基于ArcEngine的环境污染事故应急信息系统研究
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摘要
环境应急系统是环境风险管理的重要技术基础。研究基于GIS的环境污染事故应急信息系统具有很大现实意义。
本研究在Visual C#.NET2005语言开发平台下,运用2006年最新出的ArcGIS Engnine9.2版COMGIS组件和微软SQL Server2005数据库技术,选择较为通用的环境风险评价数学模型,以佛山市为案例,进行了环境污染事故应急信息系统的应用开发。
在对系统进行需求分析的基础上,确定了系统的主要功能。采用了三层C/S(Client/Server)的逻辑架构,进行污染应急信息系统的总体设计,确定了图层管理、危险源管理、应急人员管理、预测分析等6个功能模块。并进一步重点对环境应急数据库和预测分析模块进行了详细设计。
建立了包括危险源、应急人员和危险品属性等多个子库的环境应急数据库。具体应用ADO.NET技术对数据库进一步开发,采用Shapefile文件存储空间数据和SQL Server数据库存储属性数据相结合的方式进行管理。在预测分析模块实现中,选用水、大气污染扩散模型和爆炸模型进行事故影响预测计算,并采用迪杰斯特拉(Dijkstra)算法求取几何网络中两点间的最短路线,以实现事故救援的最短路径分析。
该系统较好的实现了包括鹰眼、距离和面积测量、元素选择、基于属性或位置的多途径查询方式、点线面地图编辑、图形输出等在内的地图操作功能。系统操作简便,能够迅速且准确定位事故发生地点并使工作人员快速、准确地做出事故应急处理决策。
通过本次开发,探讨了ArcEngnine的COMGIS组件与Vusial C#.NET平台相结合的开发手段以及SQL Server技术在环境事故应急信息系统开发中的应用,为环境事故应急信息系统的建设进行了有益的探索。
Emergency System of environment is the important technique basis of environmental risk management.The Study of GIS-Based Emergeney Information System of Environme- ntal pollution accidents has great practical significance.
Taking Foshan City as a study sample ,Emergeney Information System of Environmental pollution accidents, accomplished by applying secondary development component of ArcGIS Engine and Database Technology of Microsoft SQL Server2005 ,c- ombined with Risk Evaluation Model of Environment, is developed in(Base on )the developed platform of Visual C#.NET2005.
Based on the system demand analysis, main functions of the system are established. Using logic structure with 3-tier C/S model, an overview design of Emergency Information System of Accidental Environment Pollution is made, including six function modules of layer management, hazard management, emergence personnel management, prediction analysis, and so on. Subsequently, the emergency database of Environmental accidents and function modules of prediction analysis is designed in detail.
The emergency database is designed, including several sub-database of dangerous source database, emergence personnel database, dangerous chemicals database. Aapplying ADO.NET database technology, the database is further developed The data is managed through Shapefile files which store spatial data and Database of SQL Server which store the attribute data.In the prediction analysis module, water and atmospheric pollution diffusion model and explosion model were adopted in the influence prediction and prediction aiming at accidents. Shortest path analysis is implemented by applying Dijkstra arithmetic to search the shortest path between two points in Geometric Network. Finally, Shortest path analysis is applied to find shortest path in accident rescue.
The system has carried out most of the map operation functions of GIS software, such as eagle eye, distance or area measurement, elements selection,attribute-based andlocation-based query in many ways., point, line and plane-based editing etc. The system that has simple operation is helpful to find accidents scene the actually and exactly when Accidents taking place and take measures to handling accidents.
Through developing Emergeney Information System, this paper discusses development means that the Combination COM Component of ArcGIS Engnine and platform of Visual C#.NET and SQL Server technique which have been applied in Development of Emergency Information System of Accidental Environment Pollution. It has made a useful exploration on construction of Environmental Emergency System.
