海洋平台振动分析及相似模型实验研究
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摘要
海洋平台在恶劣的环境下工作,受到地震、波浪、风力、冰载及平台上的机器和设备等各种载荷的作用,会引起强烈的振动。有害的振动会影响人体的健康,使仪器不能正常的使用,严重的还会导致平台的损坏。在对海洋平台的研究中,虽然通过数值计算手段可得出所需的技术数据,但是,由于在计算中常引入诸多假定或经验数据,计算结果可靠度欠佳。海洋工程界仍一致认为物理模型实验的结果最为可靠,并以此作为设计、建造海洋平台的标准。因此,海洋平台相似模型的设计、建造与实验研究便显得尤为重要。本文结合国家自然科学基金项目,对海洋平台的振动分析及相似模型实验进行研究,本文研究内容主要包括以下几个方面。
第一,参照W12-1和其他的海洋平台,设计一个海洋储油平台,该平台由上、下两层甲板、四层水平面导管架、平台的六个竖向主导管和支撑组成。为使设计的海洋平台的稳定性更高,将平台设计为六边行框架结构。同时,为使设计的海洋平台满足使用要求,在材料的选择、平台储油量的设计、结构的设计、平台刚度和强度的设计上进行研究,并通过建立平台的三维模型,对其进行静力和动力的仿真分析。结果表明,所设计的海洋平台满足使用要求。
第二,进行相似模型设计研究。分析研究了海洋平台的各动力特性参数并重点研究了材料阻尼对相似模型设计及实验数据分析的影响,结果表明:材料阻尼对相似模型的几何尺寸没有影响,对模型的固有频率影响不大,因此可以忽略;对模型的动力响应影响较大。为方便研究应用,还给出已知阻尼比和阻尼系数时的转换关系。在此基础上,得出在确定模型的相似条件时,可分两阶段来分析即模型设计阶段和模型实验阶段,并得出了相应的相似条件。
第三,通过相似条件的应用,设计了采用PVC材料的海洋平台相似模型,对其进行结构的设计、平台刚度和强度的计算、以及各设计数据的相似检验。通过各数据的相似检验得出满足相似条件,验证了设计的相似模型的正确性。
第四,在设计的相似模型的基础上,建造了一个海洋平台相似模型的实物,进行海洋平台相似模型振动模态实验,制定了振动模态实验系统。考虑到模型测点较多,为节省传感器,实验采用多输入单输出的实验方法,即多点激振单点输出测量的方法。信号的激振采用锤击法,激励信号和响应信号将分别通过力传感器和加速度计拾取。为使所测得的信号的可靠性更高,采用力锤激振时在每个测点敲击4次,即采4块数据,以便在传递函数分析时可进行4次平均。采用南京安正软件工程有限公司的AZ016G采集箱进行数据采集,用CRAS V6.1进行数据分析、曲线拟合,识别出各阶模态频率、阻尼系数等结构特性参数。
第五,为了研究海洋平台的动态特性,识别出其模态参数,包括各阶固有频率、空间振型和阻尼比等,对海洋平台相似模型振动模态实验数据进行分析和处理。将相似模型的实验数据和原型的仿真数据进行对比分析,都能够较好的吻合,说明实验的可靠性,而且证明海洋平台相似模型设计和建造的一致性。并对海洋平台相似模型的实验数据的误差在相似模型设计中、建造中和实验中三个方面进行了分析。
第六,为了研究海洋平台上设备的自身振动对平台的影响,对海洋平台进行动力响应研究,得出对模型施加激振时,需要考虑三个参数的影响,即激振力F,激振频率ωF,激励持续时间t。将得出的实验结果和原型仿真结果对比分析,得出数据趋势基本吻合,并对海洋平台相似模型的实验数据的误差进行了分析。
总之,理论分析、仿真分析和实验研究表明,设计的海洋平台相似模型与原型满足相似条件,为下一步的研究奠定了基础。在后续研究中,将减振控制应用到相似模型上,对海洋平台的振动控制做进一步的研究。
The offshore platforms serviced in the offshore environments will subject to earthquakes, waves, wind, ice and the loads of machinery and equipment on the platform and will cause strong vibrations. Harmful vibration will affect human health, the equipment can not be normally used and cause the platform damage. Although the technical data needed can be obtained by the numerical computations, the reliability of the results is sometimes unsatisfactory since many assumptions or empirical data are used in the computations. Marine engineering is still agreed that the physical model experiment's result is most reliable, as the standards of the offshore platform’s design, construction. Therefore, the design, construction and the experiment of similar model appear especially important. Some researches on the offshore platform's vibration analysis and the similar model experiment, which is associated with a research project sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China. The major aspects of the research of the dissertation are shown as follows.
Firstly, with reference to W12-1 and other offshore platforms, designs an offshore platform for oil storage. This platform is composed of the upper deck and lower deck, four floors horizontal jackets, six vertical king posts and some supports. In order to design a higher stability of the marine platform, the design of the platform framework is six-line structure. At the same time, in order to enable the design of offshore platforms to meet the requirements of use, some researches on the materials selection, design of platform storage volume for oil, structural design, stiffness and strength of platform design, and through the establishment of three-dimensional model of the platform, the simulation analysis of static force and dynamic force are studied. The results show that the offshore platform designed to meet the requirements.
