动压巷道围岩破坏机理及其控制研究
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摘要
巷道围岩应力状态与矿井开拓布置以及煤柱留设尺寸有关。巷道布置方式、围岩的力学性质和结构特征以及次生应力状态等决定着巷道矿压显现的特征。传统的回采工作面设计方法是在巷道布置中将相邻工作面留设15～30米的保护煤柱,但这样会造成煤炭资源的严重浪费。因此在动压条件下采用合理的煤柱尺寸和巷道支护方案,有着重要的现实意义。
本课题以韩城矿务局象山煤矿为工程背景,采用理论分析、数值计算和现场观测论证相结合的研究方法,从现场观测入手,分析研究了动压巷道围岩变形规律;通过分析动压巷道围岩变形破坏机理,确定动压巷道围岩的控制原则;通过FIAC~(3D)数值模拟软件,分析工作面回采不同时刻及不同煤柱宽度下巷道围岩在主应力分布、塑性区扩展及位移的变化情况;在分析锚杆索控制围岩机理的基础上,根据具体巷道的实际地质条件进行支护参数设计,并通过数值模拟,对设计巷道的支护参数进行检验;通过现场实测,对锚网索支护进行监测反馈。
本课题结合象山煤矿11502采区实际情况,以研究成果指导生产实践,优化煤柱宽度,采用锚网索支护,并对优化参数后的经济效益进行分析。监测结果表明:受采动影响和移动性支承压力的作用,巷道矿压显现表现出一定的周期性;煤柱宽度为7m时,巷道处于应力降低区,且避开了侧向支承压力高峰区;根据自稳隐形拱理论提出的锚网索支护方式,解决了原有的工字钢支护不足的地方,提高了煤矿的经济效益。该课题的研究为动压作用下巷道围岩稳定性研究、煤柱优化设计与巷道支护设计提供了科学依据和实践经验。
The stress state of roadway is affected by the mine exploit disposal and coal pillar dimension. Roadway disposal manner, mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the surrounding rock and the secondary stress state determines the pressure behavior characteristic. It is must waste the coal resource that left 20～30m coal pillar. Therefore how to adopt reasonable size of coal pillars and roadway support program on the dynamic conditions is important.
This topic, based on engineering background of Xiangshan mining area, Hancheng, makes use of the method which is based on theoretical analysis and spot observation to research; According to observation on the locale, the paper analyses and researches deformation law of roadway under dynamic pressure; The paper use the numerical simulation software analysis the distributing of main stress, the development to Plastic zone and the displacement of surrounding rock of different time segment as well as different coal pillar width. Based on analysis for mechanism of bolting with wire meshes and cables controlling rock around roadway, and classification on rock around specific roadway and controlling principles, goes on design of supporting parameters; Through numeric simulation, goes on check up supporting parameters of roadway designing; Utilizing observation on the locale, goes on monitoring and feedback of bolting with wire meshes and cables.
Combined with the subject of 11502 coal mining area, this topic makes use of research results to instruct production, optimizing the dimension of coal pillar, adopt bolting system, and analysis the economic benefits. Monitoring results show that: Affected by mining and mobile support of the pressure, mining pressure performs certain cyclical; The roadway locate in low stress area and avoid lateral supporting pressure zone when the coal pillar width of 7m; The bolting system which according to the theories of self-stabilized hidden arch solves the problem that I-steel can't play a good supporting role. It also enhances economic efficiency. This topic provides a scientific basis and practical experience for the study on surrounding rock stability under the dynamic pressure, optimal design of coal pillar and design of roadway support system.
