成都地区垃圾渗滤液—城市污水合并处理可行性研究
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摘要
目前,我国城市垃圾处置的最主要方式是填埋,其中主要的污染物就是渗滤液。城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液有机污染物浓度很高,其中还有大量的难降解有机物和有毒物质,对环境危害很大,难于处理。由于渗滤液单独处理的投资和运行费用都较高,因此,部分填埋场都采用成本较低的渗滤液直接或预处理后与城市污水合并处理的方式处理渗滤液。笔者以成都市三瓦窑污水处理厂合并处理工艺为依托,通过对合并处理前后各种问题的研究以及对合并处理的可行性进行分析。从而对渗滤液的合并处理提供一定的借鉴和经验。
笔者首先根据欲处理的渗滤液水质,按其水量与三瓦窑污水处理厂日出处理量的百分比计算求得混合后的废水水质特征以及各水质参数与原污水水质的变化量,再以合并后水质变化量不能超过10%的安全范围、重金属元素对微生物毒害作用最低浓度以及三瓦窑污水处理厂异养菌50%抑制作用时各重金属浓度的阙值三项指标为考量标准,分析得出合并后的污水中,氨氮含量、Zn含量和Cr含量超标。若直接混合会由于营养物比例失调,重金属抑制微生物活性等一系列安全问题,对污水厂的运行将造成消极影响。
笔者提出两类解决方案。第一种为调节混合比例。根据超标的氨氮含量逆推求得临界混合比为0.2%,即只要渗滤液混合比例不超过临界混合比,直接合并不影响污水厂安全稳定运行。第二种为增设预处理环节。研究表明,预处理应采用化学沉淀法。其中,应以PAC为絮凝剂,且PAC与氨氮的质量比约为1:7时絮凝效果最佳。同时,应以MgO+H_3PO_4为沉淀剂,并按摩尔比n(Mg~(2+)):n(NH_4~+):n(PO_4~(3-))=1.2:1:1.4的比例投入到渗滤液,并调节废水pH值保持在9左右时是预处理的最佳方案。两种方法在技术上都具可行性。
通过成本估算,增设预处理工艺药剂成本过高,不论如何调节药剂配比,总成本都高于新建单独处理渗滤液系统的成本。而调节混合比例的解决方案操作简单,经济实惠,具有很高的技术,经济可行性。
此研究结果表明,若接受污水厂规模较大,渗滤液混合比较小的基本上可直接合并处理。而需增设高额费用预处理环节的合并处理工艺,其经济效益只体现在节省了新建单独处理渗滤液系统的巨额投资。
At present,landfill is the most important way of urban garbage disposal in China.One of the major pollutant is leachate.which has high concentrations of organic pollutants,refractory organic and toxic substances.as well as can be very great harm to the enviroment and hard to handling.Beacuse of the high investment and operating costs independently,some landfills have used lower costs approach in leachate treatment,such as directly co-treatment with urban wastewater or after pretreatment co-treatment.Author is surpposed to reseach the problems of before and after the co-treatment and analysis of the feasibility of the consolidation,which are all based on merger process of SanWaYao wastewater plant in ChengDu.
First of all,according to the quality of leachate water,author obtained the features of mixed wastewater and the volume changes of water qualitySecondly,through three indicators,which are changes in water quality parameters below 10%;heavy metal poisoning effect of the minimum concentration of microorganisms and heavy metal 50%inhibition effect of the minimum concentration of heterotrophic bacteria,analyzed the content of ammonia,Zn and Cr are exceed.Directly co-treatment will cause security issues of the plant owing to nutrient imbalance and heavy metals inhibit microbial activity.
The author proposes two solutions.One is regulation ratio for calculati- -on obtained critical mixing ratio is 0.2%.Anothcr is to increase pretrca- -ment link.Research shows that pretreatment should use chemical,which should use PAC as flocculant,at the same time,maintain the quality ratio between PAC and ammonia about 1:7.In addition,MgO+H_3PO_4 should be Precipitant,more -over,keeping the molar ratio of Mg_2+:NH_4+:PO_4+ at about 1.2:1:1.4 is positive.Of course, regulating wastewater pH at about 9 is also necessary.In fact,both methods have the technical feasibility.
