给水管网改扩建决策支持的数据库的初步研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展、城市的扩大、用水量的增加、用水普及率的提高,各城市都面临着给水管网系统改扩建问题。由于给水管网投资大、管理费用高,合理的进行管网改扩建不仅能够丰富和完善管网设计内容,而且对于降低工程投资和提高新技术应用水平都具有重要的现实意义。
给水管网改扩建的用水量预测方法和数学优化模型已经研究多年,然而目前给水管网优化模型所依托的数据库研究还未受到重视。决策者在给水管网改扩建方案比较时,用多种优化模型和多个用水量预测方法进行比较分析更为科学。所以这时,数据库的设计的合理性就显得尤为重要起来。
本文对给水管网水力模型EPANET软件所需的数据库的结构特点、应用需求进行了深入的分析和研究。之后,利用基于关系模型的数据库建模方法E—R(Entity-Relation)模型对给水管网属性数据进行数据库结构的建模。属性数据被统一存储在ACCESS数据库中;使用ArcGIS的Geodatabase(空间数据模型),空间数据亦存储在ACCESS数据库中。借此,完善了给水管网空间数据和属性数据的存储、动态更新、查询以及属性数据与空间数据的互访,为给水管网改扩建决策中的各种数学模型提供了有力的数据支持。
给水管网改扩建决策支持的数据库架构为工程—方案—实体—属性。其主体机制为方案继承:即子方案既拥有父方案所有的数据和操作,又拥有自身的数据和操作。方案继承机制改变了以往用于改扩建决策支持的数据库的弊端,更为改扩建决策支持提供了良好的数据存储环境。
最后应用系统工程和软件工程的原理和方法,以本文研究的数据库和ArcGIS为支撑,使用EPANET水力模型协助给水管网改扩建,使其更具有科学性、规范性、准确性和可操作性。
With the development of economic, expanding of city, increasing of demand and the advancing of water extension, the huge investment and management cost. Optimal rehabilitation technology not only can enrich pipe network design content, but also enhance the application level of new technology, all of these have the important practical significance.
Water consumption demand forecasting methods and mathematical optimization model involved in water distribution network had been studied for many years. At present, database study used in mathematical model had not been taken seriously. It was more scientific for the decision-makers to use a variety of mathematical models and forecasting methods for analysis when comparing water supply network establish and expanding project. Therefore, the rationality of database design was particularly important.
In this thesis, deeply analyzed and researched the structure of database and application demand which apply in EPANET software. Constituted water distribution network database model based on relational model E-R (Entity-Relation). Data of attribute was unified stored in ACCESS database, and spatial data was stored in ACCESS using with Geodatabase in ArcGIS. With these methods, the storage, dynamic update, queries and inter-linkage between spatial data of water supply network and attribute data were improved. It provided strongly data support for various mathematical models in water supply network rehabilitation & development decision-making.
The database structure of water supply network rehabilitation & development was project-scenario-alternatives-attributes. Its main mechanism for the database was inherit, that was, the sub-scenario inherited the father scenario and it had all the data and operations of the father scenario as well as its own data and operations. Inheritance mechanism changed the drawbacks of previous database using in decision-making, and it also provided an excellent data storage environment for rehabilitation & development decision making.
Finally, based on the principles and methods of system engineering and software engineering, supported by database researched in this thesis and ArcGIS, used with EPANET hydraulic model, make water supply network rehabilitation & development much more scientific, standardized, accurate and maneuverable.
给水管网改扩建的用水量预测方法和数学优化模型已经研究多年,然而目前给水管网优化模型所依托的数据库研究还未受到重视。决策者在给水管网改扩建方案比较时,用多种优化模型和多个用水量预测方法进行比较分析更为科学。所以这时,数据库的设计的合理性就显得尤为重要起来。
本文对给水管网水力模型EPANET软件所需的数据库的结构特点、应用需求进行了深入的分析和研究。之后,利用基于关系模型的数据库建模方法E—R(Entity-Relation)模型对给水管网属性数据进行数据库结构的建模。属性数据被统一存储在ACCESS数据库中;使用ArcGIS的Geodatabase(空间数据模型),空间数据亦存储在ACCESS数据库中。借此,完善了给水管网空间数据和属性数据的存储、动态更新、查询以及属性数据与空间数据的互访,为给水管网改扩建决策中的各种数学模型提供了有力的数据支持。
给水管网改扩建决策支持的数据库架构为工程—方案—实体—属性。其主体机制为方案继承:即子方案既拥有父方案所有的数据和操作,又拥有自身的数据和操作。方案继承机制改变了以往用于改扩建决策支持的数据库的弊端,更为改扩建决策支持提供了良好的数据存储环境。
最后应用系统工程和软件工程的原理和方法,以本文研究的数据库和ArcGIS为支撑,使用EPANET水力模型协助给水管网改扩建,使其更具有科学性、规范性、准确性和可操作性。
With the development of economic, expanding of city, increasing of demand and the advancing of water extension, the huge investment and management cost. Optimal rehabilitation technology not only can enrich pipe network design content, but also enhance the application level of new technology, all of these have the important practical significance.
