公共财政支持“三农”发展的政策研究
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摘要
“三农”问题一直是我国重点关注和解决的问题,它既是经济社会问题,又是政治问题,其解决的好坏,关系到我国经济发展和社会稳定的大局,对全国又好又快发展具有全局和战略意义。随着国民经济的发展,我国农业与国民经济的矛盾日益显著;农民的增收乏力,城乡居民收入差距越来越大;农村公共品供给严重不足。这些问题的存在严重制约了我国经济社会的全面发展。山西省也是如此,山西大部分县市的经济是以农业和农村经济为主,由于自然、历史、经济等方面的因素,山西省的“三农”问题相当突出,需要政府予以大力支持。因此本文结合山西具体省情和山西财政支持“三农”发展的现状和问题,从山西财政应该如何支持“三农”这一角度进行了一系列的研究。
本文首先阐述了公共财政支持“三农”发展的理论基础,从市场失灵和政府干预以及市场失灵在“三农”发展中的体现两个方面说明了公共财政支持“三农”发展的理论基础;其次,通过对“三农”问题提出的背景和公共财政与“三农”关系的论述,提出了公共财政支持“三农”发展的必要性;再次,通过调查分析山西省“三农”发展的基本状况以及财政支持“三农”发展的基本情况,从中发现山西省财政支持“三农”发展的问题,如农业资金投入力度不足,使用效率低下、农村公共品供给总量不足,质量不高、城镇化水平滞后等致使山西省“三农”发展滞后;最后,在以上分析阐述的基础上,提出了科学有效的、适合山西省实际省情的财政支持“三农”发展的政策建议和配套措施。一是提出山西省财政支持农业发展的基本思路,即加大对农业的扶持、支持农业科技进步,发展生态农业、支持农业政策导向以及创新财政支农机制等。二是提出山西省财政支持农村发展的基本思路,包括优化农村财政投入结构、加大农村基础设施投入和投资主体多元化等。三是提出山西省财政支持农民发展的基本思路,包括扶贫、加大农村剩余劳动力转移等。四是提出了财政支持“三农”发展的配套措施,即完善对涉农事业单位的支持。
本文主要运用理论阐述与实证分析相结合的研究方法,针对山西省的实际省情,力图找到一条适合山西“三农”发展的最佳途径。由于考虑到政府在“三农”发展中的主导作用,因此本文在选题和写作过程中突出了财政在解决“三农”问题中的重要作用,而且文章中提出的山西省财政支持“三农”发展的建议实践性很强,对搞好山西省“三农”发展具有重要的指导意义。
“San Nong”problems have always been the focus of our concerns. Not only it is a problem of economic and society, but also a political issue. Its solution has an important impact on China’s economic development and social stability, and moreover, has an overall and strategic significance to the sound and fast development of our nation. With the development of our economy, the contradiction between agriculture and the economy become increasingly prominent: for example, to increase farmers’income become more and more difficult, and the gap between urban and rural residents is much wider , supply of public goods in rural areas has been a serious shortage. These problems have seriously constrained the overall development of economic and society .The same is true in Shanxi Province. In Shanxi, most of its countys’economy is based on agriculture. Due to natural, historical, economic and other factors,“San Nong”issue in Shanxi is quite prominent, its solution calls strongly for support from government. So the specific situation in the province and some problems in its financial support to“San Nong”development were combined in this article , and how should the financial support make its greatest contribution to“San Nong”problem is seriously studied here.
