新型掺铒光纤及相关激光器的研究
|
摘要
包括光敏掺铒光纤以及高浓度和双包层掺铒光纤在内的新型掺铒光纤在光纤通信、光纤传感、光纤接入、医疗、工业加工以及空间光通信等领域有着诱人的应用前景,因此关于新型掺铒光纤的研究一直以来都是全球性的技术研究热点。本论文在863项目“光纤制造新技术及新型光纤——新型特种光纤”(2001AA312230)和“通信用特种光纤——稀土掺杂光纤”(2004AA31G200)的资助下,对几种新型掺铒光纤及相关激光器进行了深入的研究。论文的创新性工作主要体现在:
(1)基于对疏松层沉积、除水和缩棒等影响掺铒光纤中掺锗量的几个关键因素的深入研究,找出制备光敏掺铒光纤的合适条件,成功研制出了性能优异的光敏掺铒光纤。该光纤在1530 nm处峰值吸收系数达27 dB/m,100 mW的泵浦功率激励5 m该光纤可实现约30 dB的小信号增益,在该光纤上直接写入25mm的光纤光栅可获得高达98.7%的反射率。进一步利用侧向对称开槽法制作出了双折射参数为3.13×10~(-4)的保偏光敏掺铒光纤。
(2)提出了一种基于保偏光敏掺铒光纤的可切换双波长光纤激光器,直接写在保偏光敏掺铒光纤两端的双折射光纤光栅,与中间的保偏光敏掺铒光纤构成全保偏一体化线型谐振腔,保证了室温下双波长激光和任意一个单波长激光的稳定输出,单波长激光功率波动幅度小于0.24 dB,波长漂移小于0.013 nm。
(3)实验实现了一种利用游标卡尺原理实现的单偏振光纤激光器,其谐振腔是基于保偏光敏掺铒光纤的全保偏一体化线型腔。在高反射光栅上施加径向应力以增大双反射峰的波长间隔,调整低反射光栅的反射波长,使激光器只能满足其中一个偏振态的振荡条件,获得稳定的单偏振激光输出,功率波动小于0.2 dB,波长漂移小于0.01 nm。
(4)提出和验证了共掺铋提高Er~(3+)掺杂浓度的机理,并研制出峰值吸收系数高达97.7 dB/m的高浓度掺铒光纤,Er~(3+)掺杂浓度约为7650 ppm。这是至今作者所知的采用溶液掺杂技术在石英基光纤上实现的最高Er~(3+)掺杂浓度。
(5)建立了基于几何光学的准三维射线追踪模型,比较分析了泵浦注入条件、纤芯和内包层结构对双包层光纤泵浦吸收特性的影响。在此基础上设计出双包层高浓度掺铒光纤和双包层铒镱共掺光纤的结构参数,使其在光纤长度上具有近乎均匀的泵浦吸收特性。
Novel erbium-doped fibers including the photosensitive erbium-doped fiber, the high-concentration erbium-doped fiber and the double-clad erbium-doped fiber have great potential applications in optical fiber communication systems, fiber sensing systems, optical access systems, medical lasers, industrial processing systems and space optical communication systems. Consequently, novel erbium-doped fibers have attracted a worldwide attention. Under the supports of the projects of National High Technology Research and Development Program of China with Grant No. 2001AA312230 and 2004AA31G200, this dissertation is focused upon the theoretical and experimental studies on these types of novel erbium-doped fibers and related fiber lasers. The main research results have been achieved as follows.
(1) Some crucial stages, including soot deposition process, drying process and collapsing process, which can affect the final concentration of GeO_2 in the photosensitive erbium-doped fiber core, are investigated. By confirming the optimal fabrication conditions, a photosensitive erbium-doped fiber with a perfect performance is manufactured. Its peak absorption coefficient at 1530 nm is 27 dB/m, and a 5-m-long photosensitive erbium-doped fiber pumped with the power of 20 dBm can amplify a small signal by about 30 dB. Fiber Bragg gratings with their length of 25 mm and their reflectivity of 98.7% are inscripted into the photosensitive erbium-doped fiber by exploiting the phase mask method. A polarization-maintaining photosensitive erbium-doped fiber with the birefringence of 3.13×10~(-4) is further fabricated by using the lateral grooving method.
(2) A stable and switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with two fiber Bragg gratings written in the photosensitive and polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber directly is presented and experimentally demonstrated. Simultaneous dual-wavelength oscillation at room temperature and two stable single-wavelength lasing lines are achieved. The power fluctuation and the wavelength shift of single-wavelength oscillations are measured to be less than 0.24 dB and 0.013 nm over 2 hours.
(3) A compact single-polarization erbium-doped fiber laser by adopting vernier effect is experimentally demonstrated. The linear laser cavity consists of a piece of photosensitive and polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber with two high-birefringence fiber Bragg gratings written at its both ends respectively. The single-polarization regime of our proposed laser is achieved by applying a radial stress upon one of two gratings and stretching the other grating axially to adjust the reflection peak match. Two single-polarization oscillations are realized respectively with the maximal power fluctuation of 0.2 dB and the wavelength shift of 0.01 nm over an hour.
