吉林省生态资产遥感定量评估
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摘要
随着社会经济的发展和资源环境问题的日益突出,生态环境和资源逐渐被人们认为是一种国家资产,即生态资产。生态资产包括有形的自然资源价值和隐形的生态系统服务功能价值。生态系统除了给人类提供实物型生态产品(食物、原材料、药品等)外,同时还以其巨大的生物多样性向人类提供更多类型的非实物型生态服务(净化空气、水土保持、涵养水源等)。
本文将在对国内外生态资产价值评估理论方法进行梳理总结的基础上,将生态学模型与遥感信息模型相结合,对生态系统类型、植被净初级生产力和植被覆盖度、调整系数进行遥感测量,建立生态资产评估的定量遥感模型,综合考虑生态系统类型、质量、空间分布差异。通过计算得到2000年和2008年吉林省生态资产总价值,并进行了动态变化分析,结果表明:
1)2000年吉林省生态资产总价值为4385.61亿元,单位面积价值为230.18万元(km~2·a),而2008年吉林省生态资产总价值为6751.31亿元,单位面积价值为354.35万元(km~2·a)。
2)在生态资产总价值构成中,水土保持价值>维持大气平衡价值>生产有机质价值>涵养水源价值>营养物质循环价值,其中2000年和2008年水土保持总价值为2368.83、2921.54亿元,而最低的营养物质循环价值2000年和2008年分别为25.87、51.70亿元。
3)从不同土地利用类型上看,2000年中林地的生态资产价值最高,为2955.25亿元,而2008年林地生态资产价值为4148.85亿元。其次为耕地,草地和未利用地价值相对较低,都只有100多亿元,而灌木林地总价值最低,2000年为68.03亿元,2008年为113.35亿元。各土地利用类型的单位价值中,两年中的耕地的价值均最高,未利用地的单位价值最低。
4)从东中西地区来看, 2000年、2008年的吉林省的生态资产总价值分布都呈现由东向西逐渐降低的趋势,其中东部地区最高,西部地区最少,2000年的吉林省西部生态资产总价值为282.83亿元,2008年的总价值达到520.28亿元。吉林省不同地区的生态资产差异明显。从总生态资产价值来看,2000-2008年吉林省生态资产总价值升高了2365.70亿元,单位面积价值增加了124.17万元(km~2·a)。从平均生态资产价值看,2000年中,白山地区>通化地区>延边地区>吉林地区>辽源地区>长春地区>四平地区>松原地区>白城地区,而2008年则是白山地区>通化地区>延边地区>吉林地区>长春地区>松原地区>辽源地区>四平地区>白城地区。
本文的研究成果将有助于推动我国生态资产遥感定量测量研究方法的进展,为国内相关研究提供技术和方法借鉴;可以为区域自然资源利用、吉林省生态省建设、政府宏观决策提供数据支撑与科学依据,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
With the socio-economic development and resource and environment problems have become more prominent, and the ecological environment and resources have gradually been considered a national asset, that is, ecological assets. Ecological assets include tangible value of natural resources and the hidden value of ecosystem services. Ecosystems in addition to human-kind eco-products (food, raw materials, medicines, etc), but also for its great biological diversity to provide more types of non-human kind-based ecological services (clean air, soil and water conservation, water conservation, etc.) .
This paper will assess the domestic and international ecological value of the assets to sort out theoretical methods based on the summary will be ecology model and remote sensing information model combining ecosystem types, vegetation net primary productivity and vegetation cover, the adjustment factor for remote sensing measurements, the establishment of quantitative remote sensing of ecological assets assessment model, considering the ecosystem type, quality, spatial distribution of differences. By calculation of Jilin Province in 2000 and 2008, the total value of ecological assets, and the dynamic change analysis shows that:
1) In 2000 the total value of ecological capital of Jilin Province 438.561 billion yuan, per unit area value of 2.3018 million yuan (km~2·a), Jilin Province, in 2008 the total value of ecological assets 675.131 billion yuan, per unit area value of 3.5435 million yuan (km~2·a).