本研究在Visual C#.NET2005语言开发平台下,运用2006年最新出的ArcGIS Engnine9.2版COMGIS组件和微软SQL Server2005数据库技术,选择较为通用的环境风险评价数学模型,以佛山市为案例,进行了环境污染事故应急信息系统的应用开发。
在对系统进行需求分析的基础上,确定了系统的主要功能。采用了三层C/S(Client/Server)的逻辑架构,进行污染应急信息系统的总体设计,确定了图层管理、危险源管理、应急人员管理、预测分析等6个功能模块。并进一步重点对环境应急数据库和预测分析模块进行了详细设计。
建立了包括危险源、应急人员和危险品属性等多个子库的环境应急数据库。具体应用ADO.NET技术对数据库进一步开发,采用Shapefile文件存储空间数据和SQL Server数据库存储属性数据相结合的方式进行管理。在预测分析模块实现中,选用水、大气污染扩散模型和爆炸模型进行事故影响预测计算,并采用迪杰斯特拉(Dijkstra)算法求取几何网络中两点间的最短路线,以实现事故救援的最短路径分析。
该系统较好的实现了包括鹰眼、距离和面积测量、元素选择、基于属性或位置的多途径查询方式、点线面地图编辑、图形输出等在内的地图操作功能。系统操作简便,能够迅速且准确定位事故发生地点并使工作人员快速、准确地做出事故应急处理决策。
通过本次开发,探讨了ArcEngnine的COMGIS组件与Vusial C#.NET平台相结合的开发手段以及SQL Server技术在环境事故应急信息系统开发中的应用,为环境事故应急信息系统的建设进行了有益的探索。
Emergency System of environment is the important technique basis of environmental risk management.The Study of GIS-Based Emergeney Information System of Environme- ntal pollution accidents has great practical significance.
Taking Foshan City as a study sample ,Emergeney Information System of Environmental pollution accidents, accomplished by applying secondary development component of ArcGIS Engine and Database Technology of Microsoft SQL Server2005 ,c- ombined with Risk Evaluation Model of Environment, is developed in(Base on )the developed platform of Visual C#.NET2005.
Based on the system demand analysis, main functions of the system are established. Using logic structure with 3-tier C/S model, an overview design of Emergency Information System of Accidental Environment Pollution is made, including six function modules of layer management, hazard management, emergence personnel management, prediction analysis, and so on. Subsequently, the emergency database of Environmental accidents and function modules of prediction analysis is designed in detail.
The emergency database is designed, including several sub-database of dangerous source database, emergence personnel database, dangerous chemicals database. Aapplying ADO.NET database technology, the database is further developed The data is managed through Shapefile files which store spatial data and Database of SQL Server which store the attribute data.In the prediction analysis module, water and atmospheric pollution diffusion model and explosion model were adopted in the influence prediction and prediction aiming at accidents. Shortest path analysis is implemented by applying Dijkstra arithmetic to search the shortest path between two points in Geometric Network. Finally, Shortest path analysis is applied to find shortest path in accident rescue.
The system has carried out most of the map operation functions of GIS software, such as eagle eye, distance or area measurement, elements selection,attribute-based andlocation-based query in many ways., point, line and plane-based editing etc. The system that has simple operation is helpful to find accidents scene the actually and exactly when Accidents taking place and take measures to handling accidents.
Through developing Emergeney Information System, this paper discusses development means that the Combination COM Component of ArcGIS Engnine and platform of Visual C#.NET and SQL Server technique which have been applied in Development of Emergency Information System of Accidental Environment Pollution. It has made a useful exploration on construction of Environmental Emergency System.
引文
[1]邱仁荣基于GIS的城市级突发环境灾害应急系统设计与实现[J] 2007,5期:144
[2]方裕,周成虎,景贵飞等.第四代GIS软件研究[J].中国图像图形学报,2001,6(9):817~823.