(4) The fact that the doping level of erbium ion in the fiber core can be increased rapidly by codoping bismuth ion is analyzed and comprehended in details. A highly erbium-doped fiber with its peak absoption coefficient of 97.7 dB/m at 1530 nm is manufactured by codoping bismuth ion. The erbium ion concentration reaches 7650 ppm which is, to the best of auther's knowledge, the highest doping level of erbium ion in silica host fiber by using solution doping technology.
(5) A quasi-three dimensional ray tracing model for analyzing the absorption properties of double-clad fibers is proposed based on geometry optics. The influences of injection area of pump lights, the size and the position of the fiber core, the shape of the inner cladding on absorption efficiency are investigated. On the basis of the numerical model, double-clad high-concentration erbium-doped fiber and double-clad erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiber are designed and optimized, respectively, to realize an approximately uniform absorption along the fibers.
(1)基于对疏松层沉积、除水和缩棒等影响掺铒光纤中掺锗量的几个关键因素的深入研究,找出制备光敏掺铒光纤的合适条件,成功研制出了性能优异的光敏掺铒光纤。该光纤在1530 nm处峰值吸收系数达27 dB/m,100 mW的泵浦功率激励5 m该光纤可实现约30 dB的小信号增益,在该光纤上直接写入25mm的光纤光栅可获得高达98.7%的反射率。进一步利用侧向对称开槽法制作出了双折射参数为3.13×10~(-4)的保偏光敏掺铒光纤。
(2)提出了一种基于保偏光敏掺铒光纤的可切换双波长光纤激光器,直接写在保偏光敏掺铒光纤两端的双折射光纤光栅,与中间的保偏光敏掺铒光纤构成全保偏一体化线型谐振腔,保证了室温下双波长激光和任意一个单波长激光的稳定输出,单波长激光功率波动幅度小于0.24 dB,波长漂移小于0.013 nm。
(3)实验实现了一种利用游标卡尺原理实现的单偏振光纤激光器,其谐振腔是基于保偏光敏掺铒光纤的全保偏一体化线型腔。在高反射光栅上施加径向应力以增大双反射峰的波长间隔,调整低反射光栅的反射波长,使激光器只能满足其中一个偏振态的振荡条件,获得稳定的单偏振激光输出,功率波动小于0.2 dB,波长漂移小于0.01 nm。
(4)提出和验证了共掺铋提高Er~(3+)掺杂浓度的机理,并研制出峰值吸收系数高达97.7 dB/m的高浓度掺铒光纤,Er~(3+)掺杂浓度约为7650 ppm。这是至今作者所知的采用溶液掺杂技术在石英基光纤上实现的最高Er~(3+)掺杂浓度。
(5)建立了基于几何光学的准三维射线追踪模型,比较分析了泵浦注入条件、纤芯和内包层结构对双包层光纤泵浦吸收特性的影响。在此基础上设计出双包层高浓度掺铒光纤和双包层铒镱共掺光纤的结构参数,使其在光纤长度上具有近乎均匀的泵浦吸收特性。
Novel erbium-doped fibers including the photosensitive erbium-doped fiber, the high-concentration erbium-doped fiber and the double-clad erbium-doped fiber have great potential applications in optical fiber communication systems, fiber sensing systems, optical access systems, medical lasers, industrial processing systems and space optical communication systems. Consequently, novel erbium-doped fibers have attracted a worldwide attention. Under the supports of the projects of National High Technology Research and Development Program of China with Grant No. 2001AA312230 and 2004AA31G200, this dissertation is focused upon the theoretical and experimental studies on these types of novel erbium-doped fibers and related fiber lasers. The main research results have been achieved as follows.
(1) Some crucial stages, including soot deposition process, drying process and collapsing process, which can affect the final concentration of GeO_2 in the photosensitive erbium-doped fiber core, are investigated. By confirming the optimal fabrication conditions, a photosensitive erbium-doped fiber with a perfect performance is manufactured. Its peak absorption coefficient at 1530 nm is 27 dB/m, and a 5-m-long photosensitive erbium-doped fiber pumped with the power of 20 dBm can amplify a small signal by about 30 dB. Fiber Bragg gratings with their length of 25 mm and their reflectivity of 98.7% are inscripted into the photosensitive erbium-doped fiber by exploiting the phase mask method. A polarization-maintaining photosensitive erbium-doped fiber with the birefringence of 3.13×10~(-4) is further fabricated by using the lateral grooving method.
(2) A stable and switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with two fiber Bragg gratings written in the photosensitive and polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber directly is presented and experimentally demonstrated. Simultaneous dual-wavelength oscillation at room temperature and two stable single-wavelength lasing lines are achieved. The power fluctuation and the wavelength shift of single-wavelength oscillations are measured to be less than 0.24 dB and 0.013 nm over 2 hours.
