盐胁迫对不同冬小麦品种萌芽及幼苗的影响及其钙的缓解效应研究
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摘要
本研究选用高度抗盐小麦品种德抗961和济南17(当前山东省主推品种)为试验材料,在德州学院农学系实验室及温室内进行试验。研究了不同类型冬小麦品种在盐胁迫下萌芽和幼苗生长的生理响应,以及钙营养对不同类型冬小麦品种萌芽和幼苗盐胁迫伤害的缓解作用。探讨了盐胁迫下不同小麦基因型和不同的钙浓度对小麦发芽率、发芽时胚乳内淀粉酶活性、氨基酸含量和可溶性糖含量,幼苗渗透调节物质含量、抗衰老酶活性、过氧化产物含量和光合色素含量等的影响。主要结论如下:
1盐胁迫对不同冬小麦品种萌芽的影响
1%NaCl胁迫下,两个不同类型小麦品种的萌芽均受到抑制,表现在发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、初生根条数和芽长均有所下降。与此同时,小麦种子胚乳内可溶性糖含量上升,氨基酸含量和淀粉酶活性较对照下降。无论上升还是下降,高抗盐品种德抗961均较济南17变化幅度小。
2外源钙离子对盐胁迫下不同冬小麦品种萌发的影响
1%NaCl胁迫下加入外源钙,有利于两个不同类型的小麦品种种子发芽,不同程度地缓解了盐胁迫。外源钙的加入对济南17的缓解作用显著,而对抗盐品种德抗961缓解作用较小。钙浓度在0.1%-0.4%范围内,缓解作用随钙浓度的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势。在钙浓度为0.1%时对高抗盐品种德抗961的盐害缓解作用最强,对济南17则是在钙浓度为0.2%时缓解作用达最强。钙浓度达0.4%,二品种均表现为加重盐害。
3盐胁迫下对不同冬小麦品种幼苗的影响
1%NaCl胁迫对两个不同类型的小麦品种幼苗的生长都产生抑制作用。表现在幼苗的鲜重、干重和相对含水量均比对照下降,光合色素含量也表现低于对照;而渗透调节物质如可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸等含量均上升,过氧化产物丙二醛含量明显上升,抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均上升。无论上升还是下降,高抗盐品种德抗961较济南17变化幅度都小。说明德抗961对盐胁迫反应比济南17迟缓。
4外源钙离子对盐胁迫下不同冬小麦品种幼苗的影响
1%NaCl胁迫下加入外源钙,有利于两个不同类型的小麦品种幼苗的生长,能不同程度地缓解盐胁迫。外源钙的加入对济南17的缓解作用显著,而对抗盐品种德抗961缓解作用较小。表现在幼苗干鲜重增加,光合色素含量增加,渗透调节物质和丙二醛含量降低,抗氧化酶活性升高。钙浓度在0.1%-0.4%范围内,缓解作用随钙浓度的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势。对高抗盐品种德抗961而言,在钙浓度为0.1%时的缓解盐害作用最强,济南17则在钙浓度为0.2%时的缓解作用达最强。钙浓度达0.4%,二品种均表现为加重盐害。
5促进盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和盐碱地保苗的措施
选用耐盐品种,配合使用外源钙,根据品种抗盐性决定所用钙浓度。
The experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse of Agriculture Science Department of De Zhou University.Two different cultivars of winter wheat(DK961,high salt-tolerant;JN17) were tested. DK961 was a salt tolerant winter wheat cultivar and JN17 was a popular winter wheat variety demonstrated in Shandong Province.In this paper,the physiological response was studied to winter wheat varieties germination and seedling growth when different types of winter wheat varieties were under salt stress,And so the ameliorative effect of calcium nutrition on germination and seedling.
The effects of different wheat genotypes and calcium concentration when they were under salt stress was also explored.Such as effects on wheat germination rate,the endosperm amylase activity when germinating,amino acid content and soluble sugar content,osmotic adjustment substance content, anti-aging enzyme activity,peroxide content and photosynthetic pigment content,and so on.
The results indicated that:
1.The effect of salt stress to buds of different winter wheat varieties.
When under 1%NaCl stress,two different types of wheat germinating were inhibited,which showed in the germination rate,germination index, vitality index,the reduction on root number and length of bud.At the same time,the soluble sugar content in Wheat seed endosperm increased,while the amino acid content and amylase activity decreased.Whether rising or declining,the changing range of DK961(high salt-tolerant) was lower than that of JN17.
