.The results also show that spatial diversity of SMIMO radar can improve the precision of DOA estimation in SαS impulsive clutter.
(2) Most of the present DOA estimation algorithms for CMIMO radar assume the virtual sensor-spacing within a half-wavelength and assume Gaussian additive clutter. Extending virtual sensor-spacing beyond a half-wavelength could cause ambiguous DOA estimates.To settle these problems,this dissertation presents a new high-accurate unambiguous DOA estimation algorithm for CMIMO radar under SαS impulsive clutter. With transmit antennas spacing at a half-wavelength and receive antennas spacing beyond a half-wavelength,the proposed algorithm firstly utilizes the infinity-norm normalization to pre-process the received signal.Then,by exploiting the propagator method,the proposed algorithm uses the half-wavelength invafiance to yield high-variance but unambiguious DOA estimates and uses the larger invafiance to produce a set of cyclically ambiguous low-variance DOA estimates.Finally the high-variance estimates are served as a coarse reference to disambiguate the ambiguous low-variance DOA estimates.The new algorithm does not require the eigen-decomposition and spectral searching,hence,showing low computational complexity.
4.Investigations on CRB for estimating DOA of CDT with CMIMO radar
This part studies the CRB for estimating DOA of CDT with CMIMO radar,and reveals the fundamental performances of CMIMO radar.Firstly,the general CRB expression is derived.Then,several special cases such as a CDT and a CDT with partial information are discussed in detail.Finally,the CRB properties for estimating a CDT are discussed.The results show that the CMIMO radar is superior to the traditional phased array radar in estimating the CDT parameters,and the CRB on estimating point target is superior to CDT for CMIMO radar.
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