本课题以韩城矿务局象山煤矿为工程背景,采用理论分析、数值计算和现场观测论证相结合的研究方法,从现场观测入手,分析研究了动压巷道围岩变形规律;通过分析动压巷道围岩变形破坏机理,确定动压巷道围岩的控制原则;通过FIAC~(3D)数值模拟软件,分析工作面回采不同时刻及不同煤柱宽度下巷道围岩在主应力分布、塑性区扩展及位移的变化情况;在分析锚杆索控制围岩机理的基础上,根据具体巷道的实际地质条件进行支护参数设计,并通过数值模拟,对设计巷道的支护参数进行检验;通过现场实测,对锚网索支护进行监测反馈。
本课题结合象山煤矿11502采区实际情况,以研究成果指导生产实践,优化煤柱宽度,采用锚网索支护,并对优化参数后的经济效益进行分析。监测结果表明:受采动影响和移动性支承压力的作用,巷道矿压显现表现出一定的周期性;煤柱宽度为7m时,巷道处于应力降低区,且避开了侧向支承压力高峰区;根据自稳隐形拱理论提出的锚网索支护方式,解决了原有的工字钢支护不足的地方,提高了煤矿的经济效益。该课题的研究为动压作用下巷道围岩稳定性研究、煤柱优化设计与巷道支护设计提供了科学依据和实践经验。
The stress state of roadway is affected by the mine exploit disposal and coal pillar dimension. Roadway disposal manner, mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the surrounding rock and the secondary stress state determines the pressure behavior characteristic. It is must waste the coal resource that left 20～30m coal pillar. Therefore how to adopt reasonable size of coal pillars and roadway support program on the dynamic conditions is important.
This topic, based on engineering background of Xiangshan mining area, Hancheng, makes use of the method which is based on theoretical analysis and spot observation to research; According to observation on the locale, the paper analyses and researches deformation law of roadway under dynamic pressure; The paper use the numerical simulation software analysis the distributing of main stress, the development to Plastic zone and the displacement of surrounding rock of different time segment as well as different coal pillar width. Based on analysis for mechanism of bolting with wire meshes and cables controlling rock around roadway, and classification on rock around specific roadway and controlling principles, goes on design of supporting parameters; Through numeric simulation, goes on check up supporting parameters of roadway designing; Utilizing observation on the locale, goes on monitoring and feedback of bolting with wire meshes and cables.
Combined with the subject of 11502 coal mining area, this topic makes use of research results to instruct production, optimizing the dimension of coal pillar, adopt bolting system, and analysis the economic benefits. Monitoring results show that: Affected by mining and mobile support of the pressure, mining pressure performs certain cyclical; The roadway locate in low stress area and avoid lateral supporting pressure zone when the coal pillar width of 7m; The bolting system which according to the theories of self-stabilized hidden arch solves the problem that I-steel can't play a good supporting role. It also enhances economic efficiency. This topic provides a scientific basis and practical experience for the study on surrounding rock stability under the dynamic pressure, optimal design of coal pillar and design of roadway support system.
引文
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[3]薛顺勋等.煤巷锚杆支护施工指南[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[4]Jaeger J.C.,Cook N.G.W.,Foundation of Rock Mechnaies,Chapmanand Hall Ltd.,London1971,PP216.
[5]Dreyer W.,The Science of Rock Mechanica-I,The Strength Porperties of Rocks,Transl.Tech.Publ.1972.PP501.
[6]周志刚.煤锚支护在完全沿空掘巷中的应用,煤炭技术,2003.7.
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[8]何满潮等.软岩巷道工程概论.中国矿业大学出版社,1993.
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[10]薛顺勋等.煤巷锚杆支护施工指南.煤炭工业出版社,1999.9.
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[12]Wilson A.H.Pillar stability in longwall mining state-of-the-Art of Ground Control in Longwall Mining and Mining Subsidence,Society of Mining Engineers.New York,1982.
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[19]刘忠良.软岩锚喷支护机理与应用.煤炭学报,1993.
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[28]房桂来等.沿空掘巷锚杆锚网支护,煤炭科学技术,1998.5.
[29]王传团等.沿空掘巷在煤矿生产中的应用,山东煤炭科技,1998.4.
[30]PengS.S.Coal Mine Ground Control.Jehn Wiley&Sons,Inc.New York,1986.