2.The effect of exogenous calcium on different buds of winter wheat varieties when under salt stress
Additional exogenous calcium was helpful to the germination and eased the salt stress when the two different types of wheat varieties were under salt stress.The additional exogenous calcium on JK17(popular winter wheat varieties) were more apparent than that on DK961.Calcium concentrations in the 0.1%-0.4%range,the ameliorative effect increased at first and then decreased with the increase of calcium concentration.The effect of calcium concentration of 0.1%was the strongest for DK961,while for JN17,calcium concentration of 0.2%was the strongest,Calcium concentrations of 0.4% added salt injury to all of the varieties.
3.The effect of salt stress on seedling of different winter wheat varieties
1%NaCl stress might inhibit the growth of two different types of wheat seedlings.Which showed in decrease on Seedlings fresh weight,dry weight and water content by standard,and so photosynthetic pigment content;while the content of osmotic adjustment soluble substances such as sugar,soluble proteins,free amino acids and proline increased,the content of peroxidation product as MDA increased greatly,and so the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide of dismutase,peroxidase,catalase activity increased. Whether rising or declining,the changing range for DK961 was lower than that for JN17,which showed that the reaction to salt stress for DK961 was slower than that for JN17.
4.The exogenous calcium on different seedlings of winter wheat varieties when under salt stress
Additional exogenous calcium was helpful to the seedling's growth and eased the salt stress when the two different types of wheat varieties were under salt stress.The ameliorative effect of additional exogenous calcium on JK17 (popular winter wheat varieties) was more apparent than that on DK961, which showed that the Seedlings fresh weight increased,and so the photosynthetic pigment content.The content of osmotic adjustment soluble substance and MDA(malondialchehyche) decreased,while the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased.Calcium concentrations in the 0.1%-0.4% range,the ameliorative effect increased at first and then decreased with the increasing of calcium concentration.The ameliorative effect of calcium concentration of 0.1%was the strongest for DK961,while for JN17,calcium concentration of 0.2%was the strongest,and Calcium concentrations of 0.4% added salt injury to all of the varieties.
5.The protect measures on germinating and seedlings in saline fields when wheat seeds were under salt stress.
We should choose salt-tolerant wheat varieties,with the use of exogenous calcium.The calcium concentration was decided by different salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
1盐胁迫对不同冬小麦品种萌芽的影响
1%NaCl胁迫下,两个不同类型小麦品种的萌芽均受到抑制,表现在发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、初生根条数和芽长均有所下降。与此同时,小麦种子胚乳内可溶性糖含量上升,氨基酸含量和淀粉酶活性较对照下降。无论上升还是下降,高抗盐品种德抗961均较济南17变化幅度小。
2外源钙离子对盐胁迫下不同冬小麦品种萌发的影响
1%NaCl胁迫下加入外源钙,有利于两个不同类型的小麦品种种子发芽,不同程度地缓解了盐胁迫。外源钙的加入对济南17的缓解作用显著,而对抗盐品种德抗961缓解作用较小。钙浓度在0.1%-0.4%范围内,缓解作用随钙浓度的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势。在钙浓度为0.1%时对高抗盐品种德抗961的盐害缓解作用最强,对济南17则是在钙浓度为0.2%时缓解作用达最强。钙浓度达0.4%,二品种均表现为加重盐害。
3盐胁迫下对不同冬小麦品种幼苗的影响
1%NaCl胁迫对两个不同类型的小麦品种幼苗的生长都产生抑制作用。表现在幼苗的鲜重、干重和相对含水量均比对照下降,光合色素含量也表现低于对照;而渗透调节物质如可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸等含量均上升,过氧化产物丙二醛含量明显上升,抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均上升。无论上升还是下降,高抗盐品种德抗961较济南17变化幅度都小。说明德抗961对盐胁迫反应比济南17迟缓。
4外源钙离子对盐胁迫下不同冬小麦品种幼苗的影响
1%NaCl胁迫下加入外源钙,有利于两个不同类型的小麦品种幼苗的生长,能不同程度地缓解盐胁迫。外源钙的加入对济南17的缓解作用显著,而对抗盐品种德抗961缓解作用较小。表现在幼苗干鲜重增加,光合色素含量增加,渗透调节物质和丙二醛含量降低,抗氧化酶活性升高。钙浓度在0.1%-0.4%范围内,缓解作用随钙浓度的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势。对高抗盐品种德抗961而言,在钙浓度为0.1%时的缓解盐害作用最强,济南17则在钙浓度为0.2%时的缓解作用达最强。钙浓度达0.4%,二品种均表现为加重盐害。
5促进盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和盐碱地保苗的措施
选用耐盐品种,配合使用外源钙,根据品种抗盐性决定所用钙浓度。
The experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse of Agriculture Science Department of De Zhou University.Two different cultivars of winter wheat(DK961,high salt-tolerant;JN17) were tested. DK961 was a salt tolerant winter wheat cultivar and JN17 was a popular winter wheat variety demonstrated in Shandong Province.In this paper,the physiological response was studied to winter wheat varieties germination and seedling growth when different types of winter wheat varieties were under salt stress,And so the ameliorative effect of calcium nutrition on germination and seedling.