After cost estimates,it is found that regardless of how to adjust ratio of Pharmacy,too high pharmacy costs make the method of increaseing pretreatment link impractical.But another solution is simple,affordable,highly technical,economic feasibility.
Generally speaking,if the wastewter plant is larger,the mixed proportion of leachate is small,directly merger is acceptable.For those processwho need to increase pretreatment links,Their cost-effectiveness only through savings in a separate leachate system deal with the huge investment to reflect.
笔者首先根据欲处理的渗滤液水质,按其水量与三瓦窑污水处理厂日出处理量的百分比计算求得混合后的废水水质特征以及各水质参数与原污水水质的变化量,再以合并后水质变化量不能超过10%的安全范围、重金属元素对微生物毒害作用最低浓度以及三瓦窑污水处理厂异养菌50%抑制作用时各重金属浓度的阙值三项指标为考量标准,分析得出合并后的污水中,氨氮含量、Zn含量和Cr含量超标。若直接混合会由于营养物比例失调,重金属抑制微生物活性等一系列安全问题,对污水厂的运行将造成消极影响。
笔者提出两类解决方案。第一种为调节混合比例。根据超标的氨氮含量逆推求得临界混合比为0.2%,即只要渗滤液混合比例不超过临界混合比,直接合并不影响污水厂安全稳定运行。第二种为增设预处理环节。研究表明,预处理应采用化学沉淀法。其中,应以PAC为絮凝剂,且PAC与氨氮的质量比约为1:7时絮凝效果最佳。同时,应以MgO+H_3PO_4为沉淀剂,并按摩尔比n(Mg~(2+)):n(NH_4~+):n(PO_4~(3-))=1.2:1:1.4的比例投入到渗滤液,并调节废水pH值保持在9左右时是预处理的最佳方案。两种方法在技术上都具可行性。
通过成本估算,增设预处理工艺药剂成本过高,不论如何调节药剂配比,总成本都高于新建单独处理渗滤液系统的成本。而调节混合比例的解决方案操作简单,经济实惠,具有很高的技术,经济可行性。
此研究结果表明,若接受污水厂规模较大,渗滤液混合比较小的基本上可直接合并处理。而需增设高额费用预处理环节的合并处理工艺,其经济效益只体现在节省了新建单独处理渗滤液系统的巨额投资。
At present,landfill is the most important way of urban garbage disposal in China.One of the major pollutant is leachate.which has high concentrations of organic pollutants,refractory organic and toxic substances.as well as can be very great harm to the enviroment and hard to handling.Beacuse of the high investment and operating costs independently,some landfills have used lower costs approach in leachate treatment,such as directly co-treatment with urban wastewater or after pretreatment co-treatment.Author is surpposed to reseach the problems of before and after the co-treatment and analysis of the feasibility of the consolidation,which are all based on merger process of SanWaYao wastewater plant in ChengDu.
First of all,according to the quality of leachate water,author obtained the features of mixed wastewater and the volume changes of water qualitySecondly,through three indicators,which are changes in water quality parameters below 10%;heavy metal poisoning effect of the minimum concentration of microorganisms and heavy metal 50%inhibition effect of the minimum concentration of heterotrophic bacteria,analyzed the content of ammonia,Zn and Cr are exceed.Directly co-treatment will cause security issues of the plant owing to nutrient imbalance and heavy metals inhibit microbial activity.
The author proposes two solutions.One is regulation ratio for calculati- -on obtained critical mixing ratio is 0.2%.Anothcr is to increase pretrca- -ment link.Research shows that pretreatment should use chemical,which should use PAC as flocculant,at the same time,maintain the quality ratio between PAC and ammonia about 1:7.In addition,MgO+H_3PO_4 should be Precipitant,more -over,keeping the molar ratio of Mg_2+:NH_4+:PO_4+ at about 1.2:1:1.4 is positive.Of course, regulating wastewater pH at about 9 is also necessary.In fact,both methods have the technical feasibility.
