既有公共建筑采暖系统形式的改造研究
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摘要
对既有公共建筑室内采暖系统改造以实现温控计量,是国家积极推行的节能措施。本文通过对既有公共建筑的采暖系统形式进行改造研究,使其满足温控计量的要求。
首先本文针对公共建筑的建筑功能和供暖运行特点将其分为不同类型。分析不同类型既有公共建筑采暖系统特性和系统形式。根据既有公共建筑的原采暖系统形式的不足,结合适合公共建筑的采暖系统形式,提出不同改造方案。针对各种改造方案所需的条件,进行各方案的对比分析。通过对改造量和工程造价等方面考虑,提出了不同功能公共建筑合理可行的改造方案。
其次,针对节能改造前后室内热负荷的对比分析,并哈尔滨某既有办公楼作为实际工程来进行模拟计算分析。然后利用改造前后热负荷情况,对各改造方案进行了水力计算分析和编制水力计算程序,并举哈尔滨某一办公楼作为计算实例进行模拟计算。在改造成可温控垂直单管顺流式、垂直单管跨越式、垂直双管和水平系统中,提出各种改造方案的改造技术。通过各改造方案的理论分析和哈尔滨某一办公楼建筑进行模拟计算,研究表明按照上述方法改造后的系统仍能达到水力平衡,计算出原有散热器片数满足改造后的需求。
最后,对本文的各种改造方案进行了经济性分析,通过对各种系统形式改造投资项目分析,计算出各方案的投资情况,并由此对比出各方案投资方面的优劣。
本文的研究结果对于既有公共建筑室内采暖系统的改造具有参考价值。
本课题来源于“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“既有建筑综合改造关键技术研究与示范”(2006BAJ03A05)中,我校承担的课题五“既有建筑设备改造关键技术研究”中既有建筑供热系统改造技术研究的内容。
Transforming existing public buildings for indoor heating system in order to achieve temperature measurement, is actively the promoting country's energy-saving measures. In this paper, by research on transformation of the form of the heating system in the existing public buildings, meet the requirements of temperature contol and measuremen.
Firstly, public building, based on construction features and operating characteristics of heating will be divided into different types.The paper analyzes different types of the heating system characteristics and forms in existing public building. According to the inadequate of the original form of heating system in existing public buildings and combined with the fit form of heating system in public buiiding, reconstruction schemes are made. For all the necessary conditions, reconstruction schemes made a comparative analysis. Through the transformation, such as capacity and project cost considerations, reasonably practicable programs for the public buildings of different functions of the transformation are made.
Secondly, before and after energy saving reconstruction of building envelope, the heat load is made the comparative analysis. A practical existing office in Harbin established carry out simulation analysis. And then by the the change ofhe heat load,hydraulic calculation and analysis of the reconstruction schemes is carrying out and the hydraulic calculation procedures is worked out, and existing office in Harbin as the basis for calculating a building simulation examples. The transformation techniques of reconstruction schemes are proposed in process of transformed into temperature control in a single vertical pipe-type, vertical leaps and bounds in single-tube, vertical and horizontal two-pipe system.The study show that the modified method in accordance with the above system could meet the water balance, transforming the program to calculate the heat sink above the number of changes in film.
Finally, this paper carried out a variety of reconstruction schemes for economic analysis, through a variety of system analysis of investment projects in the form of transformation, to calculate the investment in the program, and thus comparison of the investment merits of the program.
The result of this article has been great of value for the alteration of public existing building.
