芯柱式构造柱约束墙体抗震性能试验研究
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摘要
我国幅员辽阔,同时也是一个多地震的国家。近年来发生的多次强震震害显示,大量的人员伤亡及财产损失都是由于工程结构的严重破坏和倒塌所引起的。“5.12汶川”地震震害调查表明,村镇建筑的倒塌最为严重,究其原因,村镇建筑大量采用的是砌体结构,而现行规范中最主要的砌体抗震措施:现浇构造柱—圈梁技术,由于施工过程多、工期长、施工工艺要求高等不利因素,在大量村镇自建房屋中未能得到普遍使用。
针对上述问题,申请者所在研究团队提出了芯柱式构造柱技术以解决现浇构造柱在应用中存在的多种问题。为验证该技术的适用性和有效性,研究团队进行了11个砌体墙片的低周反复荷载试验,分别探讨了竖向应力水平、构造措施、高宽比和洞口布置这四个主要因素对墙体抗剪承载力的影响,并从砌体墙片的破坏过程与破坏形态、荷载与变形、延性、刚度和耗能能力等方面分析了芯柱式构造柱在不同受力状态及构造措施下的抗震性能。
试验结果表明:芯柱式构造柱—圈梁体系可对墙体起到有效的约束作用;构造柱与墙体的良好拉结是发挥约束作用的关键因素;与素砌体墙片相比,芯柱式构造柱—圈梁措施可有效提高墙体抗剪承载力、变形能力、延性、耗能能力;与规范现浇构造柱约束墙体相比,芯柱式构造柱墙体承载力略低,但变形能力、延性和耗能能力等与传统现浇构造柱相当或稍好。芯柱式构造柱可以满足低烈度地震区的抗震设防要求,适于在低烈度村镇建筑中推广应用。
China is a vast territory, and also has frequent earthquakes. In recent years, seismic damages after lots of strong earthquakes shows that, a large number of casualties and property losses are caused by severe damage and collapse of the engineering structure. The seismic damage survey of Wenchuan earthquake shows that, the collapse of rural buildings is the most serious. The reason is that the masonry structure is widely used in rural buildings, and cast-in-situ tie-columns and beams which are the main seismic fortification measures for the masonry structure in the present code, have not been widely used by plenty of self-built rural buildings, because of many unfavorable factors such as the complex construction process, long construction period, high requirements of construction technology and so on..
Aiming at these problems, the core-tie-columns to solve the various problems, that exist in the application of the cast-in-situ tie-columns, are presented by the applicant's research team proposed. To verify the applicability and effectiveness of the technology, 11 masonry walls are tested under pseudo-static load, four main factors influencing the shear strength of masonry wall are considered, such as the level of the vertical stress, structural measures, aspect ratio and the layout of holes; And under the different forced state and structural measures, the seismic performance of core-tie-columns is analyzed through the failure process and the failure mode, the load and deformation, ductility, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity and so on.
The results show that confined function of core-tie-columns and tie-beams is effective, and good connection using bars between tie-columns and walls is the key factor to play the confined function. Compared with unconfined masonry walls, bearing capacity, deformability, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the wall are improved effectively by the measure of core-tie-columns and tie-beams. Compared with the wall confined by cast-in-situ tie-columns, the bearing capacity of the wall confined by core-tie-columns is slightly lower, but the deformation capacity, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity are equal or slightly better. The core–tie-column can meet requirement for seismic fortification of low earthquake intensity regions, and can be widely applied to rural buildings in low earthquake intensity regions.
针对上述问题,申请者所在研究团队提出了芯柱式构造柱技术以解决现浇构造柱在应用中存在的多种问题。为验证该技术的适用性和有效性,研究团队进行了11个砌体墙片的低周反复荷载试验,分别探讨了竖向应力水平、构造措施、高宽比和洞口布置这四个主要因素对墙体抗剪承载力的影响,并从砌体墙片的破坏过程与破坏形态、荷载与变形、延性、刚度和耗能能力等方面分析了芯柱式构造柱在不同受力状态及构造措施下的抗震性能。
试验结果表明:芯柱式构造柱—圈梁体系可对墙体起到有效的约束作用;构造柱与墙体的良好拉结是发挥约束作用的关键因素;与素砌体墙片相比,芯柱式构造柱—圈梁措施可有效提高墙体抗剪承载力、变形能力、延性、耗能能力;与规范现浇构造柱约束墙体相比,芯柱式构造柱墙体承载力略低,但变形能力、延性和耗能能力等与传统现浇构造柱相当或稍好。芯柱式构造柱可以满足低烈度地震区的抗震设防要求,适于在低烈度村镇建筑中推广应用。
China is a vast territory, and also has frequent earthquakes. In recent years, seismic damages after lots of strong earthquakes shows that, a large number of casualties and property losses are caused by severe damage and collapse of the engineering structure. The seismic damage survey of Wenchuan earthquake shows that, the collapse of rural buildings is the most serious. The reason is that the masonry structure is widely used in rural buildings, and cast-in-situ tie-columns and beams which are the main seismic fortification measures for the masonry structure in the present code, have not been widely used by plenty of self-built rural buildings, because of many unfavorable factors such as the complex construction process, long construction period, high requirements of construction technology and so on..