After cost estimates,it is found that regardless of how to adjust ratio of Pharmacy,too high pharmacy costs make the method of increaseing pretreatment link impractical.But another solution is simple,affordable,highly technical,economic feasibility.
Generally speaking,if the wastewter plant is larger,the mixed proportion of leachate is small,directly merger is acceptable.For those processwho need to increase pretreatment links,Their cost-effectiveness only through savings in a separate leachate system deal with the huge investment to reflect.
引文
[1]方创琳.垃圾资源持续开发利用的经济成分及分异[J].地理学与国土研究.1995.(4):19-24
[2]席俊清,蒋火华,汪志国等.我国城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题分析[J].中国环境监测.2003,Vol.19(1):21-23
[3]李国鼎.环境工程乎册[M].高等教育出版社.2003.558-559
[4]Cai Z Y.Long-term monitoring and prediction for leachate concentrations in ShangHai refuse landfill[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution.2000.122:281-297
[5]杨秀敏,张桂梅.城市垃圾渗滤液对地下水的污染及防治对策.山西水利科技.2005.(1):29-30
[6]卢成洪,徐迪民.回灌法处理城市垃圾渗滤液[J].上海环境科学.1997.16(1):38-40
[7]何厚波,熊杨,周敬超.生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的特点及处理技术[J].环境卫生工程2002.10(4):159-163
[8]赵宗升,刘鸿亮,李炳伟等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染的控制技术[J].中国给排水.2000 16(6):20-23
[9]Benfenati E Facchini G Pierucci P et al.Identification of organic contaminants in leachates from industrial waste landfills[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry.1996.15(8):305-310
[10]沈耀良,赵丹,杨铨大.好氧-厌氧法处理渗滤液与城市污水混合废水的可行性[J].污染防治技术.2000.13(2):63-67
[11]Christensen T H.Stegmann R.Landfilling of waste:leachate[J].Elsevier Applied Science.1992:185-202
[12]卢宁川,陈天宏,刘志宏.生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液与邻近小城镇生活污水合并处理[J].环境导报.2002.2:18-19
[13]沈耀良,张建平,王惠民.苏州七子山垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质变化及处理工艺方案研究[J].给水排水.2000.26(5):22-26
[14]Pohland F G Gould J P.Containment of heavy metals in landfills with leachate recycle[A]Land Disposal:Municipal Solid Waste[C].Philadelphia,Pennsylvania:Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Research Symposium.1981
[15]倪晋仁,邵世云,叶正芳.垃圾渗滤液特点与处理技术比较.应用基础与工程科 学学报.2004.12(2):148-161
[16]方士,卢航,蓝雪春.两级SBR-PAC吸附混凝法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究[J].浙江大学学报.2002.28(4):435-439
[17]Bernd Morawe Dilip S Ramteke Alfons Vogelphl.Chemical Engineering and Processing.1995.34:299-303
[18]Lee J H.Treatment of municipal landfill leachates using artificial zeolite[J].Chawon Risaiking.1996.5(1):34-41
[19]Tarsi A A Zouboulis A I Matis K A et al.Coagulation-flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachates[J].Chemosphere.2003.53:727-744
[20]祝万鹏,蒋展鹏,杨志华等.有害废物填埋场渗滤液处理[J].给水排水.1997.23(11):12-14
[21]赵庆良.李湘中.化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮[J].环境科学.1999.20(9):91-92
[22]ScottJPOllisDF.Integrationofchemicalandbiologicaloxidationprocessesforwatertreatme nt:reviewandrecommendations[J].Environ Prog.1995.14:88-103
[23]Bauer R.The photo-fention reaction and the TiO2/UV process for wastewater treatment-novel developments[J].Catalysis Today.1999.53:131-144
