声子晶体理论在建筑隔声板材中的应用性研究
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摘要
噪声危害越来越受到各国政府和人们的关注,尤其是在低频部分的。目前建筑墙体多为非承重的轻质墙体,有相当部分的不能满足住宅分户墙的最低隔声要求;且按传统的隔声质量定律难以有效地提高在低频部分的隔声量;因而声子晶体产生带隙的特点足可以应用到建筑隔声领域,使隔声性能提高,尤其是在低频部分的。本文利用有限元分析软件,仿真了多种新型声子晶体隔声材料,对其隔声量以及部分影响因素进行了分析,且最终优化设计了一组样品进行实验验证。本文主要研究内容及成果如下:
声子晶体新型隔声材料驻波管测试建模。本文首先基于NASTRAN和SYSNOISE有限元软件建立新型隔声材料的驻波管测试系统模型,并用单层匀质材料和一参考文献中的实验数据分别验证本测试系统正确可靠性。
研究散射体和基体弹性模量E值对新型隔声材料TL值的影响。利用本测试模型首先对1维2、3组元分别进行基体和散射体的弹性模量值变化对相应的新型材料隔声量带来的变化进行分析;接着对2维2、3组元以及首次提出的4组元分别也进行了同样的分析。结果发现:在2000Hz下,散射体材料和基体材料的E值对其TL值影响很小,基本不影响;新材料低频部分的平均隔声量要比同面密度计算的大5~10dB。
研究组元布局和结构布局对隔声量的影响。对2维2组元逐一增加到3组元的隔声量进行比较分析,发现不论是单一组元还是混合组元分布情况下,各组元的分布越均匀TL值越大,主要表现在非禁带处,在低频禁带处则表现不明显;声子晶体隔声材料的整体质量对禁带处的TL值影响不大,而对非禁带处的TL值影响较大;混合组元要比单一组元的隔声量好。
进行实验设计,模拟值与实测值对比分析。对多种实验方案的优化,最终选择有机玻璃、玻璃胶和钢筋制成的新型隔声材料样品进行实验。结果表明:实测值曲线比模拟值曲线提前165Hz在低频发生了禁带;禁带过后伴随吻合效应发生;新型隔声材料确实比相应的同面密度匀质材料的平均隔声量要高6.62dB,在100~500Hz内平均隔声量相差却高达8.272dB;表明隔声量的提高完全可以突破隔声质量定律,尤其是在低频部分;同时也表明了本测试模型对复杂的声子晶体材料也是正确可行且可信的。
The noise-harm more and more receives the various countries' government and people's attention, especially in low-frequency part. At present, the walls of constructions are many for the non-load-bearing light-quality wall, has the quite partial light quality partition wall sound insulation performance to be bad, the single-layer wall's TL value cannot satisfy the housing to be divided the household wall the lowest soundproofing request. And it’s difficulty to be effectively enhanced according to the traditional sound insulation mass law in the low frequency part. Therefore the phononic crystals may have the band-gap characteristic to fully apply the construction sound insulation field, particularly in low frequency part, thus it makes the soundproofing performance enhancement.This article through finite element analysis software simulate many kinds of phononic crystal new sound insulating material, we analysed their TL value as well as partly influent factors, we obtained the TL value through the different simulation sample. And finally we had optimized a group of samples designs to carry on the experimental confirmation.This article research content and research results mainly includes following parts:
Phononic crystals new sound insulating material standing wave tube test modelling.This article first based on NASTRAN and SYSNOISE finite element software established new sound insulating material standing wave tube test system model, and confirmed this test system must be correct and reliability, separately with the uniform single-layer material and a reference empirical data.
Research on scatterer’s and matrix’s elasticity coefficient E value to new sound insulating material TL value influence. Using this test model, firstly, we analysed 1 dimension 2 components, 3 components separately the matrix’s and the scatterer’s elasticity coefficient value change the change which brings to the corresponding new material TL value; Secondly, we analysed 2 dimension 2 components, 3 components and 4 components as well as proposed for the first time separately. The result indicated: during10~2000Hz, the scatterer material's elasticity coefficient E value and the matrix material's E value are irrelevant with their TL value.
Research on component layout and the structural configuration measure the TL value to the sound insulation the influence. Increased one by one using this test system we analysed 2 dimensions from 2 components to 3 components separate comparative analysis. We discovered under the same area density the component the stronger symmetrical, the bigger TL value to be. But it reacts in the non-forbidden band, and it does not have an effect in forbidden band. The forbidden band quality not directly participates to control, but the non-forbidden band participates in the control. Under the similar condition, we discovered the structural configuration immediate influence TL value, but does not affect in the first forbidden band range. We also found the TL value of the mixed components is better than pure 3 or 2 components.