[3]龚敏霞,闾国年.智能化空间决策支持模型库及其支持下GIS与应用分析模型的集成[J].地球信息科学,2002,4(1):91~97.
[4]叶文虎.环境管理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:34~35
[5]蒋波涛. ArcObjects开发基础与技巧[M].湖北:武汉大学出版社,2006
[6]重庆市环境保护局.重庆市环境保护信息化“十一五”规划.2004, 12
[7]汪立忠,陈正夫.突发性污染事故风险管理进展[J].环境科学进展,1998, 6 (3) :14-23.
[8] Burnett, R. A. Use of GIS in the Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS).美国联邦应急管理署网站,http://www. fema. gov
[9] ESRI. Exploring ArcObjecls. California. 2002: 204~225
[10] Hongcheng Zeng, Ari Talkkari. A GIS-based decision support system for risk assessment of wind damage in forest management. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2007, 22(9): 1240~1249
[11] Francesca Riolo. A geographic information system for fisheries management in American Samoa. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2006, 21(7): 1025~1041
[12] Alan Ager , Bernhard Bahro, Mark Finney. Automating fireshed assessments and analyzing wildfire risk with ArcObjects and ArcGIS. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 234(11): 215
[13] D. Stevens, S. Dragicevic, K. Rothley. iCity: A GIS–CA modelling tool for urban planning and decision making. Environmental Modelling &Software, 2007, 22(6): 761~773
[14] D. A. Hughes and D. A. Forsytha. A generic database and spatial interface for the application of hydrological and water resource models. Computers & Geosciences, 2006, 32(9): 1389~1402
[15]刘伟,郭俊.基于VB+MO贵阳市区域综合GIS应用系统开发.城市勘测, 2007, 01: 55~58
[16]孙美萍,顾海霞.基于MapObjects的陕西省公路路况信息服务系统设计与开发.中国科技信息, 2007, 02: 96~98
[17]张俊峰,何政伟等.基于ArcEngine开发天山公路选线决策支持系统.公路,2007,4:24~26
[18]田波、周云轩等.基于.NET和ArcGIS Engine开发上海市滩涂资源管理系统.计算机工程与应用,2007,43(14):184-187
[19]高艳强,杨文强.基于MapX的野生动物源管理信息系统.微计算机信息, 2007, 03: 19~20
[20]高伟,李功权,胡海龙.基于GIS的荆州市水利信息系统的设计与实现.地理空间信息, 2007, 15(02): 71~74
[21]戚文云,刘惠德,郭向坤.基于GIS的矿山水文地质信息管理系统的研究.矿业快报, 2007, 03: 45~47
[22]谢松. GIS数字校园的关键技术及原则.科技广场, 2006, 08: 41~43
[23]谢海永,赵保华. Visual Basic中的界面设计原则和编程技巧[J],计算机世界报,1997(15)
[24]张艳.基于_NET平台和ArcGISEngine的土地利用规划信息系统的研究与开发[D],合肥:合肥工业大学硕士学位论文2007年6月
[25]蒋波涛. ArcObjects开发基础与技巧[M].湖北:武汉大学出版社,2006
[26] Karimi H.A.,Houston B.H.EvaIuation Strategies for Integrating Environ- mental Models with GIS: Current Trends and Future Needs[J].Computers,Enviro- ment and Urban Systems,1996,20(6):413~425
[27] Sui D.Z.,Maggio R.C..Integrating GIS with Hydrological Modeling:Pra- ctices,Problems and Prospects Computers[J].Environmental and Ubran Systems, 1999, 23(1):33~37
[28] Tatiana Hemandez,Mahomod Nachabe,Mark Ross,Jaynatha Obeysekera. Modeling runoff from variable source areas in humid,shallow water table environments[J].Journal of American Water Resources Association,2003,39 (1):75~86
[29] Morgan Bjorkander, Telelogic AB. Graphical Programming Using UML and SDL. Computer, 2000 , 04: 30~34.
