大庆西部特低渗透油田裂缝特征及治理方法研究
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摘要
针对大庆西部特低渗透新站油田由于储层中裂缝发育,在注水开发过程中暴露出油井见水早、见水后含水上升快、产量递减快、见水无明显方向性、治理难度大的矛盾,本文在国内外文献调研的基础上,通过开展新站油田油藏地质特征研究,搞清了该区域的构造特征、储层特征、流体性质、油水分布特征及油层地层压力和温度;通过岩心室内分析、差应变法、井壁崩落法、微地震波法地应力测试、微电阻率扫描成像及阵列声波测井等技术手段开展储层裂缝发育特征研究,搞清了新站油田人工裂缝和天然裂缝发育程度及方位,人工压裂缝的趋势方向为NE71.4～113.7°,天然裂缝无明显方向性,为复杂裂缝型油藏;通过开发过程中开展动态分析,搞清了新站油田裂缝对注水开发的不利影响。在此基础上,为了改善油田开发效果,针对不同对象、不同时期,采用不同的治理方法,在油田开发初期通过泊松比法确定注水井注水压力上限,采取定压注水,对注水井进行分类管理,延迟油井见水时间;油井见水初期,及时进行注水方案调整或堵缝调剖,控制含水上升速度;油井水淹后,通过注采系统调整试验,减轻裂缝对注水开发的不利影响,减缓油田产量递减,根据注水井的位置特点试验不同方式注采系统调整方式,开展五点法注水、线性注水和不规则注水三种方式注采系统调整试验,取得一定的效果;随着注水时间延长,油井开始多层、多方向见水,层间和平面矛盾更加突出,治理难度加大,为此首次在特低渗透油田开展整体堵缝调剖试验,采用模糊数学方法建立优选调剖井的综合评判模型,同时结合油水井连通关系、井组见水情况和注水压力等因素优选调剖区块,并通过室内实验优化堵剂配方,通过开展整体堵缝调剖,调整了层间和平面矛盾,控制了区块产量递减,改善了区块开发效果。通过采取不同治理方法,目前油田日产油稳定在280t,含水上升率由2002年的2.52%下降到1.22%,油田自然递减率由25%控制在12%以内,研究形成了一套较为有效的改善无明显方向特低渗透裂缝性油田开发效果的综合治理办法,同时也为大庆西部外围低、特低渗透储层中含有微裂缝油田高效开发储备了技术。
The Xinzhan oilfield is a ultra-low permeability oilfield of West Daqing, with reservoir crack upgrowth, it had mostly represent that water of a few of oil well had been appeared fastly, and moisture had been rised fastly, turnout had been falled fastly, Oil well had appeared water without certain way, and adjustment is very difficult. Through develop reservoir geologic feature research, beaten out the regional structural feature, reservoir characterization, fluid property, juice distributional characteristics and formation pressure and temperature. Through technology instrument of core analyse, difference strain means, side wall avalanche means, microear thquake wave means, micro-resistivity scanning imaging and array sonic logging, we develop reservoir crack characteristic research, get know clearly man-made fracture and natural fracture upgrowth degree and azimuth, man-made fracture trend to direction for NE71.4~113.7°, natural fracture without distinctness directionality. Through dynamic analysis, get know clearly crack to waterflooding' detrimental effect. For improvement development of the field effect, difference object and difference stage adopt different governing means, at early field life, through Poisson ratio law ascertain injection well injection pressure upper limit, we adopt constant pressure water flooding to manage systematicly injection well, delay water trouble hour. Water trouble infancy, on time proceed waterflood project adjust or calking injection profile modifacation, control containing water ascensional velocity. After oil well water flood, through injection-production system tune-up test, alleviate crack versus waterflooding' detrimental effect, slacken field output descending, develop three strain testof five-spot water flooding, line flooding and irregularity water flooding, procure definite effect. In company with topping up time prolong, oil well begin multilayer, multiaspect water breakthrough interlamination and surface contradiction more protrusion, abatement hardness increase, wherefore for the first time at special low permeability oil field develop whole calking injection profile modifacation test, adopt fuzzing mathematics means foundation optimize injection profile modifacation phreatic syntheses judge model, simultaneous binding oil and water well connected relation, well group water breakthrough case and injection pressure, optimize injection profile modifacation block, through in-house experiment optimize plug up agent dispensation, through develop whole calking injection profile modification, adjust interlamination and surface contradiction, control know block decline of production, ameliorate block exploitation effect. Through adopting difference governing means, for the moment oil field daily oil output stabilize at 280 ton, increased rate of water drop down to 1.22%, oil field natural decline rate by 25% control at 12% within, form the comprehensive treatment effective method to improvement exploitation effect without distinctness direction special low permeability fissured oil field, for active exploitationthe which low and Ultra-low permeability oil field with microcrack of Daqing highly reserve technology.