2) The composition of the total value of ecological assets, water and soil conservation> maintain the atmospheric balance of the value of> production of organic matter value> Water Conservation value> value of nutrient cycling, including soil and water conservation in 2000 and 2008, the total value of 2368.83, 2921.54 billion, the lowest value of nutrient cycling in 2000 and 2008, respectively 25.87, 51.70 billion.
3) From the perspective of different land use types, forest ecology in 2000, the highest value of the assets, for 295.525 billion yuan, forest ecology in 2008 was 414.885 billion yuan worth of assets. Followed by arable land, grassland and unused land values are relatively low, are only 100 billion, while the minimum total value of shrub land in 2000, 6.803 billion yuan in 2008 to 11.335 billion yuan. The unit value of land use type, the two years were the highest value of cultivated land, unused land in the unit value of the minimum.
4) From the Middle and regional perspective, 2000, 2008, the Jilin Province of the distribution of the total value of ecological assets showed decreased from east to west trend, in which the highest in eastern and western regions at least, western Jilin Province in 2000, eco- The total value of 28.283 billion yuan of assets, the total value in 2008 reached 52.028 billion yuan. Ecological assets in different regions of Jilin Province are different. From the perspective of total value of ecological assets of Jilin Province, 2000-2008 the total value of ecological assets increased by 236.57 billion yuan, an increase of per unit area value of 1.2417 million yuan (km~2·a). The average value of the assets from the ecological perspective, in 2000, the White Mountain region> Tonghua area> Yanbian> Jilin> Liaoyuan region> in Changchun> Siping area> Matsubara Area> White City area, while the 2008 is the White Mountain region> Tonghua area> Yanbian Area> Jilin> Changchun area> Matsubara area> Liaoyuan region> Siping Area> White City area.
This study results will help promote Chinese ecological assets of remote sensing methods of quantitative measurement of progress, in order to provide technical and domestic research methods for reference; for regional natural resource use, building an ecological province of Jilin Province, the government's macroeconomic policy-making and provide data support scientific basis, with important scientific significance and application value.
本文将在对国内外生态资产价值评估理论方法进行梳理总结的基础上,将生态学模型与遥感信息模型相结合,对生态系统类型、植被净初级生产力和植被覆盖度、调整系数进行遥感测量,建立生态资产评估的定量遥感模型,综合考虑生态系统类型、质量、空间分布差异。通过计算得到2000年和2008年吉林省生态资产总价值,并进行了动态变化分析,结果表明:
1)2000年吉林省生态资产总价值为4385.61亿元,单位面积价值为230.18万元(km~2·a),而2008年吉林省生态资产总价值为6751.31亿元,单位面积价值为354.35万元(km~2·a)。
2)在生态资产总价值构成中,水土保持价值>维持大气平衡价值>生产有机质价值>涵养水源价值>营养物质循环价值,其中2000年和2008年水土保持总价值为2368.83、2921.54亿元,而最低的营养物质循环价值2000年和2008年分别为25.87、51.70亿元。
3)从不同土地利用类型上看,2000年中林地的生态资产价值最高,为2955.25亿元,而2008年林地生态资产价值为4148.85亿元。其次为耕地,草地和未利用地价值相对较低,都只有100多亿元,而灌木林地总价值最低,2000年为68.03亿元,2008年为113.35亿元。各土地利用类型的单位价值中,两年中的耕地的价值均最高,未利用地的单位价值最低。
4)从东中西地区来看, 2000年、2008年的吉林省的生态资产总价值分布都呈现由东向西逐渐降低的趋势,其中东部地区最高,西部地区最少,2000年的吉林省西部生态资产总价值为282.83亿元,2008年的总价值达到520.28亿元。吉林省不同地区的生态资产差异明显。从总生态资产价值来看,2000-2008年吉林省生态资产总价值升高了2365.70亿元,单位面积价值增加了124.17万元(km~2·a)。从平均生态资产价值看,2000年中,白山地区>通化地区>延边地区>吉林地区>辽源地区>长春地区>四平地区>松原地区>白城地区,而2008年则是白山地区>通化地区>延边地区>吉林地区>长春地区>松原地区>辽源地区>四平地区>白城地区。
本文的研究成果将有助于推动我国生态资产遥感定量测量研究方法的进展,为国内相关研究提供技术和方法借鉴;可以为区域自然资源利用、吉林省生态省建设、政府宏观决策提供数据支撑与科学依据,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
With the socio-economic development and resource and environment problems have become more prominent, and the ecological environment and resources have gradually been considered a national asset, that is, ecological assets. Ecological assets include tangible value of natural resources and the hidden value of ecosystem services. Ecosystems in addition to human-kind eco-products (food, raw materials, medicines, etc), but also for its great biological diversity to provide more types of non-human kind-based ecological services (clean air, soil and water conservation, water conservation, etc.) .
