复合材料永久模板研究及其在桥梁上的应用
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摘要
模板是浇筑混凝土构件的主要施工工具,无论是现浇还是预制混凝土构件都必须采用模板。因此,模板应具有性能好、便于施工、造价低、周转次数多等特点。而目前在建筑行业中普遍使用的钢模板存在着拼缝多、重量大、易锈蚀等问题。模板设计是建筑方面的冷门,为很多设计人员所忽视。然而模板的费用,可能大于混凝土或者钢筋费用;在某些情况下,还可能大于混凝土和钢筋费用之和,而模板工程的施工同样要消耗大量的人力、物力、财力,很多情况下对交通也造成堵塞。要节约建筑成本,加快施工进度,模板的设计就必须得到重视。因此,开展新型模板研究、研制出实用经济的建筑模板,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
随着建筑材料技术的不断进步,越来越多价格低廉的新型高强材料开始在工程上广泛应用,用以替代传统的建筑材料,以获取建筑成本的降低。与此同时模板工艺的改进,永久性模板技术开始取代传统的模板技术。和传统模板相比较,永久性模板作为一种新型的结构功能模板,是在模板中浇筑混凝土后,模板不拆除,构成构件的一部分,起到承受荷载或保温、隔热等功能作用。
本文的研究工作就在于将复合材料作为功能型免拆模板应用于连续刚构桥,讨论其经济性,施工效率以及对于混凝土梁的增强作用问题。
①讨论复合材料免拆模板与混凝土的粘结性能的影响因素,通过试验研究了复合材料免拆模板对于整体结构性能的影响,即:复合材料免拆模板对混凝土梁的抗弯强度到底有无提高;如果有提高,有多大的提高;
②讨论复合材料免拆模板的设计,及其与组合钢模板在费用、效率以及功能上的比较;
③讨论复合材料免拆模板支撑系统的构造安装措施,以及施工的相关技术问题。
Formwork is the essential working tools in casting concrete. Casting concrete members need the formworks either in situ or in factories. Formworks should possess good performances, convenience in construction, and low cost. However, formworks are not very economic because of need more manual works and wastes more material in present.
With the development of construction materials, more and more high-strength materials with low price used widely and substituted to the traditional construction material. The total cost of project reduced. Meanwhile, the technology of the permanent form begins to replace the traditional casting mold. The permanent form compared with traditional forms is a kind of new type structure form which will stay with the structures permanently and plays a role in bearing load or keeping warm, insulating against heat etc.Composite material can solve the key questions of structural durability. It develop from the ornament materials toward structure bearing component material gradually. In most cases, composite material has been used mainly as thermal insulation slab and wall board.
This paper focuses on the composite material used in permanent form and applied to continuous rigid frame bridges. The enhanced function, construction efficiency and economic of PVA forms used in continuous rigid frame bridge are discussed.
①Discuss the influence factor of connection between composite permanent form and concrete, and investigate the composite permanent casting mold acting on the whole structure performance. The flexural strength of beam is increased by using the composite permanent form.
②Discuss the design of composite permanent form, and the difference between the steel form and the composite form in expenses, efficiency function.
③Discuss the installation measures of supported system used in composite permanent form, and the relevant technological questions in construction.
随着建筑材料技术的不断进步,越来越多价格低廉的新型高强材料开始在工程上广泛应用,用以替代传统的建筑材料,以获取建筑成本的降低。与此同时模板工艺的改进,永久性模板技术开始取代传统的模板技术。和传统模板相比较,永久性模板作为一种新型的结构功能模板,是在模板中浇筑混凝土后,模板不拆除,构成构件的一部分,起到承受荷载或保温、隔热等功能作用。
本文的研究工作就在于将复合材料作为功能型免拆模板应用于连续刚构桥,讨论其经济性,施工效率以及对于混凝土梁的增强作用问题。
①讨论复合材料免拆模板与混凝土的粘结性能的影响因素,通过试验研究了复合材料免拆模板对于整体结构性能的影响,即:复合材料免拆模板对混凝土梁的抗弯强度到底有无提高;如果有提高,有多大的提高;
②讨论复合材料免拆模板的设计,及其与组合钢模板在费用、效率以及功能上的比较;
③讨论复合材料免拆模板支撑系统的构造安装措施,以及施工的相关技术问题。
Formwork is the essential working tools in casting concrete. Casting concrete members need the formworks either in situ or in factories. Formworks should possess good performances, convenience in construction, and low cost. However, formworks are not very economic because of need more manual works and wastes more material in present.