Water consumption demand forecasting methods and mathematical optimization model involved in water distribution network had been studied for many years. At present, database study used in mathematical model had not been taken seriously. It was more scientific for the decision-makers to use a variety of mathematical models and forecasting methods for analysis when comparing water supply network establish and expanding project. Therefore, the rationality of database design was particularly important.
In this thesis, deeply analyzed and researched the structure of database and application demand which apply in EPANET software. Constituted water distribution network database model based on relational model E-R (Entity-Relation). Data of attribute was unified stored in ACCESS database, and spatial data was stored in ACCESS using with Geodatabase in ArcGIS. With these methods, the storage, dynamic update, queries and inter-linkage between spatial data of water supply network and attribute data were improved. It provided strongly data support for various mathematical models in water supply network rehabilitation & development decision-making.
The database structure of water supply network rehabilitation & development was project-scenario-alternatives-attributes. Its main mechanism for the database was inherit, that was, the sub-scenario inherited the father scenario and it had all the data and operations of the father scenario as well as its own data and operations. Inheritance mechanism changed the drawbacks of previous database using in decision-making, and it also provided an excellent data storage environment for rehabilitation & development decision making.
Finally, based on the principles and methods of system engineering and software engineering, supported by database researched in this thesis and ArcGIS, used with EPANET hydraulic model, make water supply network rehabilitation & development much more scientific, standardized, accurate and maneuverable.
引文
1 严熙世,.赵洪宾.给水管网系统理论与分析.中国建筑工业出版社.2003年9月
2 魏炜,贾海峰,苏保林.水力平差模型在供水规划中的应用.2006年4月
3 Lewis A.Rossman.EPANET2 Users Manual.September 2000
4 袁一星.城市给水管网工况模拟技术及其应用的研究.2005年4月
5 陶陶,闾国年,张书亮.GIS技术支持下的给水管网模型与网络分析.给水排水.2005年
6 吉庆丰,周济人.应用蒙特卡罗法分析供水管网.灌溉排水.1998,17(4):16-20
7 杨广军,娄梅枝,宋建军.给水管网改计计算的电模型求解方法.煤矿设计.1998,9:42-44
8 韦巍,黄伟洁,汤庸.基于浮点数编码的遗传算法在给水管网平差计算中的应用.给水排水.2002,28(12):23-25
9 舒诗湖,袁一星,赵洪滨.建立城市数字化供水管网系统的研究.供水管网信息化管理与检测技术应用研讨会论文集.郑州.2005,11:197
10 郝忠孝.关系数据库理论新进展.北京:机械工业出版社.1998.32-35
11 王爱民.数据库访问技术综述.计算机系统应用.1999(3):34-37
12 王平林.系统集成分析与集成思想.软件世界.1997(5):18-19
13 茅苏,张灯银,张伟.非规范化处理在数据库设计中的应用.南京邮电学院学报(自然科学版).1999,19(9):62-63
14 张学俭,陈洪亮.数据库原理与工程应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社.1996.76-77
15 Thomas Connoly,Carolyn Begg.Database Systems-A Practical Approach to Design Implementation and Management.England:Pearson Education Limited.2002.203-206
16 Heikki Mannila.The Design of Relational Database.California:Addison-Wesley.1992.108-112
17 Philip J.Pratt,Joseph J.Adamsk.The Concepts of Database Management Second Edition.California Course Technology.1997.97-102
18 Maier D.Theory of Relational Database.Massachusetts.Computer Science Press.2003.52-58
19 Abraham Dsilberschartz.Database System Concepts.New York McGraw-Hill.1999.32-38
20 John Carlis.Mastering Data Modeling.California:Addison-Wesley.2000.51-61
21 Martin D.Advanced Database Techniques.Boston:MIT pr,1996.12-13
22 Simovici,Tenney.Rational database systems.German:Academic press.1999.54-56
23 沈甫成.网络数据库的新技术—Client/Server技术及其应用.现代图书情报技术.1994(11):62
24 李志强,苗振青,刘丽萍.关系规范化理论在MIS系统数据库设计中的应用.郑州纺织工学院学报.2000,7(3):15
25 Awad Elias M.Database Management.New York:Boy&Fraster Publishing Company.2002.104-106
26 S.M.Deen.An Introduction to Database System.California:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.1992.74-77
27 Kevin Loney.Manager's Manual of Oracle.New York:Machinery Industry Press.1998.69
28 M Stotiebraker.Relational Approach to Database Management.Englewood:Prenticeice-Hall. 1994.114
29 Codd..The Relational Model for Database Management.California:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.1998.82-87
30 李纪华,王珊.OLAP的两种支持技术.计算机世界.1996(12):56
31 陈京民.企业的客户关系管理实施过程.企业经济.2002(2):87
32 胡侃,夏绍伟.基于大型数据仓库的数据采掘.软件学报.1998,9(1):23
33 罗运模等.SQL—SERVER 2000数据仓库应用与开发.北京:人民邮电出版社.2001.43-44
34 陈京民.数据仓库开发的规划研究.计算机与网络.2000,25(5):18-19
35 方琦.基于GIS的小城镇给水管网水力计算.北京工业大学工学硕士学位论文.2005,5:9-10
36 周玉文,何敏,方琦,韩宏大等.基于GIS的给水管网动态水力计算模型的建立与应用.供水管网信息化管理与检测技术应用研讨会论文集.郑州,2005,11:204-212
37 陶建科,火正红,Paul R Chadwick(英).给水管网建模中建立计算机供水系统管网图形和在地形图上划定节点流量区域的方法.给水排水.1997,23(6):5-7