We had experimental design and had the simulation value and the actual value contrastive analysis. Through many kinds of testing plan's optimization, we finally choosed the new phononic crystal sound insulating material sample which is composed by the plexiglass, the glass cement and the steel bar make to carry on the experiment. The result has confirmed: This sample measured curve value will produce the forbidden band advance165Hz in low frequency compared to the simulation value curve. The forbidden band will have followed the coincidence effect occurrence after it, the new phonon crystal sound insulating material is higher 6.62dB truly compared to the corresponding same area density uniform material's average TL value. And their average TL value difference actually reached as high as 8.272dB in the low frequency 100~500Hz part.They explained that the enhancement of the TL value definitely break through the mass law of sound insulation.Obtained the material using the phonon crystal principle surmounts traditional by far, particularly in the low frequency part. It also had simultaneously indicated this test model to the complex phononic crystals material was also feasible and credible.
声子晶体新型隔声材料驻波管测试建模。本文首先基于NASTRAN和SYSNOISE有限元软件建立新型隔声材料的驻波管测试系统模型,并用单层匀质材料和一参考文献中的实验数据分别验证本测试系统正确可靠性。
研究散射体和基体弹性模量E值对新型隔声材料TL值的影响。利用本测试模型首先对1维2、3组元分别进行基体和散射体的弹性模量值变化对相应的新型材料隔声量带来的变化进行分析;接着对2维2、3组元以及首次提出的4组元分别也进行了同样的分析。结果发现:在2000Hz下,散射体材料和基体材料的E值对其TL值影响很小,基本不影响;新材料低频部分的平均隔声量要比同面密度计算的大5~10dB。
研究组元布局和结构布局对隔声量的影响。对2维2组元逐一增加到3组元的隔声量进行比较分析,发现不论是单一组元还是混合组元分布情况下,各组元的分布越均匀TL值越大,主要表现在非禁带处,在低频禁带处则表现不明显;声子晶体隔声材料的整体质量对禁带处的TL值影响不大,而对非禁带处的TL值影响较大;混合组元要比单一组元的隔声量好。
进行实验设计,模拟值与实测值对比分析。对多种实验方案的优化,最终选择有机玻璃、玻璃胶和钢筋制成的新型隔声材料样品进行实验。结果表明:实测值曲线比模拟值曲线提前165Hz在低频发生了禁带;禁带过后伴随吻合效应发生;新型隔声材料确实比相应的同面密度匀质材料的平均隔声量要高6.62dB,在100~500Hz内平均隔声量相差却高达8.272dB;表明隔声量的提高完全可以突破隔声质量定律,尤其是在低频部分;同时也表明了本测试模型对复杂的声子晶体材料也是正确可行且可信的。
The noise-harm more and more receives the various countries' government and people's attention, especially in low-frequency part. At present, the walls of constructions are many for the non-load-bearing light-quality wall, has the quite partial light quality partition wall sound insulation performance to be bad, the single-layer wall's TL value cannot satisfy the housing to be divided the household wall the lowest soundproofing request. And it’s difficulty to be effectively enhanced according to the traditional sound insulation mass law in the low frequency part. Therefore the phononic crystals may have the band-gap characteristic to fully apply the construction sound insulation field, particularly in low frequency part, thus it makes the soundproofing performance enhancement.This article through finite element analysis software simulate many kinds of phononic crystal new sound insulating material, we analysed their TL value as well as partly influent factors, we obtained the TL value through the different simulation sample. And finally we had optimized a group of samples designs to carry on the experimental confirmation.This article research content and research results mainly includes following parts:
Phononic crystals new sound insulating material standing wave tube test modelling.This article first based on NASTRAN and SYSNOISE finite element software established new sound insulating material standing wave tube test system model, and confirmed this test system must be correct and reliability, separately with the uniform single-layer material and a reference empirical data.
Research on scatterer’s and matrix’s elasticity coefficient E value to new sound insulating material TL value influence. Using this test model, firstly, we analysed 1 dimension 2 components, 3 components separately the matrix’s and the scatterer’s elasticity coefficient value change the change which brings to the corresponding new material TL value; Secondly, we analysed 2 dimension 2 components, 3 components and 4 components as well as proposed for the first time separately. The result indicated: during10~2000Hz, the scatterer material's elasticity coefficient E value and the matrix material's E value are irrelevant with their TL value.