[24]谭小萍,王国生,汤克敏.光催化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的影响因素[J].中国给水排水.1999.5:52-54
[25]Bekboelet M.Photocatalytic detoxification with the thin film fixed-bedreactor(TFFBR):Clean-upofhighly pollutedlandfill effluents using a novel TiO2-photocatalyst[J].Solar Energy,1996.56(5):455-469
[26]Thoms A.Purification of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis and nanofiltration[J].Desalination.1998.119:289-293
[27]Fergal Cauaghan.Membranes tippeol as leachate somtion[J].Water Services.1993.(3):30-31
[28]KristinaLinde Ann-soft Jonsson Roland Wimmerstedt.Treatment of three types of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis[J].Desalination.1995.101(1):21-30
[29]袁维芳,王国生,汤克敏.反渗透法处理城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液[J].水处理技术.1997.23(6):333-336
[30]陈石,王克虹,孟了等.城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理中试研究[J].给水排水.2000.28(10):15-19
[31]Kennedy K J Lentz E M.Treatment of landfill leachate using sequencingbatch and continuous flow upflow anaerobicsludge blanket(UASB)reactors[J].War.Res.2000.34(14):3640-3656
[32]William P Barber David C Stuckey.The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)for wastewater treatment:aeview[J].Wat.Res.1999.33(7):1559-1578
[33]张彤,赵庆祥,朱怀兰.城市垃圾渗滤液及其生物处理对策[J].城市环境与城市生态.1994.,7(4):44-49
[34]陶涛,袁居新,刘文峰等.中山市垃圾渗滤液生物处理工艺技术改造方案[J].环境卫生工程.2000.8(3):01-103
[35]谢可蓉,温旭志,谢璨楷等.SBR法在垃圾渗滤液治理中的研究及应用[J].广东工业大学报.2001.12:90-93
[36]李军,王宝贞,王淑莹等.生活垃圾渗滤液处理中试研究[J].中国给水排水.2002.18(3):1-6
[37]申秀英等.垃圾填埋沥滤水的活性污泥法处理.中国给水排水.1995.11(3)
[38]乔勇,赵国志.垃圾渗滤液接入城市污水处理厂存在问题探讨.中国给水排水.2006.32(2):14-15
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[40]赵庆良,李湘中.化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮[J].环境科学.1999.9(5):90-92
[41]Kabdasli Tunayet al.Ammonia removal from young landfill leachate by magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation and air stripping[J].War.Sci.Tech.2000.41(1):237-240
[42]Li X.Z.Zhao Q.L.Recovery of ammonium-nitrogen from landfill leachate as multi-nutrient fertilizer[J].Ecological Engineering.2003.20(2):171-181
[2]席俊清,蒋火华,汪志国等.我国城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题分析[J].中国环境监测.2003,Vol.19(1):21-23
[3]李国鼎.环境工程乎册[M].高等教育出版社.2003.558-559
[4]Cai Z Y.Long-term monitoring and prediction for leachate concentrations in ShangHai refuse landfill[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution.2000.122:281-297
[5]杨秀敏,张桂梅.城市垃圾渗滤液对地下水的污染及防治对策.山西水利科技.2005.(1):29-30
[6]卢成洪,徐迪民.回灌法处理城市垃圾渗滤液[J].上海环境科学.1997.16(1):38-40
[7]何厚波,熊杨,周敬超.生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的特点及处理技术[J].环境卫生工程2002.10(4):159-163
[8]赵宗升,刘鸿亮,李炳伟等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染的控制技术[J].中国给排水.2000 16(6):20-23
[9]Benfenati E Facchini G Pierucci P et al.Identification of organic contaminants in leachates from industrial waste landfills[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry.1996.15(8):305-310
[10]沈耀良,赵丹,杨铨大.好氧-厌氧法处理渗滤液与城市污水混合废水的可行性[J].污染防治技术.2000.13(2):63-67
[11]Christensen T H.Stegmann R.Landfilling of waste:leachate[J].Elsevier Applied Science.1992:185-202