[31]侯朝炯.综放沿空掘巷大、小结构的稳定性原理.煤炭学报,2001,26(1):1-4.
[32]张亚琦,杨云山.留窄煤柱沿空掘巷技术在晋城矿区的应用.煤,2001.6.
[33]侯朝炯.煤巷锚杆支护的关键理论与技术.中国矿业大学学报,2002.1.
[34]王传团等.沿空掘巷在煤矿生产中的应用.山东煤炭科技,1998.4.
[35]韩承强.不同宽度区段煤柱巷道围岩结构及变形机理研究.济南:山东科技大学,2007.6.
[36]董方庭等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术.煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[37]杨新安,陆士良.中国煤矿的锚杆支护.中国煤炭,1995.
[38]徐水斯,汪理全,周荣章.我国煤矿锚杆支护应用前景及发展技术途径.中国煤炭,1996.
[39]华安增.矿山岩石力学基础.煤炭工业出版社,1980.
[40]于学盟等.地下工程围岩稳定分析.煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[41]李世干.岩石力学简明教程.中国矿业大学出版社,1986.
[42]董方庭等.中等稳定岩石巷道锚喷支护合理参数的研究及工业试验.中国矿业大学学报,1985.
[43]李占金等.软岩巷道支护理论及支护理论的研究和发展规律.河北理工学院学报,2003.11.
[44]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学.中国矿业大学出版社,1990.
[45]李佩全.大采深复合顶板三软煤层沿空掘巷锚杆支护.煤炭科学技术,2004.1.
[46]张荣立等.采矿工程设计手册.煤炭工业出版社,2003.5.
[47]李顺才等.综放沿空掘巷窄煤柱受力变形与应力分析.矿山压力与顶板管,2004.3.
[48]阎凤山.软岩锚喷支护模型研究.中国矿业大学硕士论文,1986.
[49]李冬.大倾角煤层回采巷道破坏机理及锚杆支护分析.西安科技大学硕士论文,2005.
[50]张佳凡.碱沟煤矿急斜近距煤层联合开采的数值分析.西安科技大学硕士论文,2005.
[51]王应良,申爱国,赵伟封.工程结构数值分析及Algor实现.中国电力出版社,2003.1.
[52]惠兴田.巷道顶板中的自稳隐形拱.建井技术,2000,21(5):17-20.
[53]FLAC~(3D) User's Manual Version 2.0.
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[56]何满潮,孙晓明.软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].科学出版社.2004.
[2]高明中.综放面沿空掘巷的矿压显现分析,东北煤炭技术,1998.9.
[3]宋振骇,蒋金泉.煤矿岩层控制的研究重点与方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):128-134.
[3]薛顺勋等.煤巷锚杆支护施工指南[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[4]Jaeger J.C.,Cook N.G.W.,Foundation of Rock Mechnaies,Chapmanand Hall Ltd.,London1971,PP216.
[5]Dreyer W.,The Science of Rock Mechanica-I,The Strength Porperties of Rocks,Transl.Tech.Publ.1972.PP501.
[6]周志刚.煤锚支护在完全沿空掘巷中的应用,煤炭技术,2003.7.
[7]鹿守敏.软岩巷道锚喷网支护机理.建井技术,1991(2).
[8]何满潮等.软岩巷道工程概论.中国矿业大学出版社,1993.
[9]袁和生.煤矿巷道锚秆支护技术.煤炭工业出版社,1997.9.
[10]薛顺勋等.煤巷锚杆支护施工指南.煤炭工业出版社,1999.9.
[11]Smart B G and Redfem A.The evaluation or Powered support specificity from geological and mining practice information.Rock Mechanics.1991.3:367-377.
[12]Wilson A.H.Pillar stability in longwall mining state-of-the-Art of Ground Control in Longwall Mining and Mining Subsidence,Society of Mining Engineers.New York,1982.
[13]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护.中国矿业大学出版社,1999.9.
