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盐碱胁迫下山葡萄嫁接苗生理生化特性研究
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摘要
山葡萄为较耐盐碱的多年生藤本植物,由于吉林省西部地区土壤盐碱化程度较重,限制了其适栽范围。因此,对山葡萄进行耐盐碱性研究和耐盐碱品种筛选,以便提出对盐碱土壤进行改良的范围,这将对山葡萄的发展具有重大意义。本研究采用双优、双红和左山一一年生嫁接苗为试材,利用盆栽法进行盐碱胁迫下植株生长发育和生理生化特性进行了研究。主要结果如下:
     1山葡萄在低盐碱胁迫条件下能够正常生长,在高胁迫下植株生长矮小,发育不良,株高、新梢粗度和叶面积和根系干鲜重随盐碱胁迫强度的加强而降低,且随着胁迫时间的延长危害加重。三个品种在土壤pH为8.30的盆栽基质中均未萌发而死亡,双红和左山一在土壤pH8.02处理150天后也全部死亡。因此,三个品种在盐碱胁迫条件下的共同致死土壤pH为8.30。
     2山葡萄的栽培区域选择:由于山葡萄在pH8.30的土壤中均死亡,所以,在土壤pH高于8.30的盐碱地区不宜种植山葡萄。在土壤pH小于8.30而大于7.51的地区应对土壤进行改良后方可栽培,在土壤pH小于7.51的地区可直接栽培。
     3盐碱胁迫条件下,对三个品种各种生理生化指标的综合评价分析,结果表明,耐盐碱性顺序依次为双优、双红、左山一。
     4山葡萄生理生化特性研究:盐碱胁迫条件下,双优、双红和左山一叶片Ch1(a、b、a+b)含量和净光合速率随着胁迫的加强和胁迫时间的延长而下降,双红和左山一的净光合速率下降的幅度较大。Chla/b均在2.5左右。叶片的电导率随在生育期内成增加趋势,说明膜透性变大,其中双红和左山一的透性增幅明显要强于双优。叶片中Pro和甜菜碱含量随着胁迫强度和胁迫时间的延长成上升趋势。双优叶片中MDA含量在生长期内成上升趋势,而双红和左山一先上升后下降,说明双红和左山一的耐盐碱性稍差一些。POD、SOD活性在低盐碱胁迫条件下,双优、双红和左山一变化不明现而在高盐碱胁迫条件下,双优的增加幅度最大,双红和左山一的增幅较小,说明双优的耐盐碱性较强,双红和左山一的耐盐碱性较差。根系活力方面,双优、双红根系活力先升高后下降,说明低盐碱胁迫下提高了根系活力,高胁迫抑制了根系活力。而对左山一盐碱胁迫始终降低了其根系活力。
Vitis Amurensis is one of perennial liana that has salt tolerance ability. Its proper growing range is limitedby the aggravation of saline alkali soil in the Kirin province. For widening its distribution range andstudying its saline alkali tolerance, The characteristic of physiology and biochemistry in Vitis Amurensisunder saline alkali stress were researched by potted plant and selected the salt tolerance cultivars in thisexperiment. Three conventional cultivars, Shuang You, Shuang Hong and Zuo Shanyi, one-year graftedplants were used. The results are as follows:
     1. The growth was natural under light saline alkali stress. But under high saline alkali stress, the plants'growth and development were delayed and damaged. With saline alkali stress Content increasing and salinealkali stress time prolonging, the injury degree and index of salt damage of Vitis Amurensis leavesincreased, moreover leaf area、plant height、new shoots diameter and weight of roots decreasedrapidly. The growth index of different cultivars had differences. After 150 days with saline alkali stress,Shuang Hong and Zuo Shanyi were died in soil of pH8.02. Three cultivars all were death in soil of pH8.30.
     2. The fitting circumscription of Vitis Amurensis was the area which the soil pH was under 7.51. the plantswill die in the soil pH excessing 8.30. The soil pH range from 7.81 to 8.30 would be improved. But theplant can be planted directly in the soil pH under 7.51.
     3. According to synthesis comparison to the growth and physiological and biochemical reaction of threecultivars under saline alkali stress, it was found that the sequence of saline alkali tolerance is in order ofShuang You>Shuang Hong>Zuo Shanyi.
     4. Studies on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Vitis Amurensis to saline alkali stress: Undersaline alkali stress, the chla、chlb、chla+chlb and Pn in leaves decreased with stress intensify went up andtime prolonged, the average of chla/b was 2.5. the content of Pro and Betaine were increased. The contentof MDA in Shuang You leaves was going on, but Shuang Hong and Zuo Shanyi's were decreasing afterincreasing. The cell membrane permeability、SOD and POD activity in leaves increasing with saline alkalistress content increasing and saline alkali stress time prolonging. The amplitude of Shuang You was biggestmost of all the cultivars. The root activity of Shuang You and Shuang Hong were increasing afterdecreasing, however Zuo Shanyi's was dropped all the time.
引文
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