(3) A compact single-polarization erbium-doped fiber laser by adopting vernier effect is experimentally demonstrated. The linear laser cavity consists of a piece of photosensitive and polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber with two high-birefringence fiber Bragg gratings written at its both ends respectively. The single-polarization regime of our proposed laser is achieved by applying a radial stress upon one of two gratings and stretching the other grating axially to adjust the reflection peak match. Two single-polarization oscillations are realized respectively with the maximal power fluctuation of 0.2 dB and the wavelength shift of 0.01 nm over an hour.
(4) The fact that the doping level of erbium ion in the fiber core can be increased rapidly by codoping bismuth ion is analyzed and comprehended in details. A highly erbium-doped fiber with its peak absoption coefficient of 97.7 dB/m at 1530 nm is manufactured by codoping bismuth ion. The erbium ion concentration reaches 7650 ppm which is, to the best of auther's knowledge, the highest doping level of erbium ion in silica host fiber by using solution doping technology.
(5) A quasi-three dimensional ray tracing model for analyzing the absorption properties of double-clad fibers is proposed based on geometry optics. The influences of injection area of pump lights, the size and the position of the fiber core, the shape of the inner cladding on absorption efficiency are investigated. On the basis of the numerical model, double-clad high-concentration erbium-doped fiber and double-clad erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiber are designed and optimized, respectively, to realize an approximately uniform absorption along the fibers.
引文
[1]R.J.Mears,L.Reekie,I.M.Jauncey,and D.N.Payne.Low-noise erbium-doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54μm.Electronics Letters,1987.23(19).pp.1026-1028.
[2]B.Dussardier and W.Blanc.Novel dopants for silica-based fiber amplifiers,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 2007 and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2007.OFC/NFOEC '2007.Anaheim,United states.2007.pp.1-3.
[3]S.Endo,S.Ishikawa,M.Kakui,M.Nishimura,and Y.Makio.High concentration Er-doped fiber for efficient L-band amplification with short length,in Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications 1999 and Fourth Optoelectronics and Communications Conference 1999.APCC/OECC '99.1999.1352.pp.1356-1357.
[4]J.S.Javorniczky,P.J.Newman,D.R.MacFarlane,D.J.Booth,and V.Bogdanov.High erbium content heavy metal fluoride glasses.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1995.184.pp.249-253.
[5]Y.Kimura and M.Nakazawa.Gain characteristics of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers with high erbium concentration.Electronics Letters,1992.28(15).pp.1420-1422.
[6]Y.Li,J.Huang,Y.Li,H.Li,Y.He,S.Gu,G.Chen,L.Liu,and L.Xu.Optical Properties and Laser Output of Heavily Yb-Doped Fiber Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and DC-RTA Technique.Journal of Lightwave Technology,2008.26(18).pp.3256-3260.
[7]常德远.高浓度掺铒光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[8]傅永军.稀土掺杂光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[9]卫延.新型特种光纤和相关制作工艺的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[10]郑凯.新型特种光纤及其相关器件的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[11]F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,B.Malo,K.A.Vineberg,K.O.Hill,T.F.Morse,A.Kilian,and L.Reinhart.Ultraviolet-light photosensitivity in Er3+-Ge-doped optical fiber.Optics Letters,1990.15(20).pp.1138-1140.
[12]G.M.Williams,T.Tsung-Ein,C.I.Merzbacher,and E.J.Friebele.Photosensitivity of rare-earth-doped ZBLAN fluoride glasses.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1997.15(8).pp.1357-1362.
[13]Y.Shen,T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,and M.Sun.Highly photosensitive Sb/Er/Ge-codoped silica fiber for writing fiber Bragg gratings with strong high-temperature sustainability.Optics Letters,2003.28(21).pp.2025-2027.
[14]G.Carlone,A.D'Orazio,M.De Sario,L.Mescia,V.Petruzzelli,and F.Prudenzano.Design of double-clad erbium-doped holey fiber amplifier.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2005.351(21-23).pp.1840-1845.
[15]A.D'Orazio,M.De Sario,L.Mescia,V.Petruzzelli,and F.Prudenzano.Design of double-clad ytterbium-doped microstructured fibre laser.Applied Surface Science,2005.248(1-4).pp.499-502.
[16]A.Liu,J.Song,K.Kamatani,and K.Ueda.Rectangular double-clad fibre laser with two-end-bundled pump.Electronics Letters,1996.32(18).pp.1673.
[17]P.Wang,L.J.Cooper,V.Shcheslavskiy,J.K.Sahu,and W.A.Clarkson.Cladding-pumped ytterbium-doped helical-core fiber laser,in Advanced Solid-State Photonics.2005.pp.542.
[18]R.Renner-Erny,L.Di Labio,and W.L(u|¨)thy.A novel technique for active fibre production.Optical Materials,2007.29(8).pp.919-922.
[19]M.S(o|¨)derlund,S.Tammela,H.Hoffman,B.Willson,and P.Stenius.Direct nanoparticle deposition builds active fibers.Lasers Focus World,2006.42(1).pp.103-111.
[20]S.Sudo.Optical Fiber Amplifiers:Materials,Devices,and Applications.Boston.Artech House,Inc.1997.