首先本文针对公共建筑的建筑功能和供暖运行特点将其分为不同类型。分析不同类型既有公共建筑采暖系统特性和系统形式。根据既有公共建筑的原采暖系统形式的不足,结合适合公共建筑的采暖系统形式,提出不同改造方案。针对各种改造方案所需的条件,进行各方案的对比分析。通过对改造量和工程造价等方面考虑,提出了不同功能公共建筑合理可行的改造方案。
其次,针对节能改造前后室内热负荷的对比分析,并哈尔滨某既有办公楼作为实际工程来进行模拟计算分析。然后利用改造前后热负荷情况,对各改造方案进行了水力计算分析和编制水力计算程序,并举哈尔滨某一办公楼作为计算实例进行模拟计算。在改造成可温控垂直单管顺流式、垂直单管跨越式、垂直双管和水平系统中,提出各种改造方案的改造技术。通过各改造方案的理论分析和哈尔滨某一办公楼建筑进行模拟计算,研究表明按照上述方法改造后的系统仍能达到水力平衡,计算出原有散热器片数满足改造后的需求。
最后,对本文的各种改造方案进行了经济性分析,通过对各种系统形式改造投资项目分析,计算出各方案的投资情况,并由此对比出各方案投资方面的优劣。
本文的研究结果对于既有公共建筑室内采暖系统的改造具有参考价值。
本课题来源于“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“既有建筑综合改造关键技术研究与示范”(2006BAJ03A05)中,我校承担的课题五“既有建筑设备改造关键技术研究”中既有建筑供热系统改造技术研究的内容。
Transforming existing public buildings for indoor heating system in order to achieve temperature measurement, is actively the promoting country's energy-saving measures. In this paper, by research on transformation of the form of the heating system in the existing public buildings, meet the requirements of temperature contol and measuremen.
Firstly, public building, based on construction features and operating characteristics of heating will be divided into different types.The paper analyzes different types of the heating system characteristics and forms in existing public building. According to the inadequate of the original form of heating system in existing public buildings and combined with the fit form of heating system in public buiiding, reconstruction schemes are made. For all the necessary conditions, reconstruction schemes made a comparative analysis. Through the transformation, such as capacity and project cost considerations, reasonably practicable programs for the public buildings of different functions of the transformation are made.
Secondly, before and after energy saving reconstruction of building envelope, the heat load is made the comparative analysis. A practical existing office in Harbin established carry out simulation analysis. And then by the the change ofhe heat load,hydraulic calculation and analysis of the reconstruction schemes is carrying out and the hydraulic calculation procedures is worked out, and existing office in Harbin as the basis for calculating a building simulation examples. The transformation techniques of reconstruction schemes are proposed in process of transformed into temperature control in a single vertical pipe-type, vertical leaps and bounds in single-tube, vertical and horizontal two-pipe system.The study show that the modified method in accordance with the above system could meet the water balance, transforming the program to calculate the heat sink above the number of changes in film.
Finally, this paper carried out a variety of reconstruction schemes for economic analysis, through a variety of system analysis of investment projects in the form of transformation, to calculate the investment in the program, and thus comparison of the investment merits of the program.
The result of this article has been great of value for the alteration of public existing building.
引文
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3郭永辉,马爱华,王子云.既有建筑采暖系统的节能改造.制冷与空调. 2004,(3): 57～59
4中华人民共和国建设部主编.公共建筑节能设计标准(GB50189-2005).北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005
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7 J. F. Nicole, M. A. Humphreys. Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Sustainable Thermal Standards for Buildings. Energy and Buildings, 2002, (34): 562~572
8 Mortensen.H.C. Large Regional District Heating Schemes in Poland. News from DBDH. 1993,(3): 2~6
9建设部建筑采暖计量收费考察组,途逢祥,徐宗威,汪又兰,方修睦.波兰丹麦建筑供暖计量收费情况考察报告[J].暖通空调. 2000,30(1): 25~28
10中国城镇供热协会2006年对丹麦等国技术考察组.中国城镇供热协会对丹麦等供热考察纪要[J].区域供热. 2007,(1): 3~6
11 R.F.Babas’Haq. Improved Pipeline Configurations for District Heating and Cooling DistributionSystems. ASHRAE. 1999,(75): 416~423
12 Kristin E. Heinemerier, PH.D. P.E., Hashem Akbare, Ph.D., Johns. Kromer, P.E. Monitoring Savings in Energy Savings Performance Contracts Using Energy Management and Control Systems. ASHRAE Transaction. 2002,(96): 562~751
13 R.A. Hegberg,P.E. Monitoring Systems for Heating and Cooling Energy Allocation Multiple Occupancy Buildings. AHSHAE Transaction. 2002,(98): 798~804
14 M .J .Hewett, H. L. Emslander, M. J. Koehler. Heating Cost Allocation in Multifamily Buildings: Energy Savings and Implementation Standards. ASHARE Transactions . 1986,95(1): 135~139
15 Robert E. McCade, P.E. Morris A. Pierce, Ph. D. B. Jeffrey Price. District Energyas a Response to Climate Change: The experience in Europe and the Potential in America. ASHRAE Transactions. 1998,(104): 157
16邹平华.分户热计量供暖系统命名与系统型式的探讨.暖通空调. 2001,31(4): 47
17宋利,方修睦,杨志超.中国-加拿大合作项目哈尔滨和兴小区建筑节能示范工程.建筑节能. 2003,(1): 35~36
18方修睦,王海峰,李晓鹏.供暖用热计量的试验研究.暖通空调新技术3. 2001,(10): 45~47
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20田雨辰.计量供热相关问题研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2002: 46~61
21李建兴,田雨辰,涂光备.垂直单管系统进流系数的确定.煤气与热力. 2001, 21(5): 393～395
22刘庆堂,舒海静,潘继红.既有公共建筑供热系统节能改造浅析.区域供热. 2007,( 6): 9～11
23伍小亭.计量供热室内系统设计的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2002: 75～78
24于晓明.热水集中供暖系统设计与安装.暖通空调. 2008,(1): 104～106
25熊平.几种供热热计量方法在工程应用中的技术经济分析[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 55~59
26王晓霞,邹平华,方修睦.分户水平式供暖系统减轻竖向失调的水力计算方法[J].暖通空调. 2001,31(3): 35~38.