[30]刘有源,黄新明,陈定方,等.Kiwi数据格式在导航系统中的应用研究[J]计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003 15 (4 ): 503~508
[31] ESRI. ESRI Shapefile Technical Description, An ESRI White Paper , 1998
[32]潘金贵.顾铁成.等.现代计算机常用数据结构和算法[M].南京:南京大学出版社.2002
[33]王秀斌GIS网络分析中最短路径的实现[J]测绘科学2007年9月:53~56
[34] HarterG.L.An Integrated GIS Solutionfor Estimating Transportation Infrastructure Needs[J].Transportation Research Record,1998,(1617):50~55.
[35]黄伟为,万义玲.公路网最佳路径算法的研究[ J].南昌大学学报(工科版),2001,(1):48 51.
[36]程志华,刘小勇基于GIS的城市路网拓扑关系的自动建立及最短路径分析[J]新疆农业大学学报2007,30(2):77~80
[37]陆雍森.环境评价.第2版.上海:同济大学出版社, 1999: 272~273
[38]宇德明.易爆、有毒危险品储运过程定量风险评价.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2000: 60
[39] Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Guideline for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud, Explosion,Flash Fires, and BLEVE [M]. New York: RICHE,1997.157~242,285~335.
[40]马世海.液化石油气罐区危险性模拟评价及预防措施[J].中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证,2004, 1, 17~20
[41]邢志祥,蒋军成.火灾环境下液化石油气储罐响应规律研究进展[J].石油化工设备,2004, 33(1),46~49.
[42] TNO. Methods for the calculation of physical effects of escape of dangerousmaterials [M]. Yellow Book Committee for the Prevention of Disasters, Voorburg, Netherlands, 1992.
[43]陈国华.风险工程学.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.6: 177~178
[44]蒋成军,郭振龙.工业装置安全卫生预评价方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[2]方裕,周成虎,景贵飞等.第四代GIS软件研究[J].中国图像图形学报,2001,6(9):817~823.
[3]龚敏霞,闾国年.智能化空间决策支持模型库及其支持下GIS与应用分析模型的集成[J].地球信息科学,2002,4(1):91~97.
[4]叶文虎.环境管理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:34~35
[5]蒋波涛. ArcObjects开发基础与技巧[M].湖北:武汉大学出版社,2006
[6]重庆市环境保护局.重庆市环境保护信息化“十一五”规划.2004, 12
[7]汪立忠,陈正夫.突发性污染事故风险管理进展[J].环境科学进展,1998, 6 (3) :14-23.
[8] Burnett, R. A. Use of GIS in the Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS).美国联邦应急管理署网站,http://www. fema. gov
[9] ESRI. Exploring ArcObjecls. California. 2002: 204~225
[10] Hongcheng Zeng, Ari Talkkari. A GIS-based decision support system for risk assessment of wind damage in forest management. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2007, 22(9): 1240~1249
[11] Francesca Riolo. A geographic information system for fisheries management in American Samoa. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2006, 21(7): 1025~1041
[12] Alan Ager , Bernhard Bahro, Mark Finney. Automating fireshed assessments and analyzing wildfire risk with ArcObjects and ArcGIS. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 234(11): 215
[13] D. Stevens, S. Dragicevic, K. Rothley. iCity: A GIS–CA modelling tool for urban planning and decision making. Environmental Modelling &Software, 2007, 22(6): 761~773
[14] D. A. Hughes and D. A. Forsytha. A generic database and spatial interface for the application of hydrological and water resource models. Computers & Geosciences, 2006, 32(9): 1389~1402