[21]J.E.Townsend,S.B.Poole,and D.N.Payne.Solution-doping technique for fabrication of rare-earth-doped optical fibres.Electronics Letters,1987.23(7).pp.329-331.
[22]S.Poole,D.Payne,R.Meats,M.Fermann,and R.Laming.Fabrication and characterization of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1986.4(7).pp.870-876.
[23]S.B.Poole,D.N.Payne,and M.E.Fermann.Fabrication of low-loss optical fibres containing rare-earth ions.Electronics Letters,1985.21(17).pp.737-738.
[24]G.G.Vienne,J.E.Caplen,L.Dong,J.D.Minelly,J.Nilsson,and D.N.Payne.Fabrication and Characterization of Yb3+:Er3+ Phosphosilicate Fibers for Lasers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1998.16(11).pp.1990.
[25]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,A.K.Mondal,S.Sen,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.Characterization of porous core layer for controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Express,2006.14(20).pp.9006-9015.
[26]M.Pal,R.Sen,M.C.Paul,S.K.Bhadra,S.Chatterjee,D.Ghosal,and K.Dasgupta.Investigation of the deposition of porous layers by the MCVD method for the preparation of rare-earth doped cores of optical fibres.Optics Communications,2005.254(1-3).pp.88-95.
[27]F.Z.Tang,P.McNamara,G.W.Barton,and S.P.Ringer.Nanoscale characterization of silica soots and aluminium solution doping in optical fibre fabrication.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2006.352(36-37).pp.3799-3807.
[28]K.O.Hill.Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:from discovery to commercialization.IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2000.6(6).pp.1186-1189.
[29]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,D.C.Johnson,and B.S.Kawasaki.Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filter fabrication.Applied Physics Letters,1978.32.pp.647-649.
[30]G.Meltz,W.W.Morey,and W.H.Glenn.Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method.Optics Letters,1989.14(15).pp.823-825.
[31]B.Malo,K.O.Hill,F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,and J.Albert.Point-by-point fabrication of micro-Bragg gratings in photosensitive fibre using single excimer pulse refractive index modification techniques.Electronics Letters,1993.29(18).pp.1668-1669.
[32]J.L.Archambault,L.Reekie,and P.S.J.Russell.100%reflectivity Bragg reflectors produced in optical fibres by single excimer laser pulses.Electronics Letters,1993.29(5).pp.453-455.
[33]C.G.Askins,T.E.Tsai,G.M.Williams,M.A.Putnam,M.Bashkansky,and E.J.Friebele.Fiber Bragg reflectors prepared by a single excimer pulse.Optics Letters,1992.17(11).pp.833-835.
[34]K.O.Hill,B.Malo,F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,and J.Albert.Bragg gratings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through in phase mask.Applied Physics Letters,1993.62(10).pp.1035-1037.
[35]L.Dong,J.L.Archambault,L.Reekie,P.S.J.Russell,and D.N.Payne.Photoinduced absorption change in germanosilicate preforms:evidence for the color-center model of photosensitivity.Applied Optics,1995.34(18).pp.3436-3440.
[36]D.P.Hand and P.S.J.Russell.Photoinduced refractive-index changes in germanosilicate fibers.Optics Letters,1990.15(2).pp.102.
[37]P.Y.Fonjallaz,H.G.Limberger,R.P.Salath,F.Cochet,and B.Leuenberger.Tension increase correlated to refractive-index change in fibers containing UV-written Bragg gratings.Optics Letters,1995.20(11).pp.1346-1348.
[38]D.Wong,S.B.Poole,and M.G.Sceats.Stress-birefringence reduction in elliptical-core fibers under ultraviolet irradiation.Optics Letters,1992.17(24).pp.1773-1775.
[39]M.V.Bazylenko,D.Moss,and J.Canning.Complex photosensitivity observed in germanosilica planar waveguides.Optics Letters,1998.23(9).pp.697-699.
[40]C.Fiori and R.A.B.Devine.Evidence for a wide continuum of polymorphs in a-SiO2.Physical Review B,1986.33(4).pp.2972.
[41]K.Tanaka,N.Toyosawa,and H.Hisakuni.Photoinduced Bragg gratings in As2S3 optical fibers. Optics Letters, 1995.20(19). pp. 1976-1978.
[42] T. Taunay, P. Niay, P. Bernage, E. X. Xie, H. Poignant, S. Boj, E. Delevaque, and M. Monerie. Ultraviolet-induced permanent Bragg gratings in cerium-doped ZBLAN glasses or optical fibers. Optics Letters, 1994.19(17). pp. 1269-1271.
[43] G. Chen, Y. Li, Y. He, L. Liu, L. Xu, and W. Wang. Photosensitivity and photoluminescence of Sn/Yb codoped silica optical fiber preform. Chinese Optics Letters, 2009.7(4). pp. 348-351.
[44] M. Douay, W. X. Xie, T. Taunay, P. Bernage, P. Niay, P. Cordier, B. Poumellec, L. Dong, J. F. Bayon, H. Poignant, and E. Delevaque. Densification involved in the UV-based photosensitivity of silica glasses and optical fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997. 15(8). pp. 1329-1342.