The effects of different wheat genotypes and calcium concentration when they were under salt stress was also explored.Such as effects on wheat germination rate,the endosperm amylase activity when germinating,amino acid content and soluble sugar content,osmotic adjustment substance content, anti-aging enzyme activity,peroxide content and photosynthetic pigment content,and so on.
The results indicated that:
1.The effect of salt stress to buds of different winter wheat varieties.
When under 1%NaCl stress,two different types of wheat germinating were inhibited,which showed in the germination rate,germination index, vitality index,the reduction on root number and length of bud.At the same time,the soluble sugar content in Wheat seed endosperm increased,while the amino acid content and amylase activity decreased.Whether rising or declining,the changing range of DK961(high salt-tolerant) was lower than that of JN17.
2.The effect of exogenous calcium on different buds of winter wheat varieties when under salt stress
Additional exogenous calcium was helpful to the germination and eased the salt stress when the two different types of wheat varieties were under salt stress.The additional exogenous calcium on JK17(popular winter wheat varieties) were more apparent than that on DK961.Calcium concentrations in the 0.1%-0.4%range,the ameliorative effect increased at first and then decreased with the increase of calcium concentration.The effect of calcium concentration of 0.1%was the strongest for DK961,while for JN17,calcium concentration of 0.2%was the strongest,Calcium concentrations of 0.4% added salt injury to all of the varieties.
3.The effect of salt stress on seedling of different winter wheat varieties
1%NaCl stress might inhibit the growth of two different types of wheat seedlings.Which showed in decrease on Seedlings fresh weight,dry weight and water content by standard,and so photosynthetic pigment content;while the content of osmotic adjustment soluble substances such as sugar,soluble proteins,free amino acids and proline increased,the content of peroxidation product as MDA increased greatly,and so the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide of dismutase,peroxidase,catalase activity increased. Whether rising or declining,the changing range for DK961 was lower than that for JN17,which showed that the reaction to salt stress for DK961 was slower than that for JN17.
4.The exogenous calcium on different seedlings of winter wheat varieties when under salt stress
Additional exogenous calcium was helpful to the seedling's growth and eased the salt stress when the two different types of wheat varieties were under salt stress.The ameliorative effect of additional exogenous calcium on JK17 (popular winter wheat varieties) was more apparent than that on DK961, which showed that the Seedlings fresh weight increased,and so the photosynthetic pigment content.The content of osmotic adjustment soluble substance and MDA(malondialchehyche) decreased,while the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased.Calcium concentrations in the 0.1%-0.4% range,the ameliorative effect increased at first and then decreased with the increasing of calcium concentration.The ameliorative effect of calcium concentration of 0.1%was the strongest for DK961,while for JN17,calcium concentration of 0.2%was the strongest,and Calcium concentrations of 0.4% added salt injury to all of the varieties.
5.The protect measures on germinating and seedlings in saline fields when wheat seeds were under salt stress.
We should choose salt-tolerant wheat varieties,with the use of exogenous calcium.The calcium concentration was decided by different salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
引文
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64 朱新广,王强,张其德,等.在盐胁迫下光抑制及其恢复进程对冬小麦光合功能的影响.植物学报,2001,43(12):120-125
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67 Blatt MR,Grabov A,Signalling gates in abscisic acid - mediated control of guard cell ion channels.Physiol Plant,1997,100:481-490。
68 Bowler C,Van Montagu C,Inze D.Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance.Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,1992,43:83-116
69 Brambl R,Gade W.Plant Physiol,1985,64:402
70 Caley CY,Duffus CM,Jeffcoat B.Effects of elevated temperature and reduced water uptake on enzymes of starch synthesis in developing wheat grains.Aust J Plant Physiol.1990,17:431-439
71 Canned RQ,Belford RK,Gales K et al.Effects of water logging at different stages of development on the growth and yield of winter wheat.J Sci.Food Agric.1980,31:117-124
72 Cramer GR.Displacement of Ca~(2+) and Na~+ form the plasmalemma of rottcells.Plant Physiol,1985,79:207-211
73 Cheeseman JM.Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants,Plant Physiol.1988,117:547-550
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