Firstly, this paper describes the theoretical basis of the public financial support to“San Nong”development, mainly from two aspects: one is market failure and government intervention, another is some fact of market failures in the development of”San Nong”issue. Secondly, by analyzing the background of its raising and the relations between public finance and the”San Nong”issue, the necessity of public financial support to“San Nong”development is pointed out here. Thirdly, through the investigation and analysis of basic conditions of“San Nong”issue and financial support to it in Shan xi Province, the problems in financial support to“San Nong”development is found out, such as inadequate capital investment in agriculture, inefficiency of its use, shortage supply of rural public goods and its low quality, lagging behind development of urbanization. Finally, by analyzing above factors, a scientific and effective policy and its supporting measures is suggested, that is most suitable to the situation of Shan xi province. First, some basic ideas of financial support for agricultural development in Shanxi Province is proposed, namely, to increase financial support to agriculture, to support the development of agricultural science and technology, to develop ecological agriculture, to develop more agriculture oriented policies, as well as innovate financial mechanisms. Second , some basic ideas of financial support for rural development in Shan xi Province is proposed, including optimize the structure of rural financial investment, increase investment in rural infrastructure, diversify group of investors. Third , basic ideas of financial support for farmers’development in Shan xi Province is proposed, for example, poverty alleviation to farmers, increasing the transfer of rural surplus labor force. Fourth, some supporting measures of financial aids to“San Nong”problem is put forward. That is to consummate the support for agriculture-related institutions.
In this paper, with the combination of the oretical explanations and empirical analysis, the author aims at to find out actual situations of“San Nong”problem in Shan xi Province. In consideration of the leading role of government in“San Nong”development , the important role of finance in solving“San Nong”problems is highlighted during topic choosing and writing. In this paper, the finance support to“San Nong”development in the province of Shan xi are practically useful, has an important role of guiding.
本文首先阐述了公共财政支持“三农”发展的理论基础,从市场失灵和政府干预以及市场失灵在“三农”发展中的体现两个方面说明了公共财政支持“三农”发展的理论基础;其次,通过对“三农”问题提出的背景和公共财政与“三农”关系的论述,提出了公共财政支持“三农”发展的必要性;再次,通过调查分析山西省“三农”发展的基本状况以及财政支持“三农”发展的基本情况,从中发现山西省财政支持“三农”发展的问题,如农业资金投入力度不足,使用效率低下、农村公共品供给总量不足,质量不高、城镇化水平滞后等致使山西省“三农”发展滞后;最后,在以上分析阐述的基础上,提出了科学有效的、适合山西省实际省情的财政支持“三农”发展的政策建议和配套措施。一是提出山西省财政支持农业发展的基本思路,即加大对农业的扶持、支持农业科技进步,发展生态农业、支持农业政策导向以及创新财政支农机制等。二是提出山西省财政支持农村发展的基本思路,包括优化农村财政投入结构、加大农村基础设施投入和投资主体多元化等。三是提出山西省财政支持农民发展的基本思路,包括扶贫、加大农村剩余劳动力转移等。四是提出了财政支持“三农”发展的配套措施,即完善对涉农事业单位的支持。
本文主要运用理论阐述与实证分析相结合的研究方法,针对山西省的实际省情,力图找到一条适合山西“三农”发展的最佳途径。由于考虑到政府在“三农”发展中的主导作用,因此本文在选题和写作过程中突出了财政在解决“三农”问题中的重要作用,而且文章中提出的山西省财政支持“三农”发展的建议实践性很强,对搞好山西省“三农”发展具有重要的指导意义。
“San Nong”problems have always been the focus of our concerns. Not only it is a problem of economic and society, but also a political issue. Its solution has an important impact on China’s economic development and social stability, and moreover, has an overall and strategic significance to the sound and fast development of our nation. With the development of our economy, the contradiction between agriculture and the economy become increasingly prominent: for example, to increase farmers’income become more and more difficult, and the gap between urban and rural residents is much wider , supply of public goods in rural areas has been a serious shortage. These problems have seriously constrained the overall development of economic and society .The same is true in Shanxi Province. In Shanxi, most of its countys’economy is based on agriculture. Due to natural, historical, economic and other factors,“San Nong”issue in Shanxi is quite prominent, its solution calls strongly for support from government. So the specific situation in the province and some problems in its financial support to“San Nong”development were combined in this article , and how should the financial support make its greatest contribution to“San Nong”problem is seriously studied here.