[45] Y. H. Shen, S. Pal, J. Mandal, T. Sun, K. T. V. Grattan, S. A. Wade, S. F. Collins, G W. Baxter, B. Dussardier, and G. Monnom. Investigation of the photosensitivity, temperature sustainability and fluorescence characteristics of several Er-doped photosensitive fibers. Optics Communications, 2004. 237(4-6). pp. 301-308.
[46] L. Dong, W. H. Loh, J. E. Caplen, K. Hsu, J. D. Minelly, and L. Reekie. Photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers for efficient single-frequency fiber lasers, in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1997. OFC '97. Dallas, USA. 1997. pp. 29-30.
[47] J. Li, P. Liu, S. Lu, W. Jing, X. Mao, H. Wei, Y. Fu, K. Zheng, T. Ning, T. Li, and S. Jian. Design and fabrication of erbium doped photosensitive fibers. Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences, 2009. 52(5). pp. 1234-1241.
[48] D. Pureur, M. Douay, P. Bernage, P. Niay, and J. F. Bayon. Single-polarization fiber lasers using Bragg gratings in Hi-Bi fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1995. 13(3). pp. 350-355.
[49] E. M. Dianov, K. M. Golant, R. R. Khrapko, A. S. Kurkov, B. Leconte, M. Douay, P. Bernage, and P. Niay. Grating formation in a germanium free silicon oxynitride fibre. Electronics Letters, 1997. 33(3). pp. 236-238.
[50] D. L. Williams, B. J. Ainslie, J. R. Armitage, R. Kashyap, and R. Campbell. Enhanced UV photosensitivity in boron codoped germanosilicate fibres. Electronics Letters, 1993. 29(1). pp. 45.
[51] B. Malo, J. Albert, F. Bilodeau, T. Kitagawa, D. C. Johnson, K. O. Hill, K. Hattori, Y. Hibino, and S. Gujrathi. Photosensitivity in phosphorus-doped silica glass and optical waveguides. Applied Physics Letters, 1994.65(4). pp. 394-396.
[52] X. C. Long and S. R. J. Brueck. Composition dependence of the photoinduced refractive-index change in lead silicate glasses. Optics Letters, 1999. 24(16). pp. 1136-1138.
[53] L. Dong, J. L. Archambault, L. Reekie, P. S. J. Russell, and D. N. Payne. Bragg gratings in Ce3+-doped fibers written by a single excimer pulse. Optics Letters, 1993. 18(11). pp. 861.
[54] L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, L. Reekie, M. G Xu, and D. N. Payne. Enhanced photosensitivity in tin-codoped germanosilicate optical fibers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1995. 7(9). pp. 1048-1050.
[55] L. Dong, L. Reekie, J. L. Cruz, and D. N. Payne. Grating formation in a phosphorus-doped germanosilicate fiber, in Optical Fiber Communications 1996. OFC '96. 1996. pp. 82-83.
[56] L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, J. A. Tucknott, L. Reekie, and D. N. Payne. Strong photosensitive gratings in tin-doped phosphosilicate optical fibers.Optics Letters,1995.20(19).pp.1982-1984.
[57]Y.Shen,J.Xia,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Photosensitive indium-doped germano-silica fiber for strong FBGs with high temperature sustainability.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2004.16(5).pp.1319-1321.
[58]M.Sejka,P.Varming,J.Hubner,and M.Kristensen,Distributed feedback Er~(3+)-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1445-1446.
[59]S.Agger,J.Povlsen,and P.Varming.Single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser.Optics Letters,2004.29(13).pp.1503-1505.
[60]G.A.Ball,W.W.Morey,and W.H.Glenn.Standing-wave monomode erbium fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1991.3(7).pp.613-615.
[61]J.L.Zyskind,V.Mizrahi,D.J.DiGiovanni,and J.W.Sulhoff.Short single frequency erbium-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1992.28(15).pp.1385-1387.
[62]W.H.Loh and R.I.Laming.1.55 μm phase-shifted distributed feedback fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1440-1442.
[63]O.Xu,S.Lu,S.Feng,Z.Tan,T.Ning,and S.Jian.Single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber laser with the fiber-Bragg-grating-based asymmetric two-cavity structure.Optics Communications,2009.282(5).pp.962-965.
[64]G.A.Ball and W.W.Morey.Efficient integrated Nd~(3+) fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1991.3(12).pp.1077-1078.
[65]宁提纲,裴丽,胡旭东,阮义,祁春慧,冯素春,许鸥,鲁韶华.单偏振双波长非保偏有源掺杂光纤激光器.中国激光,2008.35(12).pp.1868-1871.
[66]W.Guan and J.R.Marciante.Dual-frequency operation in a short-cavity ytterbium-doped fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2007.19(5).pp.261-263.
[67]D.Liu,N.Q.Ngo,X.Y.Dong,S.C.Tjin,and P.Shum.A stable dual-wavelength fiber laser with tunable wavelength spacing using a polarization-maintaining linear cavity.Applied Physics B:Lasers and Optics,2005.81(6).pp.807-811.