[15]刘伟,郭俊.基于VB+MO贵阳市区域综合GIS应用系统开发.城市勘测, 2007, 01: 55~58
[16]孙美萍,顾海霞.基于MapObjects的陕西省公路路况信息服务系统设计与开发.中国科技信息, 2007, 02: 96~98
[17]张俊峰,何政伟等.基于ArcEngine开发天山公路选线决策支持系统.公路,2007,4:24~26
[18]田波、周云轩等.基于.NET和ArcGIS Engine开发上海市滩涂资源管理系统.计算机工程与应用,2007,43(14):184-187
[19]高艳强,杨文强.基于MapX的野生动物源管理信息系统.微计算机信息, 2007, 03: 19~20
[20]高伟,李功权,胡海龙.基于GIS的荆州市水利信息系统的设计与实现.地理空间信息, 2007, 15(02): 71~74
[21]戚文云,刘惠德,郭向坤.基于GIS的矿山水文地质信息管理系统的研究.矿业快报, 2007, 03: 45~47
[22]谢松. GIS数字校园的关键技术及原则.科技广场, 2006, 08: 41~43
[23]谢海永,赵保华. Visual Basic中的界面设计原则和编程技巧[J],计算机世界报,1997(15)
[24]张艳.基于_NET平台和ArcGISEngine的土地利用规划信息系统的研究与开发[D],合肥:合肥工业大学硕士学位论文2007年6月
[25]蒋波涛. ArcObjects开发基础与技巧[M].湖北:武汉大学出版社,2006
[26] Karimi H.A.,Houston B.H.EvaIuation Strategies for Integrating Environ- mental Models with GIS: Current Trends and Future Needs[J].Computers,Enviro- ment and Urban Systems,1996,20(6):413~425
[27] Sui D.Z.,Maggio R.C..Integrating GIS with Hydrological Modeling:Pra- ctices,Problems and Prospects Computers[J].Environmental and Ubran Systems, 1999, 23(1):33~37
[28] Tatiana Hemandez,Mahomod Nachabe,Mark Ross,Jaynatha Obeysekera. Modeling runoff from variable source areas in humid,shallow water table environments[J].Journal of American Water Resources Association,2003,39 (1):75~86
[29] Morgan Bjorkander, Telelogic AB. Graphical Programming Using UML and SDL. Computer, 2000 , 04: 30~34.
[30]刘有源,黄新明,陈定方,等.Kiwi数据格式在导航系统中的应用研究[J]计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003 15 (4 ): 503~508
[31] ESRI. ESRI Shapefile Technical Description, An ESRI White Paper , 1998
[32]潘金贵.顾铁成.等.现代计算机常用数据结构和算法[M].南京:南京大学出版社.2002
[33]王秀斌GIS网络分析中最短路径的实现[J]测绘科学2007年9月:53~56
[34] HarterG.L.An Integrated GIS Solutionfor Estimating Transportation Infrastructure Needs[J].Transportation Research Record,1998,(1617):50~55.
[35]黄伟为,万义玲.公路网最佳路径算法的研究[ J].南昌大学学报(工科版),2001,(1):48 51.
[36]程志华,刘小勇基于GIS的城市路网拓扑关系的自动建立及最短路径分析[J]新疆农业大学学报2007,30(2):77~80
[37]陆雍森.环境评价.第2版.上海:同济大学出版社, 1999: 272~273
[38]宇德明.易爆、有毒危险品储运过程定量风险评价.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2000: 60
[39] Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Guideline for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud, Explosion,Flash Fires, and BLEVE [M]. New York: RICHE,1997.157~242,285~335.
[40]马世海.液化石油气罐区危险性模拟评价及预防措施[J].中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证,2004, 1, 17~20
[41]邢志祥,蒋军成.火灾环境下液化石油气储罐响应规律研究进展[J].石油化工设备,2004, 33(1),46~49.
[42] TNO. Methods for the calculation of physical effects of escape of dangerousmaterials [M]. Yellow Book Committee for the Prevention of Disasters, Voorburg, Netherlands, 1992.
[43]陈国华.风险工程学.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.6: 177~178
[44]蒋成军,郭振龙.工业装置安全卫生预评价方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.