27王晓霞,邹平华.分户水平式供暖系统水力计算模型及求解方法.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2004,36 (11): 1450～1452
28邹平华,王晓霞,方修睦.分户热计量水平供暖系统重力作用压头的设计计算方法.暖通空调. 2003,33(1): 58～61
29袁航.水平跨越式分户供暖系统的应用研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 84～85
30李炎,高孟理,李建霞.分户热计量垂直供暖系统的水力计算.暖通空调. 2008,38(2): 84～86
31 C. N. Herrick, K. Connolly. Electrical Control Systems for Heating and Air Conditioning. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall. 1998
32 Toke Elley. The Allocation of Radiator and Thermostat in One-pipe and Two-pipe System. Comfort Division. Danfoss A/S. 1995
33 Ross Wisnewsk, George Reeves. Testing Residential Energy Pricing in Krakow Poland, Municipal District Heat System. ASHRAE Transaction: Symposia 1995,2(1): 547～552
34 Jamal O.Jaber. Prospects of Energy Savings in Residential Space Heating. Energy and Buildings 2002,(34):311~319
35刘志勇,樊越胜,荆振锋.上供下回采暖系统的节能改造.建筑节能. 2008,(1): 12～15
36张宇霞.既有住宅室内采暖系统分室控温技术的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文[D]. 2008: 68～69
37 V. Pamak?tis, A. Ragauskas, J. Kalu?evi?ius,V. Petkus, A. Bagdonas, P.Borodi?as . Advanced Energy Metering and Control System. Electronics And Electrical EngineeringElekronika Ir Elektrotechnika. 2008,7(87): 94～95
38 Liu Lanbin, Jiang Yi, Fu Lin and Xia Yimin. Application Test of the On-off Valve Regulation and Household Heat Allocation Technique based on Building Heat Metering. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning , 2007,37 (9) : 70~73
39鲍家声,杜顺宝编著.公共建筑设计基础.南京工学院出版社. 1986: 156～157
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59 Wang Song, Liu Wei. Dynamic Simulation Software for Room Temperature and Heating Load of Household Heat Metering Systems. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning. 2006, 36 (2): 108 ~ 111
2柳松.区域供热中公共建筑热计量测试与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2005年: 35～37
3郭永辉,马爱华,王子云.既有建筑采暖系统的节能改造.制冷与空调. 2004,(3): 57～59
4中华人民共和国建设部主编.公共建筑节能设计标准(GB50189-2005).北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005
5涂光备等编著.供热计量技术[M].中国建筑工业出版社, 2003年
6徐伟,邹瑜主编.供暖系统温控与热计量技术[M].中国计划出版社, 2000年11月
7 J. F. Nicole, M. A. Humphreys. Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Sustainable Thermal Standards for Buildings. Energy and Buildings, 2002, (34): 562~572
8 Mortensen.H.C. Large Regional District Heating Schemes in Poland. News from DBDH. 1993,(3): 2~6
9建设部建筑采暖计量收费考察组,途逢祥,徐宗威,汪又兰,方修睦.波兰丹麦建筑供暖计量收费情况考察报告[J].暖通空调. 2000,30(1): 25~28
10中国城镇供热协会2006年对丹麦等国技术考察组.中国城镇供热协会对丹麦等供热考察纪要[J].区域供热. 2007,(1): 3~6
11 R.F.Babas’Haq. Improved Pipeline Configurations for District Heating and Cooling DistributionSystems. ASHRAE. 1999,(75): 416~423