[68]J.Hernandez-Cordero,V.A.Kozlov,A.L.G.Carter,and T.F.Morse.Fiber laser polarization tuning using a Bragg grating in a Hi-Bi fiber.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1998.10(7).pp.941-943.
[69]陈根祥.光致折射率调制光纤BRAGG光栅的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学 1997.
[70]鲁韶华.特殊结构光纤光栅的研究和应用.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[71]M.G.Xu,J.L.Archambault,L.Reekie,and J.P.Dakin.Discrimination between strain and temperature effects using dual-wavelength fibre grating sensors.Electronics Letters,1994.30(13).pp.1085-1087.
[72]赵磊,孙伟民,姜富强,刘志海,朱玉华,李金娟,苑立波.荧光光纤光栅传感特性的实验研究.光子学报,2006.35(9).pp.1296-1300.
[73]S.A.Wade,S.F.Collins,and G.W.Baxter.Fluorescence intensity ratio technique for optical fiber point temperature sensing.Journal of Applied Physics,2003.94(8).pp.4743-4756.
[74]K.W.Quoi,R.A.Lieberman,L.G.Cohen,D.S.Shenk,and J.R.Simpson.Rare-earth doped optical fibers for temperature sensing.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1992.10(6).pp. 847-852.
[75]H.Kusama,O.J.Sovers,and T.Yoshioka.Line Shift Method for Phosphor Temperature Measurements.Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1976.15.pp.2349-2358.
[76]J.Castrellon-Ufibe.Experimental results of the performance of an erbium-doped fiber sensor.in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004.CLEO '2004.2004.1.pp.3.
[77]J.Castrellon-Uribe.Experimental results of the performance of a laser fiber as a remote sensor of temperature.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2005.43(6).pp.633-644.
[78]T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,and W.M.Sun.Fluorescence based optical fibre fire alarm system [for aeroengine application],in the 15th Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors 2002.OFS '2002.2002.471.pp.471-474.
[79]I.Kamma,P.Kommidi,and B.R.Reddy.Design of a high temperature sensing system using luminescence lifetime measurement.Review of Scientific Instruments,2008.79(9).pp.096104-096103.
[80]Y.W.Lee and B.Lee.High resolution cryogenic optical fiber sensor system using erbium-doped fiber.Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2002.96(1).pp.25-27.
[81]L.Yong Wook and L.Byoungho.High resolution cryogenic optical fiber sensor system using erbium-doped fiber,in the 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001.CLEO/Pacific Rim '2001.2001.491.pp.I-494-I-495.
[82]T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,W.M.Sun,S.A.Wade,and B.D.Powell.Rare-earth doped optical fiber approach to an alarm system for fire and heat detection.Review of Scientific Instruments,2003.74(1).pp.250-255.
[83]Y.Liu,S.Burtsev,S.Tsuda,S.P.Hegarty,R.S.Mozdy,M.Hempstead,G.G.Luther,and R.G.Smart.Four-wave mixing in EDFAs.Electronics Letters,1999.35(24).pp.2130-2131.
[84]K.Song and M.Premaratne.Effects of SPM,XPM,and four-wave-mixing in L-band EDFAs on fiber-optic signal transmission.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000.12(12).pp.1630-1632.
[85]S.Tammela,M.Hotoleanu,P.Kiiveri,H.Valkonen,S.Sarkilahti,and K.Janka.Very Short Er-Doped Silica Glass Fiber for L-band Amplifiers.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 2003.OFC '2003.2003.pp.376-377.
[86]H.Po,E.Snitzer,R.Tumminelli,L.Zenteno,E Hakimi,N.M.Cho,and T.Haw.Double Clad High Brightness Nd Fiber Laser Pumped by GaAlAs Phased Array.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1989.OFC '89.1989.pp.PD7.
[87]E.Snitzer,H.Po,F.Hakimi,R.Tumminelli,and B.C.McCollum.Double Clad,Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser.in Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors 1988.OFS '88.1988.pp.PD5.
[88]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,S.K.Bhadra,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.An improved method of controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Communications,2007.277(2).pp.329-334.
[89]F.Yan,L.Wang,H.Wei,Y,Fu,W.Jian,X.Mao,J.Li,L.Liu,J,Peng,and S.Jian.Investigation of co-doping Al~(3+) in ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber.Acta Physica Sinica,2009.58(3).pp.1793-1796.
[90]S.S.H.Yam,Y.Akasaka,Y.Kubota,R.Huang,D.L.Harris,and J.Pan.Transient Dynamics of Fluoride-Based High Concentration Erbium-Cerium Codoped Fiber Amplifier.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2004.16(2).pp.425-427.
[91]S.Tanabe,N.Sugimoto,S.Ito,and T.Hanada.Broad-band 1.5 μm emission of Er~(3+) ions in bismuth-based oxide glasses for potential WDM amplifier.Journal of Luminescence,2000.87.pp.670-672.
[92]H.Hayashi,N.Sugimoto,and S.Tanabe.High-performance and wideband amplifier using bismuth-oxide-based EDF with cascade configurations.Optical Fiber Technology,2006.12(3).pp.282-287.