Firstly, this paper describes the theoretical basis of the public financial support to“San Nong”development, mainly from two aspects: one is market failure and government intervention, another is some fact of market failures in the development of”San Nong”issue. Secondly, by analyzing the background of its raising and the relations between public finance and the”San Nong”issue, the necessity of public financial support to“San Nong”development is pointed out here. Thirdly, through the investigation and analysis of basic conditions of“San Nong”issue and financial support to it in Shan xi Province, the problems in financial support to“San Nong”development is found out, such as inadequate capital investment in agriculture, inefficiency of its use, shortage supply of rural public goods and its low quality, lagging behind development of urbanization. Finally, by analyzing above factors, a scientific and effective policy and its supporting measures is suggested, that is most suitable to the situation of Shan xi province. First, some basic ideas of financial support for agricultural development in Shanxi Province is proposed, namely, to increase financial support to agriculture, to support the development of agricultural science and technology, to develop ecological agriculture, to develop more agriculture oriented policies, as well as innovate financial mechanisms. Second , some basic ideas of financial support for rural development in Shan xi Province is proposed, including optimize the structure of rural financial investment, increase investment in rural infrastructure, diversify group of investors. Third , basic ideas of financial support for farmers’development in Shan xi Province is proposed, for example, poverty alleviation to farmers, increasing the transfer of rural surplus labor force. Fourth, some supporting measures of financial aids to“San Nong”problem is put forward. That is to consummate the support for agriculture-related institutions.
In this paper, with the combination of the oretical explanations and empirical analysis, the author aims at to find out actual situations of“San Nong”problem in Shan xi Province. In consideration of the leading role of government in“San Nong”development , the important role of finance in solving“San Nong”problems is highlighted during topic choosing and writing. In this paper, the finance support to“San Nong”development in the province of Shan xi are practically useful, has an important role of guiding.
引文
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4何振国.财政支农规模与结构问题研究.中国财政经济出版社.第34页
6张道刚、夏仕应.三农问题之背景——著名农村问题专家温铁军访谈录.安徽决策咨询,第11页
7数据来源:山西统计信息网.http://www.stats-sx.gov.cn/html/2010-2/20102391036166950142.html
8朱为群等.中国三农政策研究.中国财政经济出版社.第5页
13贾富员、段萃.改革完善财政支农方式促进农民收入长效增长.http://www.sxscz.gov.cn/web/assembly/action/browsePage.do?channelID=1173775725118&contentID=1173775725718
15杨舟、张冬平著.WTO框架下农业财政支出政策研究.经济科学出版社.第170页
18赵际红.完善山西省“以煤补农”政策机制的建议.《山西财税理论探讨》.2007,10.第22页
19贾富员、段萃.改革完善财政支农方式促进农民收入长效增长.http://www.sxscz.gov.cn/web/assembly/action/browsePage.do?channelID=1173775725118&contentID=1173775725718.
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2何振国.财政支农规模与结构问题研究.中国财政经济出版社.第42页
3何振国.财政支农规模与结构问题研究.中国财政经济出版社.第34页
4何振国.财政支农规模与结构问题研究.中国财政经济出版社.第34页
6张道刚、夏仕应.三农问题之背景——著名农村问题专家温铁军访谈录.安徽决策咨询,第11页
7数据来源:山西统计信息网.http://www.stats-sx.gov.cn/html/2010-2/20102391036166950142.html
8朱为群等.中国三农政策研究.中国财政经济出版社.第5页
13贾富员、段萃.改革完善财政支农方式促进农民收入长效增长.http://www.sxscz.gov.cn/web/assembly/action/browsePage.do?channelID=1173775725118&contentID=1173775725718
15杨舟、张冬平著.WTO框架下农业财政支出政策研究.经济科学出版社.第170页
18赵际红.完善山西省“以煤补农”政策机制的建议.《山西财税理论探讨》.2007,10.第22页
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