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多轴、多通道数控加工编程技术研究
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摘要
多轴、多通道数控加工实际上是将数控系统中多个插补轴或定位轴分别分配在多个不同的通道内,在每个通道内可以执行不同的数控加工程序和进行不同方式的机床操作。一般在双通道数控机床中要求两个通道不但可以一起进行加工,而且还可以分别进行加工。
     在进行大型管板类零件加工时,这类零件主要是孔群加工,一般采用龙门式机床或卧式镗床。为了提高效率,一般采用双(多)主轴进行加工。这些主轴有时需要进行相同的加工动作,而有时又要求各自的加工动作和固定循环等。这样就要求机床的数控系统具有双(多)通道功能,而西门子840D数控系统具备多通道功能。
     本文综述了国内外数控加工技术和CAD/CAM技术的发展现状,介绍了西门子840D数控系统的多通道功能和AutoCAD软件的二次开发方法,并将其应用于孔群的多轴多通道加工中。
     本文旨在解决关于在大型管板类零件上孔群加工的关键技术,利用Visual Basic语言在较为通用的AutoCAD交互式绘图软件上进行二次开发,设计出孔类零件数控加工编程软件。软件中充分利用西门子840D数控系统的多通道功能和GMD200数控机床的双主轴特性,通过软件编程实现较为合理的加工方法,减少并优化了孔群加工中的工序。
     论文中较好的解决了双轴机床在进行孔群加工中的路径优化和双轴孔加工中的协调问题,实现了大型管板类零件的孔群的数控加工工艺规划,为实际的孔群数控加工提供了方法,并最终生成数控代码,在机床上完成加工。
Multi-axis and multi-channel NC is actually that kind of operation by distributing a number of interpolation axes or positioning axes in a number of different channels of CNC system, the system executes different NC programs and different forms of machine tools operation within each channel. It is required in dual-channel CNC machine tool that two channels can process not only together, but also separately.
     When carrying out the large-scale tube-plate types of parts machining, parts mainly need holes machining and often uses gantry-type machine or horizontal boring machine. In order to improve efficiency, it generally uses the double (multiple) spindles for processing. For these spindles, sometimes they need to act simultaneously, and sometimes they have to have their own movements and fixed cycles. All of these require dual-(multi) channel function of CNC system, while the Siemens 840D CNC system has the multi-channel functions.
     This paper shows the current situation of domestic and foreign CNC machining technology and CAD/CAM technology development, and introduces the multi-axis and multi-channel functions of Siemens 840D CNC system and the secondary development method of AutoCAD, which is also applied to the multi-channel processing.
     This paper aims to solve the key technology in drilling holes on the large-scale & tube-plate types of parts. By using Visual Basic language in AutoCAD interactive mapping software on the secondary development, a hole-type parts'CNC Machining programming software was designed. The software makes full use of the multi-channel functions on Siemens 840D CNC system and dual-spindle characteristics of GMD200 CNC machine tools, and realizes more reasonable processing methods to reduce and optimize the holes machining in the process by programming.
     The paper gives a better solution on the holes machining path's optimization of dual-axis machine tools and the coordination process during the dual-axis holes machining, realizes the CNC machining process planning of groups of holes on large panel-type parts, and provides proper methods for the actual CNC machining of multiple holes. Then, by using of the NC code generated, the processing in the machine is completed.
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