[93]B.-C.Hwang,S.Jiang,T.Luo,K.Seneschal,G.Sorbello,M.Morrell,F.Smektala,S.Honkanen,J.Lucas,and N.Peyghambarian.Performance of high-concentration Er~(3+)-doped phosphate fiber amplifiers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001.13(3).pp.197-199.
[94]Y.Hu,S.Jiang,T.Luo,K.Seneschal,M.Morrell,F.Smektala,S.Honkanen,J.Lueas,and N.Peyghambarian.Performance of high-concentration Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)-codoped phosphate fiber amplifiers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001.13(7).pp.657-659.
[95]J.Chun,H.Weisheng,and Z.Qingji.Improved gain performance of high concentration Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)-codoped phosphate fiber amplifier.IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,2005.41(5).pp.704-708.
[96]S.Dai,T.Xu,Q.Nie,X.Shen,and X.Wang.Fabrication and gain performance of Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)-codoped tellurite glass fiber.Journal of Rare Earths,2008.26(6).pp.915-918.
[97]J.Zhang,S.Dai,G.Wang,H.Sun,L.Zhang,and L.Hu.Fabrication and emission properties of Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) codoped tellurite glass fiber for broadband optical amplification.Journal of Luminescence,2005.115(1-2).pp.45-52.
[98]J.Zhang,S.Dai,S.Xu,G.Wang,and L.Hu.Fabrication and amplified spontaneous emission spectrum of Er~(3+)-doped tellurite glass fiber with D-shape cladding.Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2005.387(1-2).pp.308-312.
[99]A.Mori,K.Kobayashi,M.Yamada,T.Kanamori,K.Oikawa,Y.Nishida,and Y.Ohishi.Low noise broadband tellurite-based Er~(3+)-doped fibre amplifiers.Electronics Letters,1998.34(9).pp.887-888.
[100]A.V.Belov,E.M.Dianov,G.G.Devy'atykh,V.F.Khopin,A.N.Gur'yanov,and Y.B.Zverev.Optical and gain characteristics of high-concentration erbium-doped fibers on base of cesium-silicate glasses,in Conference on Optics Fiber Communication 1997.OFC '97.Dallas,USA.1997.pp.181-182.
[101]A.V.Belov,E.M.Dianov,G.G.Devy'atykh,V.F.Khopin,A.N.Gur'yanov,and Y.B.Zverev.Erbium-Doped Fibers Based on Cesium-Silicate Glasses.optical Fiber Technology,2000.6(1).pp.61-67.
[102]V.Khopin,A.Umnikov,A.Gur'yanov,M.Bubnov,A.Senatorov,and E.Dianov.Doping of optical fiber preforms via porous silica layer infiltration with salt solutions.Inorganic Materials,2005.41(3).pp.303-307.
[103]F.Z.Tang,P.McNamara,G.W.Barton,and S.P.Ringer.Multiple solution-doping in optical fibre fabrication Ⅱ-Rare-earth and aluminium co-doping,Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008.354(15-16).pp.1582-1590.
[104]张帆.大功率光纤激光器的关键单元技术研究.[博士学位论文]北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[105]A.Liu and K.Ueda.The absorption characteristics of circular,offset,and rectangular double-clad fibers.Optics Communications,1996.132(5-6).pp.511-518.
[106]R.Hofer,M.Hofer,and G.A.Reider.High energy,sub-picosecond pulses from a Nd-doped double-clad fiber laser.Optics Communications,1999.169(1).pp.135-139.
[107]Z.Jiang and J.R.Marciante.Mode-area scaling of helical-core dual-clad fiber lasers and amplifiers,in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2005.CLEO '2005.2005.1843.pp.1849-1851.
[108]P.Wang,L.J.Cooper,R.B.Williams,J.K.Sahu,and W.A.Clarkson.Helical-core ytterbium-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,2004.40(21).pp.1325-1326.
[109]P.Filip,A.Grobelny,and J.S.Witkowski.Efficiency of active Double-Clad fiber pumping in different types of fibers,in the 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2008.ICTON '2008.2008.pp.353-356.
[110]P.Leproux,S.Fevrier,V.Doya,P.Roy,and D.Pagnoux.Modeling and Optimization of Double-Clad Fiber Amplifiers Using Chaotic Propagation of the Pump.Optical Fiber Technology,2001.7(4).pp.324-339.
[111]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Numerical simulation based optimization of the absorption efficiency in double-clad fibres.Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied optics,2006.8(1).pp.49-61.
[112]L.Philippe,V.Doya,R.Philippe,P.Dominique,M.Fabrice,and L.Olivier.Experimental study of pump power absorption along rare-earth-doped double clad optical fibres,optics Communications,2003.218(4-6).pp.249-254.
[113]G.Xia,J.Duan,S.Zhao,and S.Dong.Light propagation in the multi-mode double-clad erbium:ytterbium co-doped fiber:theory and experiment.Optics & Laser Technology,2004.36(4).pp.273-277.
[114]http://www.coractive.com/an/pdf/Ybdoublecladfiber.pdf.