[12]卢宁川,陈天宏,刘志宏.生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液与邻近小城镇生活污水合并处理[J].环境导报.2002.2:18-19
[13]沈耀良,张建平,王惠民.苏州七子山垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质变化及处理工艺方案研究[J].给水排水.2000.26(5):22-26
[14]Pohland F G Gould J P.Containment of heavy metals in landfills with leachate recycle[A]Land Disposal:Municipal Solid Waste[C].Philadelphia,Pennsylvania:Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Research Symposium.1981
[15]倪晋仁,邵世云,叶正芳.垃圾渗滤液特点与处理技术比较.应用基础与工程科 学学报.2004.12(2):148-161
[16]方士,卢航,蓝雪春.两级SBR-PAC吸附混凝法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究[J].浙江大学学报.2002.28(4):435-439
[17]Bernd Morawe Dilip S Ramteke Alfons Vogelphl.Chemical Engineering and Processing.1995.34:299-303
[18]Lee J H.Treatment of municipal landfill leachates using artificial zeolite[J].Chawon Risaiking.1996.5(1):34-41
[19]Tarsi A A Zouboulis A I Matis K A et al.Coagulation-flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachates[J].Chemosphere.2003.53:727-744
[20]祝万鹏,蒋展鹏,杨志华等.有害废物填埋场渗滤液处理[J].给水排水.1997.23(11):12-14
[21]赵庆良.李湘中.化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮[J].环境科学.1999.20(9):91-92
[22]ScottJPOllisDF.Integrationofchemicalandbiologicaloxidationprocessesforwatertreatme nt:reviewandrecommendations[J].Environ Prog.1995.14:88-103
[23]Bauer R.The photo-fention reaction and the TiO2/UV process for wastewater treatment-novel developments[J].Catalysis Today.1999.53:131-144
[24]谭小萍,王国生,汤克敏.光催化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的影响因素[J].中国给水排水.1999.5:52-54
[25]Bekboelet M.Photocatalytic detoxification with the thin film fixed-bedreactor(TFFBR):Clean-upofhighly pollutedlandfill effluents using a novel TiO2-photocatalyst[J].Solar Energy,1996.56(5):455-469
[26]Thoms A.Purification of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis and nanofiltration[J].Desalination.1998.119:289-293
[27]Fergal Cauaghan.Membranes tippeol as leachate somtion[J].Water Services.1993.(3):30-31
[28]KristinaLinde Ann-soft Jonsson Roland Wimmerstedt.Treatment of three types of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis[J].Desalination.1995.101(1):21-30
[29]袁维芳,王国生,汤克敏.反渗透法处理城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液[J].水处理技术.1997.23(6):333-336
[30]陈石,王克虹,孟了等.城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理中试研究[J].给水排水.2000.28(10):15-19
[31]Kennedy K J Lentz E M.Treatment of landfill leachate using sequencingbatch and continuous flow upflow anaerobicsludge blanket(UASB)reactors[J].War.Res.2000.34(14):3640-3656
[32]William P Barber David C Stuckey.The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)for wastewater treatment:aeview[J].Wat.Res.1999.33(7):1559-1578
[33]张彤,赵庆祥,朱怀兰.城市垃圾渗滤液及其生物处理对策[J].城市环境与城市生态.1994.,7(4):44-49
[34]陶涛,袁居新,刘文峰等.中山市垃圾渗滤液生物处理工艺技术改造方案[J].环境卫生工程.2000.8(3):01-103
[35]谢可蓉,温旭志,谢璨楷等.SBR法在垃圾渗滤液治理中的研究及应用[J].广东工业大学报.2001.12:90-93
[36]李军,王宝贞,王淑莹等.生活垃圾渗滤液处理中试研究[J].中国给水排水.2002.18(3):1-6
[37]申秀英等.垃圾填埋沥滤水的活性污泥法处理.中国给水排水.1995.11(3)
[38]乔勇,赵国志.垃圾渗滤液接入城市污水处理厂存在问题探讨.中国给水排水.2006.32(2):14-15
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