With the development of construction materials, more and more high-strength materials with low price used widely and substituted to the traditional construction material. The total cost of project reduced. Meanwhile, the technology of the permanent form begins to replace the traditional casting mold. The permanent form compared with traditional forms is a kind of new type structure form which will stay with the structures permanently and plays a role in bearing load or keeping warm, insulating against heat etc.Composite material can solve the key questions of structural durability. It develop from the ornament materials toward structure bearing component material gradually. In most cases, composite material has been used mainly as thermal insulation slab and wall board.
This paper focuses on the composite material used in permanent form and applied to continuous rigid frame bridges. The enhanced function, construction efficiency and economic of PVA forms used in continuous rigid frame bridge are discussed.
①Discuss the influence factor of connection between composite permanent form and concrete, and investigate the composite permanent casting mold acting on the whole structure performance. The flexural strength of beam is increased by using the composite permanent form.
②Discuss the design of composite permanent form, and the difference between the steel form and the composite form in expenses, efficiency function.
③Discuss the installation measures of supported system used in composite permanent form, and the relevant technological questions in construction.
引文
[1]李书全,何亚伯.土木工程施工.上海.同济大学出版社. 2004. 8
[2]薛甫友,崔朝栋,兰淑青.对模板工程开发的建议.建筑技术. 1995. 2 (1). 9～10
[3]李一平,薛红.浅析模板设计规范使用的要点.四川建筑. 2001. 1 (4). 58～59
[4]谢遵渊.建筑施工.第3版.北京.中国建筑工业出版社. 1998. 99～200
[5]张忠,曾繁锋.主体结构工程施工.武汉.中国地质大学出版社. 2005
[6] Ralph Ha mer linck,& Leen Twill. Fire Resistance of Composite Slabs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 1995 (33). 71～85
[7]麋嘉平.国内外模板工程的发展概况[J].在全国组合钢模板技术规范审定及经验交流会上的发言. 1981.10
[8]麋嘉平.国外建筑模板和支撑系统技术的新发展[J].建筑技术. 1995.3 (1) .25～28
[9] Jones. EdwardR. Paneland Clamp Formwork System. Concrete Construction- Worldof Concrete. 2003. 50～52
[10]朱航征.几种国外新型模板的开发与应用[J].施工技术. 1996. 1
[11]麋嘉平.建筑模板与脚手架研究及应用[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社. 2001
[12]薛甫友,崔朝栋,兰淑青.对模板工程开发的建议[J].建筑技术. 1995. 2 (1). 9～10
[13]杨宗放,郭正兴.现代模板工程.北京.中国建筑工业出版社. 1995. 5
[14]麋嘉平.我国模板工程技术的新发展.施工技术.1990. 3
[15] B.uy .& M.A .Bradford,Wet Concrete Loading of Profiled Trough Girders, Thin- Waled Structures. 1996. 25 (2). 81～108
[16]钟咏梅.活性粉末混凝土作永久性模板研究[D].北京交通大学.2005
[17]张巨松,曾龙,王振兴. FRP作为混凝土工程永久性模板的试验研究[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报2000. 5. 32～34
[18]吴文清,崔千祥,施耀辉,杨效中.用钢丝网混凝土模板作免拆模板的新尝试[J].建筑技术开发. 1999. 4. 27～29
[19]毛小勇,韩林海,张耀春.肋筋模板钢—混凝土组合板力学性能的试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2002. 2. 30～33
[20]钟咏梅.活性粉末混凝土作永久性模板研究[D].北京交通大学. 2005
[21]澎龙仕.用作永久性模板的GRC板的物理力学性能的研究[D].北京科技大学. 2006
[22]车剑飞,黄洁雯,杨娟.复合材料及其工程应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社. 2006
[23]胡保全,牛晋川.先进复合材料[M].北京.国防工业出版社. 2006. 6
[24]黄承逵.纤维混凝土结构.北京.机械工业出版社. 2004. 1
[25]姚武,蔡江宁,陈兵等.混杂纤维增韧高性能混凝土的研究.三峡大学学报. 2002.24(1)
[26] Wu Keru,Yan An,Yao Wu.Effect of metallic aggregate on strength and fracture properties of HPC.Cement and Concrete Research. 2001. 31 (1). 113～118