Research on component layout and the structural configuration measure the TL value to the sound insulation the influence. Increased one by one using this test system we analysed 2 dimensions from 2 components to 3 components separate comparative analysis. We discovered under the same area density the component the stronger symmetrical, the bigger TL value to be. But it reacts in the non-forbidden band, and it does not have an effect in forbidden band. The forbidden band quality not directly participates to control, but the non-forbidden band participates in the control. Under the similar condition, we discovered the structural configuration immediate influence TL value, but does not affect in the first forbidden band range. We also found the TL value of the mixed components is better than pure 3 or 2 components.
We had experimental design and had the simulation value and the actual value contrastive analysis. Through many kinds of testing plan's optimization, we finally choosed the new phononic crystal sound insulating material sample which is composed by the plexiglass, the glass cement and the steel bar make to carry on the experiment. The result has confirmed: This sample measured curve value will produce the forbidden band advance165Hz in low frequency compared to the simulation value curve. The forbidden band will have followed the coincidence effect occurrence after it, the new phonon crystal sound insulating material is higher 6.62dB truly compared to the corresponding same area density uniform material's average TL value. And their average TL value difference actually reached as high as 8.272dB in the low frequency 100~500Hz part.They explained that the enhancement of the TL value definitely break through the mass law of sound insulation.Obtained the material using the phonon crystal principle surmounts traditional by far, particularly in the low frequency part. It also had simultaneously indicated this test model to the complex phononic crystals material was also feasible and credible.
引文
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3李鸿忠,许宗衡.关于加强环境保护建设生态市的决定[R].深圳. 2007:5~6
4丁红都.广州市“宁静工程”实施方案[R].广州. 2007:8
5钟祥璋.建筑吸声材料与隔声材料[M].北京.化学工业出版社, 2005:6~218
6 Paulo Henrique, et al. In situ acoustic performance of materials used in Brazilian Building Construction[J]. Construction and Building Materials. 2007, (21):1820~1824
7 M.H.F.De Sakis, et al. Noise control strategies for naturally ventilated buildings[J]. Building and Environment. 2002, (37):471~484
8 TangWing Cheong. Vibroacoustic performance of layered composite structure in small close-fitting enclosures[D]. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. January, 2000:55~75
9 C.F.Ng, C.K.Hui. Low frequency sound insulation using stiffness control with honeycomb panels[J]. Applied Acoustics. 2007, (xxx):xxx~xxx
10 A.Uris, A. Llopis, J. Llinares. Effect of the rochwool bulk density on the airborne sound insulation of lightweight double walls[J]. Applied Acoustics. 1999, (58):327~331
11 António Tadeu, et al. Sound insulation provided by single and double panel walls—a comparison of analytical solutions versus experimental results. Applied Acoustics. 2004, (65):15~29
12王志螼,徐庆华. V-型皱褶夹芯板与隔声性能实验[J].振动工程学报. 2006, 19(1):65~69
13赵宏刚,刘耀宗,温激宏,等.新型声学功能材料——声子晶体[J].材料科学与工程学报. 2003, 21(1):153~155
14温熙森,等编著.光子/声子晶体理论与技术[M].北京.科学出版社,2006:28~60
15 Sigalas M. M, Economou Economou E. N. Elastic and acoustic wave band structure[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1992, 158(2):377~382
16 Kushwaha M. S,Haleci P, Dobrzynsi L. Acoustic band structure of periodic elastic composites[J]. Physical Review Letters. 1993, 71(13):2022~2025
17 Vasseur. J. O, et al. Complete acoustic band gaps in periodic fiber reinforced composite materials: the car-bon/epoxy composite and some metallic systems[J]. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 1994, (6):8759~8770
18 Zhengyou Liu et al. Locally Resonant Sonic Materials[R]. Science. 2000, (289):1734~1736
19温维佳,沈平.局域共振的光子、声子功能材料[R].研究快讯. 2004, (33):106-110
20沈平,温维佳,刘正猷,等.动态质量密度和声学超常介质[R].特约专稿.物理. 2007, (28):112~117
21 Liu Z Y, Chan C T, Sheng P. Three-componentelastic wave band-gapmaterial [J]. Physical Letters B. 2002, (65):165~166
22温激鸿,刘耀宗,王刚,等.基于散射单元的声子晶体振动带隙研究[J].人工晶体学报. 2004, 33(3):358~362
23王刚,刘耀宗,温激宏,等.大弹性常数差二维声子晶体带隙计算中的集中质量法[J].物理学报. 2005, 54(3): 1247~1252
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