This paper will assess the domestic and international ecological value of the assets to sort out theoretical methods based on the summary will be ecology model and remote sensing information model combining ecosystem types, vegetation net primary productivity and vegetation cover, the adjustment factor for remote sensing measurements, the establishment of quantitative remote sensing of ecological assets assessment model, considering the ecosystem type, quality, spatial distribution of differences. By calculation of Jilin Province in 2000 and 2008, the total value of ecological assets, and the dynamic change analysis shows that:
1) In 2000 the total value of ecological capital of Jilin Province 438.561 billion yuan, per unit area value of 2.3018 million yuan (km~2·a), Jilin Province, in 2008 the total value of ecological assets 675.131 billion yuan, per unit area value of 3.5435 million yuan (km~2·a).
2) The composition of the total value of ecological assets, water and soil conservation> maintain the atmospheric balance of the value of> production of organic matter value> Water Conservation value> value of nutrient cycling, including soil and water conservation in 2000 and 2008, the total value of 2368.83, 2921.54 billion, the lowest value of nutrient cycling in 2000 and 2008, respectively 25.87, 51.70 billion.
3) From the perspective of different land use types, forest ecology in 2000, the highest value of the assets, for 295.525 billion yuan, forest ecology in 2008 was 414.885 billion yuan worth of assets. Followed by arable land, grassland and unused land values are relatively low, are only 100 billion, while the minimum total value of shrub land in 2000, 6.803 billion yuan in 2008 to 11.335 billion yuan. The unit value of land use type, the two years were the highest value of cultivated land, unused land in the unit value of the minimum.
4) From the Middle and regional perspective, 2000, 2008, the Jilin Province of the distribution of the total value of ecological assets showed decreased from east to west trend, in which the highest in eastern and western regions at least, western Jilin Province in 2000, eco- The total value of 28.283 billion yuan of assets, the total value in 2008 reached 52.028 billion yuan. Ecological assets in different regions of Jilin Province are different. From the perspective of total value of ecological assets of Jilin Province, 2000-2008 the total value of ecological assets increased by 236.57 billion yuan, an increase of per unit area value of 1.2417 million yuan (km~2·a). The average value of the assets from the ecological perspective, in 2000, the White Mountain region> Tonghua area> Yanbian> Jilin> Liaoyuan region> in Changchun> Siping area> Matsubara Area> White City area, while the 2008 is the White Mountain region> Tonghua area> Yanbian Area> Jilin> Changchun area> Matsubara area> Liaoyuan region> Siping Area> White City area.
This study results will help promote Chinese ecological assets of remote sensing methods of quantitative measurement of progress, in order to provide technical and domestic research methods for reference; for regional natural resource use, building an ecological province of Jilin Province, the government's macroeconomic policy-making and provide data support scientific basis, with important scientific significance and application value.
引文
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