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二氧化碳减排约束下中国区域经济效率差异及影响因素研究
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摘要
我国政府在《十二五规划纲要》中指出要积极应对全球气候变化,把大幅度降低能源消耗强度和二氧化碳排放强度作为约束性指标,合理控制能源消费总量,提高能源利用效率,有效控制温室气体排放。本文认为应该将经济、社会和自然环境视为一体,不可分割。在这样的背景下,本文试图评价一个区域的二氧化碳排放的经济效率,通过对比分析相应的理论和实证研究结果,从而针对不同的区域提出有针对性的对策建议。
     本文共包括六章内容。第一章是绪论部分,主要介绍了当前经济发展与环境保护的背景,并提出效率评价在环境问题中具有重要的意义。第二章是理论基础与文献综述部分,介绍了效率评价的方法、数据包络分析理论,重点对比分析了五种处理非期望产出数据包络分析模型,并将线性函数转换法作为本文的效率评价模型。第三章运用上述模型测算了我国分省的二氧化碳排放效率。第四章从横向和纵向两个角度进行了我国分省的二氧化碳排放效率差异分析。通过分析得出的主要结论有:(1)加入二氧化碳排放因素会明显降低效率水平,并且不同区域不同省区的二氧化碳排放效率差异明显;(2)在不含二氧化碳排放的情况下,所有省区的全要素生产率都呈现显著的改进,在含有二氧化碳排放的情况下,大多数省区的全要素生产率有所改进。第五章针对上述差异,运用Tobit模型,重点进行了影响因素分析,得出结论的主要结论有:(1)人均GDP、禀赋结构、产业结构、能源结构、城市化率是影响二氧化碳排放效率的重要因素;(2)中部和西部地区各个影响因素对二氧化碳排放效率的影响力度大于东部地区,东部地区要实现同样的碳减排将要付出比中西部更大的成本。最后本文针对东部、中部和西部的不同情况给出了相应的对策建议。
The Chinese government in the" Twelfth Five-Year Plan" pointed out that weshould actively respond to global climate change, regard greatly reduce the intensityof energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions intensity as a binding target,improve the efficiency of energy and control greenhouse gas emissions effectively.This paper argues that the economic, social and natural environment should beregarded as a whole. Under this background, this paper attempts to evaluate regionalcarbon economy efficiency, through the contrast analysis of the corresponding theoryand empirical findings, we puts forward specific countermeasures in the differentregions.
     This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is introduction, mainlyintroduces the current the background of economic development and environmentalprotection, and puts forward that the efficiency evaluation has important significancein the environmental issues. The second chapter is the theoretical basis and literaturereview part, introduces the method of efficiency evaluation, data envelopmentanalysis theory, analyzes five kinds of processing undesirable output dataenvelopment analysis model, and the linear function transformation method isselected as the model of efficiency evaluation. The third chapter uses the model tocalculate carbon dioxide emissions efficiency of each province. The fourth chaptermakes Chinese carbon dioxide emissions efficiency variance analysis. Through theanalysis, our main conclusions are:(1) adding carbon dioxide emission factors cansignificantly reduce the levels of efficiency, and the carbon dioxide emissionefficiency in different provinces is differences;(2) If there is no-containing carbondioxide emissions, all the provinces of the total factor productivity is significantlyimproved. The fifth chapter focuses on the impact of factor analysis, the mainconclusions are:(1)GDP of per people, capita of per people, industry structure, energystructure, city scale are the major factors in the efficiency of carbon dioxideemissions;(2) if the eastern region achieve the same carbon emissions, it will have topay more than other regions. Finally, this article proposes correspondingcountermeasures on the eastern, central and western regions.
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