[14]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才.煤柱宽度对综放面围岩应力分布规律影响.北京科技大学学报,2006,28(11):57-60.
[15]张敦山,范晓旦,陈刚.沿空掘巷数值模拟分析.煤矿开采,2007,12(3):44-46.
[16]奚家米.数值模拟在石炭井二矿煤柱宽度设计中的应用.西北煤炭,2008,5(2):61-63.
[17]朱川曲.急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤生产系统可靠性分析.湘潭矿业学院学报,1997,2(1):31-39.
[18]姜咫东等.巷道底鼓机理的研究.煤炭学报,1994.
[19]刘忠良.软岩锚喷支护机理与应用.煤炭学报,1993.
[20]宋宏伟等.大松动圈软岩巷道支护.建井技术,1994.
[21]Curden D.M.,A Theory of Brittle Creep in Rock Under Uniaxial Compression,J.GeoPhys.Res.,Vol.75(1970),PP3431-3442.
[22]钱鸣高.煤矿采场围岩控制.中国矿业大学出版社,1994.
[23]史元伟等.采煤工作面煤层控制原理与技术.中国矿业大学出版社,2002.
[24]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制.中国矿业大学出版社,1994.
[25]陆士良,汤雷,杨新安.锚杆锚固力与锚固技术.煤炭工业出版社,1998
[26]陆家梁.软岩巷道支护技术.吉林科技出版社,1995.
[27]崔光华,王金华.我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的基本特点,煤矿开采,1999(4):81-84.
[28]房桂来等.沿空掘巷锚杆锚网支护,煤炭科学技术,1998.5.
[29]王传团等.沿空掘巷在煤矿生产中的应用,山东煤炭科技,1998.4.
[30]PengS.S.Coal Mine Ground Control.Jehn Wiley&Sons,Inc.New York,1986.
[31]侯朝炯.综放沿空掘巷大、小结构的稳定性原理.煤炭学报,2001,26(1):1-4.
[32]张亚琦,杨云山.留窄煤柱沿空掘巷技术在晋城矿区的应用.煤,2001.6.
[33]侯朝炯.煤巷锚杆支护的关键理论与技术.中国矿业大学学报,2002.1.
[34]王传团等.沿空掘巷在煤矿生产中的应用.山东煤炭科技,1998.4.
[35]韩承强.不同宽度区段煤柱巷道围岩结构及变形机理研究.济南:山东科技大学,2007.6.
[36]董方庭等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术.煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[37]杨新安,陆士良.中国煤矿的锚杆支护.中国煤炭,1995.
[38]徐水斯,汪理全,周荣章.我国煤矿锚杆支护应用前景及发展技术途径.中国煤炭,1996.
[39]华安增.矿山岩石力学基础.煤炭工业出版社,1980.
[40]于学盟等.地下工程围岩稳定分析.煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[41]李世干.岩石力学简明教程.中国矿业大学出版社,1986.
[42]董方庭等.中等稳定岩石巷道锚喷支护合理参数的研究及工业试验.中国矿业大学学报,1985.
[43]李占金等.软岩巷道支护理论及支护理论的研究和发展规律.河北理工学院学报,2003.11.
[44]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学.中国矿业大学出版社,1990.
[45]李佩全.大采深复合顶板三软煤层沿空掘巷锚杆支护.煤炭科学技术,2004.1.
[46]张荣立等.采矿工程设计手册.煤炭工业出版社,2003.5.
[47]李顺才等.综放沿空掘巷窄煤柱受力变形与应力分析.矿山压力与顶板管,2004.3.
[48]阎凤山.软岩锚喷支护模型研究.中国矿业大学硕士论文,1986.
[49]李冬.大倾角煤层回采巷道破坏机理及锚杆支护分析.西安科技大学硕士论文,2005.
[50]张佳凡.碱沟煤矿急斜近距煤层联合开采的数值分析.西安科技大学硕士论文,2005.
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