38 Haestad Methods,Thomas M.Walski etc..Advanced Water Distribution Modeling And Management.
39 信昆仑,刘遂庆,耿为民.城市给水管网三维等水压面的绘制.给水排水.2002年第6期
40 陈卫,张金松,城市水系统运营与管理.中国建筑工业出版社.2005.10
41 Http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200603050951565.html
42 Anderson,Michael D.Souleyrette,Reginald R.Geographic Information System-based Transportation Forecast Model for Small Urbanized Areas.Source:Transportation Research Record,n1551,Nov,1996,p95-104
43 W.Zlomek,M.Relormat and E.Kuffel.Applicationof Genetic Alogrithmsto Pattern Recognition of Defects in GIS.IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.2000.4,vol.7,No.2:161-168
44 何芳,.李树平,.陈宇辉,马力辉,吴迪.供水管网水力模型的维护.给水排水.2007年第一期
45 李晓喆,张晓辉,李祥胜.SQLServer2000管理及应用系统开发.2002年12月
46 Meinhard Breiling.Paper to Conference'Water Savings Strategies in Urban Renewals' The Use of Geographic Information Systems(GIS) in Local Planning And Possible Contributions to Integrated Water Management in Sweden.February 1 to 3,1996,Vienna
47 Jenson S.K Extracting Topographic Structure from Digital Elevation Data for GIS Analysis.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.1988,54(11):1593-1600
48 Martz,L.W.Numerical Definition of Drainage Network and Subcatchment Research.1992,18(6):747-761
49 Michael W.Sweeney.Geographic Information System.Water Environment Research.1999,71(5):551-555
50 Carroll,D.G.,Ula,R,Marr,A.J.,Kipit,B.,Davis,N.Aspects of Stormwater Management for Port Mores by,Papua New Guinea.Source:National Conference Publication-Institution of Engineers,Australia,v3,n94/15,1994,p319-326
51 Reich Hardt,Tony.Environmental GIS:The World in a Computer.Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,No.1,1996
52 Sai Kishore Sripriya.VisualC++.NET专业项目实例开发.何红波等译.中国水利水电出版社,2003.1
2 魏炜,贾海峰,苏保林.水力平差模型在供水规划中的应用.2006年4月
3 Lewis A.Rossman.EPANET2 Users Manual.September 2000
4 袁一星.城市给水管网工况模拟技术及其应用的研究.2005年4月
5 陶陶,闾国年,张书亮.GIS技术支持下的给水管网模型与网络分析.给水排水.2005年
6 吉庆丰,周济人.应用蒙特卡罗法分析供水管网.灌溉排水.1998,17(4):16-20
7 杨广军,娄梅枝,宋建军.给水管网改计计算的电模型求解方法.煤矿设计.1998,9:42-44
8 韦巍,黄伟洁,汤庸.基于浮点数编码的遗传算法在给水管网平差计算中的应用.给水排水.2002,28(12):23-25
9 舒诗湖,袁一星,赵洪滨.建立城市数字化供水管网系统的研究.供水管网信息化管理与检测技术应用研讨会论文集.郑州.2005,11:197
10 郝忠孝.关系数据库理论新进展.北京:机械工业出版社.1998.32-35
11 王爱民.数据库访问技术综述.计算机系统应用.1999(3):34-37
12 王平林.系统集成分析与集成思想.软件世界.1997(5):18-19
13 茅苏,张灯银,张伟.非规范化处理在数据库设计中的应用.南京邮电学院学报(自然科学版).1999,19(9):62-63
14 张学俭,陈洪亮.数据库原理与工程应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社.1996.76-77
15 Thomas Connoly,Carolyn Begg.Database Systems-A Practical Approach to Design Implementation and Management.England:Pearson Education Limited.2002.203-206
16 Heikki Mannila.The Design of Relational Database.California:Addison-Wesley.1992.108-112
17 Philip J.Pratt,Joseph J.Adamsk.The Concepts of Database Management Second Edition.California Course Technology.1997.97-102
18 Maier D.Theory of Relational Database.Massachusetts.Computer Science Press.2003.52-58
19 Abraham Dsilberschartz.Database System Concepts.New York McGraw-Hill.1999.32-38
20 John Carlis.Mastering Data Modeling.California:Addison-Wesley.2000.51-61