Secondly, the similar model design is studied. Study influence of material damping to the similar model design and experimental data analysis. The results show that material damping does not affect the geometry of similar model. Material damping has little effect on the natural frequency, so it can be ignored. But the influence of model’s dynamic response is so great that material damping must be taken into account in the analysis of experimental data. In order to facilitate research and application, the transformation relations of damping ratio and the damping factor which are known are given in this article. Based on this, obtains when determine simulated condition of model, may divide two stages to analyze, which are the model design stage and the model experiment stage, and obtained the response simulated condition.
Thirdly, through the application of similar conditions, the similar offshore platform model is designed using PVC materials, the structural design, platform’s stiffness and strength calculations are done, and the similar test for design data are studied. Through the similar test of data to draw that it meets similar conditions, which verify the design for the similar model is correct.
Fourthly, based on the design of similar model, the physical model of offshore platform’s similar model is constructed. The vibration mode experiment of similar model is done; the experimental system of vibration mode is developed. Taking into account the more model measuring points and to save the sensor, the experiment uses the method of multi-point vibration and single-point output measurement. The excitation by hammering, Encouraging signals and respond signals were picked up by forced sensors and accelerometers in experiment. In order to get the signal reliability higher, when excitation by hammering, rap each measuring point 4 times, get 4 data. When transfer function analysis we may carry on 4 averages. AZ016G collection boxes is used for data acquisition which is made in Nanjing Software Engineering Co., Ltd. CRAS V6.1 is used for data analysis, curve fitting and identify structure dynamic characteristic parameters include including natural frequency, mode and shape damping ratio.
Fifthly, in order to study the dynamic characteristics of offshore platform, distinguishes its modal parameters, including natural frequencies, vibration mode and the space damping ratio and so on. Carries on the analysis and processing to the vibration mode experimental data of offshore platform’s similar model.Compared the data of the experiment of similar model with those of the simulation of prototype, which can be better tally. These not only show the reliability of the experiment, but also prove the consistency of design and construction for offshore platform similar model. The experimental data error of similar model of offshore platform at the design, construction and experiment three aspects were analyzed.
Sixthly, in order to study the influence of the platform equipment's own vibration to the platform, the power response is studied. Obtains when exerts the excitation to the model, necessary to take into account three parameters, namely excitation force F, excitation frequencyωF, incentive duration t. Compared the data of the experiment of similar model with those of the simulation of prototype ,which can be better tally. The experimental data errors of similar model of offshore platform were analyzed.
In conclusion, the theoretical analysis, simulation analysis and experimental show that the design for similar model and prototype of offshore platform meet the similar conditions, establish the foundation of the next study. The damping control is applied to similar model, the vibration control of offshore platforms should do further study in the follow-up research.
第一,参照W12-1和其他的海洋平台,设计一个海洋储油平台,该平台由上、下两层甲板、四层水平面导管架、平台的六个竖向主导管和支撑组成。为使设计的海洋平台的稳定性更高,将平台设计为六边行框架结构。同时,为使设计的海洋平台满足使用要求,在材料的选择、平台储油量的设计、结构的设计、平台刚度和强度的设计上进行研究,并通过建立平台的三维模型,对其进行静力和动力的仿真分析。结果表明,所设计的海洋平台满足使用要求。
第二,进行相似模型设计研究。分析研究了海洋平台的各动力特性参数并重点研究了材料阻尼对相似模型设计及实验数据分析的影响,结果表明:材料阻尼对相似模型的几何尺寸没有影响,对模型的固有频率影响不大,因此可以忽略;对模型的动力响应影响较大。为方便研究应用,还给出已知阻尼比和阻尼系数时的转换关系。在此基础上,得出在确定模型的相似条件时,可分两阶段来分析即模型设计阶段和模型实验阶段,并得出了相应的相似条件。
第三,通过相似条件的应用,设计了采用PVC材料的海洋平台相似模型,对其进行结构的设计、平台刚度和强度的计算、以及各设计数据的相似检验。通过各数据的相似检验得出满足相似条件,验证了设计的相似模型的正确性。
第四,在设计的相似模型的基础上,建造了一个海洋平台相似模型的实物,进行海洋平台相似模型振动模态实验,制定了振动模态实验系统。考虑到模型测点较多,为节省传感器,实验采用多输入单输出的实验方法,即多点激振单点输出测量的方法。信号的激振采用锤击法,激励信号和响应信号将分别通过力传感器和加速度计拾取。为使所测得的信号的可靠性更高,采用力锤激振时在每个测点敲击4次,即采4块数据,以便在传递函数分析时可进行4次平均。采用南京安正软件工程有限公司的AZ016G采集箱进行数据采集,用CRAS V6.1进行数据分析、曲线拟合,识别出各阶模态频率、阻尼系数等结构特性参数。
第五,为了研究海洋平台的动态特性,识别出其模态参数,包括各阶固有频率、空间振型和阻尼比等,对海洋平台相似模型振动模态实验数据进行分析和处理。将相似模型的实验数据和原型的仿真数据进行对比分析,都能够较好的吻合,说明实验的可靠性,而且证明海洋平台相似模型设计和建造的一致性。并对海洋平台相似模型的实验数据的误差在相似模型设计中、建造中和实验中三个方面进行了分析。
第六,为了研究海洋平台上设备的自身振动对平台的影响,对海洋平台进行动力响应研究,得出对模型施加激振时,需要考虑三个参数的影响,即激振力F,激振频率ωF,激励持续时间t。将得出的实验结果和原型仿真结果对比分析,得出数据趋势基本吻合,并对海洋平台相似模型的实验数据的误差进行了分析。
总之,理论分析、仿真分析和实验研究表明,设计的海洋平台相似模型与原型满足相似条件,为下一步的研究奠定了基础。在后续研究中,将减振控制应用到相似模型上,对海洋平台的振动控制做进一步的研究。
