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集装箱多式联运物流安全管理及应急决策支持系统研究
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摘要
多种运输方式联合是综合运输发展的方向,集装箱多式联运(Multimodal Transport)的特点在于利用集装箱进行新式的运输组织方式,采用海、陆、空等两种以上运输手段,完成区域间的连贯货物运输。综合物流化是集装箱多式联运的发展趋势。如果说物流被誉为企业的“第三利润源”,安全就应该成为“第四利润源”,安全是多式联运物流系统赖以顺利发展的保障。
     因为集装箱多式联运物流服务的环节多,运距长,不测因素多,极易发生各种事故,因而急需一套完善的安全管理技术及保障体系。
     本研究结合物流和安全管理理论,针对集装箱多式联运物流过程中存在的安全问题进行深入分析,找出影响集装箱多式联运物流安全的因素,建立了安全保障体系,健全了安全管理机制,提出了安全保障措施。在此基础上研究了相关的安全管理理论,设计开发了基于GPS+GIS的可视化集装箱多式联运物流监控系统,研究设计了预警管理信息技术、应急决策支持技术。
     在安全管理理论方面,突破传统仅从运输时间、运输成本、运输效益等某一方面考虑的路径选择的局限,建立基于安全、成本、时间整体最优的联运路径选择及方案选择模型,为联运方式及方案的确定提供理论依据;突破传统的AHP方法建立了基于三标度法进行优选决策的联运物流安全评价体系和方法,简单实用,以增强决策的科学性,为集装箱多式联运物流安全管理和奠定理论基础。
     基于预防和事故减免的集装箱多式联运物流安全预警管理技术,包括预警监控、预警分析、预警管理技术。论文结合多式联运物流安全状况及影响因素,构建了相应的预警管理结构体系,建立了预警安全评价体系,开发设计了预警管理信息系统,该系统可根据实时监测影响集装箱多式联运物流安全的指标进行统计分析,根据已设定的预警限值,实现报警功能。
     联运中的集装箱,应用GPS技术可以对联运中每一个环节进行动态定位。在联运物流中的每一个静止场地,利用射频技术、视频技术,可监控集装箱及货物的状态、位置等信息,整个运输过程中可利用GPS系统进行追踪监控,并结合GIS技术、先进的通信技术,实现全程可视化监控,一旦出现危机状况系统可自动连接应急指挥中心,尽快赶赴事故地点进行事故救援。基于GPS+GIS的全程监控系统操作方便灵活,运行可靠,可扩展性强。
     在前期管理的基础上,将所有监控数据相匹配,采用Microsoft SQL Server2000作为核心建立应急决策支持系统。系统的组成包括三个方面:一是建立应急组织机构,以便及时进行救援指挥、协调;二是信息管理,包括对历史事故统计分析和信息管理;三是为危机管理提供不同程度不同类型,保证物流过程安全的演练培训和准备,建立应急预案及救援评估系统,主要对影响安全因素进行事先预测做出相关措施进行防范,即应急对策库,并不断进行补充和完善。
     最后运用协调论和控制论的原理和方法建立了集装箱多式联运整个物流链安全管理系统及保障机制,以完善管理体系,有效保证物流每个环节的安全。
     研究能够有效保障集装箱多式联运整个物流链的安全,促进集装箱多式联运物流的无缝链接,安全、顺畅、高效发展。
The direction of the development of integrated transport is consistent transport on variety oftransport, The character of Multimodal Transport is the transport organization by the newcontainers, The use of the sea, road and waited in vain for two or more means of transport tocomplete the inter-regional The coherent transport of goods.
     The development trend of Multimodal Transport is integrated logistics container. integratedlogistics management will be an important support. If the logistics enterprise known as "the thirdprofit source" security will be able to achieve the "fourth profit source," security is a multimodallogistics system survival of the soil.
     because many links, long distance, unexpected factors and more prone to all kinds ofaccidents for Multimodal Transport. So it needs a set of perfect security management technologyand security system.
     This study include the theory of logistics management and security management system forintermodal logistics process of the safety issues in-depth analysis to identify the impact ofintermodal logistics and safety factors, the establishment of a security system, improve the safetymanagement system proposed security measures. Based on this study the relevant safetymanagement theory, design and development of GPS+GIS-based visualization of intermodallogistics monitoring system designed to alert management of information technology, emergencyresponse decision support system Technology.
     In the safety management theory: a breakthrough from the traditional transport time only,transportation costs, transport efficiency into account the limitations of path selection, theestablishment of time-based, cost, safety of transport overall optimal path selection and programselection model, and the program for the intermodal provide a theoretical basis to determine;break through the traditional AHP method scale was established based on three preferred methodof transport logistics and security policy evaluation system and method, simple and practical, toenhance scientific decision-making, intermodal logistics and security management for containermanagement and early warning to lay theoretical basis.
     Based on Multimodal Transport of accident prevention and safety to avoid the, includingearly warning early warning surveillance, early warning analysis and alarm technology. The studyof Multimodal Transport at intermodal logistics and security factors, build early-warningmanagement structure of the corresponding system, the establishment of early warning system forsafety evaluation, development and design of early warning management information system,which according to the real-time monitoring of intermodal logistics security indicators forstatistical analysis, according to the configured warning limit, an alarm function.
     The use of GPS technology a Multimodal Transport can dynamic positioning of every aspect of transport.While in the transport logistics of each static field using radio frequency technology,video technology can monitor the status of containers and cargo, location and other information,combined with camera technology, GIS technology, advanced communications technology, visualmonitoring, once a crisis situation the system automatically connects the emergency commandcenter, site of the accident as soon as the accident rushed to the rescue. Based on the GPS+GISmonitoring system of the whole process is easy to operate.
     In the early management based on monitoring data all the matches, Use the Computerlanguage of Microsoft SQL Server2000as a core to build emergency decision support system.System consists of three aspects: First, the establishment of emergency response organizations inorder to coordinating the Organization; second, information management, including statisticalanalysis of historical accident and information management; third is to provide different levels ofcrisis management of different types, to ensure logistics process safety training and drills toprepare the establishment of contingency plans and rescue assessment system, the main factorsaffecting the safety-related measures to predict in advance to make preparedness, emergencyresponse that library, and continue to supplement and complete.
     Finally,using the coordination theory and control theory and method to establish the safetymanagement system and security mechanism of the container multimodal transport wholelogistics chain, to improve the management system, effectively ensure the safety of every link oflogistics.
     The Study can effectively protect the set of intermodal container security of the entirelogistics chain, to promote intermodal logistics of seamless link, safe, smooth, efficientdevelopment.
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