21 Martin D.Advanced Database Techniques.Boston:MIT pr,1996.12-13
22 Simovici,Tenney.Rational database systems.German:Academic press.1999.54-56
23 沈甫成.网络数据库的新技术—Client/Server技术及其应用.现代图书情报技术.1994(11):62
24 李志强,苗振青,刘丽萍.关系规范化理论在MIS系统数据库设计中的应用.郑州纺织工学院学报.2000,7(3):15
25 Awad Elias M.Database Management.New York:Boy&Fraster Publishing Company.2002.104-106
26 S.M.Deen.An Introduction to Database System.California:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.1992.74-77
27 Kevin Loney.Manager's Manual of Oracle.New York:Machinery Industry Press.1998.69
28 M Stotiebraker.Relational Approach to Database Management.Englewood:Prenticeice-Hall. 1994.114
29 Codd..The Relational Model for Database Management.California:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.1998.82-87
30 李纪华,王珊.OLAP的两种支持技术.计算机世界.1996(12):56
31 陈京民.企业的客户关系管理实施过程.企业经济.2002(2):87
32 胡侃,夏绍伟.基于大型数据仓库的数据采掘.软件学报.1998,9(1):23
33 罗运模等.SQL—SERVER 2000数据仓库应用与开发.北京:人民邮电出版社.2001.43-44
34 陈京民.数据仓库开发的规划研究.计算机与网络.2000,25(5):18-19
35 方琦.基于GIS的小城镇给水管网水力计算.北京工业大学工学硕士学位论文.2005,5:9-10
36 周玉文,何敏,方琦,韩宏大等.基于GIS的给水管网动态水力计算模型的建立与应用.供水管网信息化管理与检测技术应用研讨会论文集.郑州,2005,11:204-212
37 陶建科,火正红,Paul R Chadwick(英).给水管网建模中建立计算机供水系统管网图形和在地形图上划定节点流量区域的方法.给水排水.1997,23(6):5-7
38 Haestad Methods,Thomas M.Walski etc..Advanced Water Distribution Modeling And Management.
39 信昆仑,刘遂庆,耿为民.城市给水管网三维等水压面的绘制.给水排水.2002年第6期
40 陈卫,张金松,城市水系统运营与管理.中国建筑工业出版社.2005.10
41 Http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200603050951565.html
42 Anderson,Michael D.Souleyrette,Reginald R.Geographic Information System-based Transportation Forecast Model for Small Urbanized Areas.Source:Transportation Research Record,n1551,Nov,1996,p95-104
43 W.Zlomek,M.Relormat and E.Kuffel.Applicationof Genetic Alogrithmsto Pattern Recognition of Defects in GIS.IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.2000.4,vol.7,No.2:161-168
44 何芳,.李树平,.陈宇辉,马力辉,吴迪.供水管网水力模型的维护.给水排水.2007年第一期
45 李晓喆,张晓辉,李祥胜.SQLServer2000管理及应用系统开发.2002年12月
46 Meinhard Breiling.Paper to Conference'Water Savings Strategies in Urban Renewals' The Use of Geographic Information Systems(GIS) in Local Planning And Possible Contributions to Integrated Water Management in Sweden.February 1 to 3,1996,Vienna
47 Jenson S.K Extracting Topographic Structure from Digital Elevation Data for GIS Analysis.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.1988,54(11):1593-1600
48 Martz,L.W.Numerical Definition of Drainage Network and Subcatchment Research.1992,18(6):747-761
49 Michael W.Sweeney.Geographic Information System.Water Environment Research.1999,71(5):551-555
50 Carroll,D.G.,Ula,R,Marr,A.J.,Kipit,B.,Davis,N.Aspects of Stormwater Management for Port Mores by,Papua New Guinea.Source:National Conference Publication-Institution of Engineers,Australia,v3,n94/15,1994,p319-326
51 Reich Hardt,Tony.Environmental GIS:The World in a Computer.Journal of Environmental Science&Technology,No.1,1996
52 Sai Kishore Sripriya.VisualC++.NET专业项目实例开发.何红波等译.中国水利水电出版社,2003.1