[27] Soroushian P. Khan A,Hsn J W.Mechanical properties of concrete materials reinforced with polypropylene or polyethylene fibers. ACI Materials Journal. 1992. 89 (6). 535～540
[28]张巨松,曾优. GRC永久性模板的试验研究[J].工业建筑. 2000. 30 (3). 76～77
[29]杨嗣信.模板工程现场施工实用手册[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2005
[30] GB50068—2001.建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准[S]
[31]温新辉.竹胶合板模板的设计与计算[J].荆门职业技术学院院报. 2004 (11). 19 (6). 17～20
[32] GB50204—92.混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范[S]
[33]刘吉士,张俊义,陈亚军.桥梁施工百问[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2003
[34]蔡中民.混凝土结构试验与检测技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社. 2005
[35]李自光,颜荣庆.桥梁施工成套机械设备[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2003
[36]杨文渊,徐萍.桥梁施工工程师手册[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2003
[2]薛甫友,崔朝栋,兰淑青.对模板工程开发的建议.建筑技术. 1995. 2 (1). 9～10
[3]李一平,薛红.浅析模板设计规范使用的要点.四川建筑. 2001. 1 (4). 58～59
[4]谢遵渊.建筑施工.第3版.北京.中国建筑工业出版社. 1998. 99～200
[5]张忠,曾繁锋.主体结构工程施工.武汉.中国地质大学出版社. 2005
[6] Ralph Ha mer linck,& Leen Twill. Fire Resistance of Composite Slabs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 1995 (33). 71～85
[7]麋嘉平.国内外模板工程的发展概况[J].在全国组合钢模板技术规范审定及经验交流会上的发言. 1981.10
[8]麋嘉平.国外建筑模板和支撑系统技术的新发展[J].建筑技术. 1995.3 (1) .25～28
[9] Jones. EdwardR. Paneland Clamp Formwork System. Concrete Construction- Worldof Concrete. 2003. 50～52
[10]朱航征.几种国外新型模板的开发与应用[J].施工技术. 1996. 1
[11]麋嘉平.建筑模板与脚手架研究及应用[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社. 2001
[12]薛甫友,崔朝栋,兰淑青.对模板工程开发的建议[J].建筑技术. 1995. 2 (1). 9～10
[13]杨宗放,郭正兴.现代模板工程.北京.中国建筑工业出版社. 1995. 5
[14]麋嘉平.我国模板工程技术的新发展.施工技术.1990. 3
[15] B.uy .& M.A .Bradford,Wet Concrete Loading of Profiled Trough Girders, Thin- Waled Structures. 1996. 25 (2). 81～108
[16]钟咏梅.活性粉末混凝土作永久性模板研究[D].北京交通大学.2005
[17]张巨松,曾龙,王振兴. FRP作为混凝土工程永久性模板的试验研究[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报2000. 5. 32～34
[18]吴文清,崔千祥,施耀辉,杨效中.用钢丝网混凝土模板作免拆模板的新尝试[J].建筑技术开发. 1999. 4. 27～29
[19]毛小勇,韩林海,张耀春.肋筋模板钢—混凝土组合板力学性能的试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2002. 2. 30～33
[20]钟咏梅.活性粉末混凝土作永久性模板研究[D].北京交通大学. 2005
[21]澎龙仕.用作永久性模板的GRC板的物理力学性能的研究[D].北京科技大学. 2006
[22]车剑飞,黄洁雯,杨娟.复合材料及其工程应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社. 2006
[23]胡保全,牛晋川.先进复合材料[M].北京.国防工业出版社. 2006. 6
[24]黄承逵.纤维混凝土结构.北京.机械工业出版社. 2004. 1
[25]姚武,蔡江宁,陈兵等.混杂纤维增韧高性能混凝土的研究.三峡大学学报. 2002.24(1)
[26] Wu Keru,Yan An,Yao Wu.Effect of metallic aggregate on strength and fracture properties of HPC.Cement and Concrete Research. 2001. 31 (1). 113～118
[27] Soroushian P. Khan A,Hsn J W.Mechanical properties of concrete materials reinforced with polypropylene or polyethylene fibers. ACI Materials Journal. 1992. 89 (6). 535～540
[28]张巨松,曾优. GRC永久性模板的试验研究[J].工业建筑. 2000. 30 (3). 76～77
[29]杨嗣信.模板工程现场施工实用手册[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2005
[30] GB50068—2001.建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准[S]
[31]温新辉.竹胶合板模板的设计与计算[J].荆门职业技术学院院报. 2004 (11). 19 (6). 17～20
[32] GB50204—92.混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范[S]
[33]刘吉士,张俊义,陈亚军.桥梁施工百问[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2003
[34]蔡中民.混凝土结构试验与检测技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社. 2005
[35]李自光,颜荣庆.桥梁施工成套机械设备[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2003
[36]杨文渊,徐萍.桥梁施工工程师手册[M].北京.人民交通出版社. 2003
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