The offshore platforms serviced in the offshore environments will subject to earthquakes, waves, wind, ice and the loads of machinery and equipment on the platform and will cause strong vibrations. Harmful vibration will affect human health, the equipment can not be normally used and cause the platform damage. Although the technical data needed can be obtained by the numerical computations, the reliability of the results is sometimes unsatisfactory since many assumptions or empirical data are used in the computations. Marine engineering is still agreed that the physical model experiment's result is most reliable, as the standards of the offshore platform’s design, construction. Therefore, the design, construction and the experiment of similar model appear especially important. Some researches on the offshore platform's vibration analysis and the similar model experiment, which is associated with a research project sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China. The major aspects of the research of the dissertation are shown as follows.
Firstly, with reference to W12-1 and other offshore platforms, designs an offshore platform for oil storage. This platform is composed of the upper deck and lower deck, four floors horizontal jackets, six vertical king posts and some supports. In order to design a higher stability of the marine platform, the design of the platform framework is six-line structure. At the same time, in order to enable the design of offshore platforms to meet the requirements of use, some researches on the materials selection, design of platform storage volume for oil, structural design, stiffness and strength of platform design, and through the establishment of three-dimensional model of the platform, the simulation analysis of static force and dynamic force are studied. The results show that the offshore platform designed to meet the requirements.
Secondly, the similar model design is studied. Study influence of material damping to the similar model design and experimental data analysis. The results show that material damping does not affect the geometry of similar model. Material damping has little effect on the natural frequency, so it can be ignored. But the influence of model’s dynamic response is so great that material damping must be taken into account in the analysis of experimental data. In order to facilitate research and application, the transformation relations of damping ratio and the damping factor which are known are given in this article. Based on this, obtains when determine simulated condition of model, may divide two stages to analyze, which are the model design stage and the model experiment stage, and obtained the response simulated condition.
Thirdly, through the application of similar conditions, the similar offshore platform model is designed using PVC materials, the structural design, platform’s stiffness and strength calculations are done, and the similar test for design data are studied. Through the similar test of data to draw that it meets similar conditions, which verify the design for the similar model is correct.
Fourthly, based on the design of similar model, the physical model of offshore platform’s similar model is constructed. The vibration mode experiment of similar model is done; the experimental system of vibration mode is developed. Taking into account the more model measuring points and to save the sensor, the experiment uses the method of multi-point vibration and single-point output measurement. The excitation by hammering, Encouraging signals and respond signals were picked up by forced sensors and accelerometers in experiment. In order to get the signal reliability higher, when excitation by hammering, rap each measuring point 4 times, get 4 data. When transfer function analysis we may carry on 4 averages. AZ016G collection boxes is used for data acquisition which is made in Nanjing Software Engineering Co., Ltd. CRAS V6.1 is used for data analysis, curve fitting and identify structure dynamic characteristic parameters include including natural frequency, mode and shape damping ratio.
Fifthly, in order to study the dynamic characteristics of offshore platform, distinguishes its modal parameters, including natural frequencies, vibration mode and the space damping ratio and so on. Carries on the analysis and processing to the vibration mode experimental data of offshore platform’s similar model.Compared the data of the experiment of similar model with those of the simulation of prototype, which can be better tally. These not only show the reliability of the experiment, but also prove the consistency of design and construction for offshore platform similar model. The experimental data error of similar model of offshore platform at the design, construction and experiment three aspects were analyzed.
Sixthly, in order to study the influence of the platform equipment's own vibration to the platform, the power response is studied. Obtains when exerts the excitation to the model, necessary to take into account three parameters, namely excitation force F, excitation frequencyωF, incentive duration t. Compared the data of the experiment of similar model with those of the simulation of prototype ,which can be better tally. The experimental data errors of similar model of offshore platform were analyzed.
In conclusion, the theoretical analysis, simulation analysis and experimental show that the design for similar model and prototype of offshore platform meet the similar conditions, establish the foundation of the next study. The damping control is applied to similar model, the vibration control of offshore platforms should do further study in the follow-up research.
引文
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