Aiming at these problems, the core-tie-columns to solve the various problems, that exist in the application of the cast-in-situ tie-columns, are presented by the applicant's research team proposed. To verify the applicability and effectiveness of the technology, 11 masonry walls are tested under pseudo-static load, four main factors influencing the shear strength of masonry wall are considered, such as the level of the vertical stress, structural measures, aspect ratio and the layout of holes; And under the different forced state and structural measures, the seismic performance of core-tie-columns is analyzed through the failure process and the failure mode, the load and deformation, ductility, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity and so on.
The results show that confined function of core-tie-columns and tie-beams is effective, and good connection using bars between tie-columns and walls is the key factor to play the confined function. Compared with unconfined masonry walls, bearing capacity, deformability, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the wall are improved effectively by the measure of core-tie-columns and tie-beams. Compared with the wall confined by cast-in-situ tie-columns, the bearing capacity of the wall confined by core-tie-columns is slightly lower, but the deformation capacity, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity are equal or slightly better. The core–tie-column can meet requirement for seismic fortification of low earthquake intensity regions, and can be widely applied to rural buildings in low earthquake intensity regions.
引文
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[2]朱宇峰.蒸压粉煤灰实心砖墙片抗震性能试验研究[D]重庆大学, 2007.
[3]周炳章.唐山地震与钢筋混凝土构造柱[J].抗震防震工程设计专栏, 2006(08): 8-15.
[4]吕伟荣.砌体基本力学性能及高层配筋砌块砌体剪力墙抗震性能研究[D].湖南大学, 2007.
[5]施楚贤.砌体结构[M].中国建筑工业出版社. 2003(7): 1~5.
[6]刘桂秋.砌体结构基本受力性能的研究[D].湖南大学, 2005.
[7]金伟良.不同构造措施混凝土空心小型砌块墙体的抗侧力性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报, 2001(6): 64-72.
[8]周锡元.构造柱约束的混凝土小砌块墙体抗震性能的试验研究[J].土木工程学报, 2006(8): 45-50.
[9]宋一乐.具有构造措施的高层砖砌体房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].武汉大学学报, 2003(5): 86-88.
[10]朱伯龙.结构抗震试验[M].北京:地震出版社, 1989.
[11]郭俊杰.足尺混凝土小型空心砌块墙体抗震性能试验研究[D].清华大学, 2005.
[12]郭樟根,孙伟民,王辰宇.低周反复荷载下预应力砌块墙体的试验研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品, 2007(6).
[13]郝彤,刘立新,王仁义.带构造柱混凝土多孔砖墙体的抗震性能试验研究[J].世界地震工程, 2008(3).
[14]雷鸿君.配筋混凝土空心小砌块墙受剪承载力研究[D].昆明理工大学, 2002.
[15]胡志远.采用端部约束的配筋砌块砌体剪力墙抗震性能试验研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学, 2006.
[16]湛华. KP1型烧结页岩粉煤灰多孔砖墙体抗震抗剪性能试验研究[D].湖南大学, 2001.
[17]赵春香.砌体墙片抗震性能研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学, 2007.
[18]罗青儿.配筋粉煤灰砌块砌体剪力墙的试验研究[D].东南大学, 2005.
[19]张津涛.约束页岩砖砌体基本性能和抗震性能的试验研究[D].东南大学, 2004.
[20]蒋伟.新型轻质混凝土承重砌体抗震性能试验研究[D].天津大学, 2005.
[21]张宏.带洞口约束梁柱粉煤灰蒸压砖承重墙抗震性能的试验研究[D].扬州大学, 2007.
[22]李敬明.蒸压加气混凝土砌块承重墙体抗震性能的试验研究[D].天津大学, 2005.
[23]尹之潜等.砖墙承重房屋模型破损阶段振动试验(一),地震工程研究报告集第二集[M].中科院工程力学研究所,科学出版社, 1965.
[24]罗伯特,L.威格尔著.地震工程学[M].科学出版社, 1978.
[25]朱伯龙,吴明舜.砖混结构房屋的非线性地震反应分析[J].同济大学学报, 1979(5).
[26]朱伯龙,吴明舜,蒋志贤.砖墙用钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固的抗震能力研究[J].地震工程与工程振动, 1984 3(4).
[27]朱伯龙,蒋志贤,吴明舜.外加钢筋混凝土柱提高砖混房屋抗震能力的研究[J].同济大学学报, 1983(1).
[28]朱伯龙,吴明舜,蒋志贤.在周期荷载作用下砖砌体基本性能的实验研究[J].同济大学学报, 1980(2).
[29]朱伯龙,吴明舜,张琨联.在周期荷载作用下钢筋混凝土构件滞回曲线考虑裂面接触效应的研究[J].
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