The Xinzhan oilfield is a ultra-low permeability oilfield of West Daqing, with reservoir crack upgrowth, it had mostly represent that water of a few of oil well had been appeared fastly, and moisture had been rised fastly, turnout had been falled fastly, Oil well had appeared water without certain way, and adjustment is very difficult. Through develop reservoir geologic feature research, beaten out the regional structural feature, reservoir characterization, fluid property, juice distributional characteristics and formation pressure and temperature. Through technology instrument of core analyse, difference strain means, side wall avalanche means, microear thquake wave means, micro-resistivity scanning imaging and array sonic logging, we develop reservoir crack characteristic research, get know clearly man-made fracture and natural fracture upgrowth degree and azimuth, man-made fracture trend to direction for NE71.4~113.7°, natural fracture without distinctness directionality. Through dynamic analysis, get know clearly crack to waterflooding' detrimental effect. For improvement development of the field effect, difference object and difference stage adopt different governing means, at early field life, through Poisson ratio law ascertain injection well injection pressure upper limit, we adopt constant pressure water flooding to manage systematicly injection well, delay water trouble hour. Water trouble infancy, on time proceed waterflood project adjust or calking injection profile modifacation, control containing water ascensional velocity. After oil well water flood, through injection-production system tune-up test, alleviate crack versus waterflooding' detrimental effect, slacken field output descending, develop three strain testof five-spot water flooding, line flooding and irregularity water flooding, procure definite effect. In company with topping up time prolong, oil well begin multilayer, multiaspect water breakthrough interlamination and surface contradiction more protrusion, abatement hardness increase, wherefore for the first time at special low permeability oil field develop whole calking injection profile modifacation test, adopt fuzzing mathematics means foundation optimize injection profile modifacation phreatic syntheses judge model, simultaneous binding oil and water well connected relation, well group water breakthrough case and injection pressure, optimize injection profile modifacation block, through in-house experiment optimize plug up agent dispensation, through develop whole calking injection profile modification, adjust interlamination and surface contradiction, control know block decline of production, ameliorate block exploitation effect. Through adopting difference governing means, for the moment oil field daily oil output stabilize at 280 ton, increased rate of water drop down to 1.22%, oil field natural decline rate by 25% control at 12% within, form the comprehensive treatment effective method to improvement exploitation effect without distinctness direction special low permeability fissured oil field, for active exploitationthe which low and Ultra-low permeability oil field with microcrack of Daqing highly reserve technology.
引文
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[13]周锡生,李莉,韩德金等.大庆油田外围扶杨油层分类评价及调整对策.大庆石油地质与开发,2004,25(3):35~37
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[15]李宜坤,刘一江,赵福麟.区块整体调剖的 PI 决策技术研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(2):39~42
[16]冯其红.模糊数学在区块整体调剖选井中的应用.石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):76~79
[17]冯其红,姜汉桥.区块整体调剖一体化技术研究.石油钻采工艺,1999,21(2):74~79
[2]李莉,韩德金,周锡生.大庆外围低渗透油田开发技术研究.大庆石油地质与开发,2005,23 (5):85~87
[3]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发.北京:石油工业出版社,1997,56~57
[4]陈立,王俊魁.大庆外围低渗透与特低渗透油藏注水开发技术方法.石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):52~56
[5]龙海骧.大庆外围低渗透油田注水开发技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1993,13~15
[6]孙庆和,何玺,李长禄.特低渗透储层微裂缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响.石油学报,2000,21(4):53~57
[7]夏惠芬.低渗透油田开采工艺技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1996,15~17
[8]葛洪魁.地应力测试及其在勘探开发中的应用.石油大学学报,1998,22(1):94～98
[9]苏生瑞,朱合华,王士天等.断裂物理力学性质对其附近地应力场的影响.西北大学学报,2002,32(6):655～658
[10]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量.岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246~256
[11]王秀娟,杨学保,迟博等.大庆外围低渗透储层裂缝与地应力研究.大庆石油地质与发,2004 ,23(5):88~90
[12]周振华,范长海.新站油田注水压力上限确定方法的探讨. 大庆石油地质与发,2005,24(6):56~57
[13]周锡生,李莉,韩德金等.大庆油田外围扶杨油层分类评价及调整对策.大庆石油地质与开发,2004,25(3):35~37
[14]左松林,廖远惠.新站油田整体调剖试验研究.大庆石油地质与发,2005,24(2):32~33
[15]李宜坤,刘一江,赵福麟.区块整体调剖的 PI 决策技术研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(2):39~42
[16]冯其红.模糊数学在区块整体调剖选井中的应用.石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):76~79
[17]冯其红,姜汉桥.区块整体调剖一体化技术研究.石油钻采工艺,1999,21(2):74~79