12 Kristin E. Heinemerier, PH.D. P.E., Hashem Akbare, Ph.D., Johns. Kromer, P.E. Monitoring Savings in Energy Savings Performance Contracts Using Energy Management and Control Systems. ASHRAE Transaction. 2002,(96): 562~751
13 R.A. Hegberg,P.E. Monitoring Systems for Heating and Cooling Energy Allocation Multiple Occupancy Buildings. AHSHAE Transaction. 2002,(98): 798~804
14 M .J .Hewett, H. L. Emslander, M. J. Koehler. Heating Cost Allocation in Multifamily Buildings: Energy Savings and Implementation Standards. ASHARE Transactions . 1986,95(1): 135~139
15 Robert E. McCade, P.E. Morris A. Pierce, Ph. D. B. Jeffrey Price. District Energyas a Response to Climate Change: The experience in Europe and the Potential in America. ASHRAE Transactions. 1998,(104): 157
16邹平华.分户热计量供暖系统命名与系统型式的探讨.暖通空调. 2001,31(4): 47
17宋利,方修睦,杨志超.中国-加拿大合作项目哈尔滨和兴小区建筑节能示范工程.建筑节能. 2003,(1): 35~36
18方修睦,王海峰,李晓鹏.供暖用热计量的试验研究.暖通空调新技术3. 2001,(10): 45~47
19王毅.计量供热系统的设计计算研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2000,(12): 47~55
20田雨辰.计量供热相关问题研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2002: 46~61
21李建兴,田雨辰,涂光备.垂直单管系统进流系数的确定.煤气与热力. 2001, 21(5): 393～395
22刘庆堂,舒海静,潘继红.既有公共建筑供热系统节能改造浅析.区域供热. 2007,( 6): 9～11
23伍小亭.计量供热室内系统设计的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文. 2002: 75～78
24于晓明.热水集中供暖系统设计与安装.暖通空调. 2008,(1): 104～106
25熊平.几种供热热计量方法在工程应用中的技术经济分析[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 55~59
26王晓霞,邹平华,方修睦.分户水平式供暖系统减轻竖向失调的水力计算方法[J].暖通空调. 2001,31(3): 35~38.
27王晓霞,邹平华.分户水平式供暖系统水力计算模型及求解方法.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2004,36 (11): 1450～1452
28邹平华,王晓霞,方修睦.分户热计量水平供暖系统重力作用压头的设计计算方法.暖通空调. 2003,33(1): 58～61
29袁航.水平跨越式分户供暖系统的应用研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 84～85
30李炎,高孟理,李建霞.分户热计量垂直供暖系统的水力计算.暖通空调. 2008,38(2): 84～86
31 C. N. Herrick, K. Connolly. Electrical Control Systems for Heating and Air Conditioning. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall. 1998
32 Toke Elley. The Allocation of Radiator and Thermostat in One-pipe and Two-pipe System. Comfort Division. Danfoss A/S. 1995
33 Ross Wisnewsk, George Reeves. Testing Residential Energy Pricing in Krakow Poland, Municipal District Heat System. ASHRAE Transaction: Symposia 1995,2(1): 547～552
34 Jamal O.Jaber. Prospects of Energy Savings in Residential Space Heating. Energy and Buildings 2002,(34):311~319
35刘志勇,樊越胜,荆振锋.上供下回采暖系统的节能改造.建筑节能. 2008,(1): 12～15
36张宇霞.既有住宅室内采暖系统分室控温技术的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文[D]. 2008: 68～69
37 V. Pamak?tis, A. Ragauskas, J. Kalu?evi?ius,V. Petkus, A. Bagdonas, P.Borodi?as . Advanced Energy Metering and Control System. Electronics And Electrical EngineeringElekronika Ir Elektrotechnika. 2008,7(87): 94～95
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