[115]A.Martinez-Rios,R.Selvas-Aguilar,I.Torres-Gomez,F.Mendoza-Santoyo,H.Po,A.N.Starodumov,and Y.Wang.Double-clad Yb3+-doped fiber lasers with virtually non-circular cladding geometry,optics Communications,2005.246(4-6).pp.385-392.
[116]M.Aslund,J.Canning,S.Jackson,A.Teixeira,and K.Lyytik(a|¨)inen.Diffraction in air-clad fibres.Optics Express,2005.13(14).pp.5227-5233.
[117]W.Wadsworth,R.Percival,G.Bouwmans,J.Knight,and P.Russell.High power air-clad photonic crystal fibre laser.Optics Express,2003.11(1).pp.48-53.
[118]H.Ono,M.Yamada,and Y.Ohishi.Gain-flattened Er3+-doped fiber amplifier for a WDM signal in the 1.57-1.60-m wavelength region.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1997.9(5).pp.596-598.
[119]G.Wilson,J.-M.Delavaux,A.Stentz,I.Ryazansky,R.Windeler,M.Fishteyn,and C.McIntosh.Low-noise 1-Watt Er/Yb fiber amplifier for CATV distribution in HFC and FTTH/C systems,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 2000.OFC '2000.Baltimore,USA.2000.4.pp.58-60.
[120]B.Brichard,A.F.Fernandez,H.Ooms,and F.Berghmans.Study of the radiation-induced optical sensitivity in erbium and aluminium doped fibres,in the 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems 2004.RADECS '2004.Noordwijk, Netherlands.2004.pp.35-38.
[121]L.Dong,W.H.Loh,J.E.Caplen,J.D.Minelly,K.Hsu,and L.Reekie.Efficient single-frequency fiber lasers with novel photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers.Optics Letters,1997.22(10).pp.694-696.
[122]N.Chiodini,A.Paleari,G.Spinolo,A.Chiasera,M.Ferrari,G.Brambilla,and E.R.Taylor.Photosensitive erbium doped tin-silicate glass.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2002.311(3).pp.217-222.
[123]P.Roy Chaudhuri,J.R.Panda,H.N.Acharaya,M.Dokhanian,and A.Sharma.Customized MCVD fabrication of different application-type silica optical fibers and their FBG inscription characteristics.Optics & Laser Technology,2007.39(3).pp.470-474.
[124]傅永军,简伟,郑凯,简水生,掺铒光纤的纤芯折射率.中国激光,2006.33(3).pp.347-350.
[125]A.S.Kurkov,O.I.Medvedkov,V.I.Karpov,S.A.Vasiliev,O.A.Lexin,E.M.Dianov,A.N.Gur'yanov,A.A.Laptev,A.Umnikov,and N.I.Vechkanov.Photosensitive Yb-doped double-clad fiber for fiber lasers,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1999.OFC '99.1999.pp.3.
[126]S.Agger,J.H.Povlsen,and P.Varming.Single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser.Optics Letters,2004.29(13).pp.1503-1505.
[127]Y.O.Barmenkov,A.V.Kir'yanov,J.Mora,J.L.Cruz,and M.V.Andres.Continuous-wave and giant-pulse operations of a single-frequency erbium-doped fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2005.17(1).pp.28-30.
[128]http://www.coractive.com/an/pdf/hco_4000.pdf.
[129]http://www.nufern.com/fiber_detail.php/116.
[130]蒋作文,李进延.高掺杂铒光纤结构优化和掺杂方法的研究.网络通信,2005.5.pp.29-31.
[131]N.Da,Y.Qiao,L.Yang,M.Peng,C.Wang,Q.Zhou,C.Zhao,J.Qiu,C.Zhu,D.Chen,and A.Tomoko.High quantum efficiency and high concentration erbium-doped silica glasses fabricated by sintering nanoporous glasses.Journal of Rare Earths,2006.24(6).pp.761-764.
[132]Y.Shen,Y.Qiu,B.Wu,W.Zhao,S.Chen,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Short cavity single frequency fiber laser for in-situ sensing applications over a wide temperature range.Optics Express,2007.15(2).pp.363-370.
[133]傅永军,郑凯,常德远,魏淮,延凤平,简水生.短腔的高浓度掺铒光纤激光器.光电工程,2007.34(11).pp.46-49.
[134]http://www.nufern.com/fiber_detail.php/113.
[135]http://www.coractive.com/an/pdf/highpowererdoped.pdf.
[136]http://www.nlight.net/fibers/details/36～LIEKKI-Er1104125.
[137]D.Kouznetsov,J.V.Moloney,and E.M.Wright.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.Ⅰ.Fiber with circular symmetry.Journal of the Optics Society of America B,2001.18(6).pp.743-749.
[138]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Double-clad fibre numerical optimization with a simplex method,in Conference on Solid State Lasers and Amplifiers 2006.Strasbourg,France.2006.6190.pp.61900L.
[139]I.Dritsas.Stochastic modelling and simulation-based optimization of specialty fibres for high power fibre lasers.[Ph.D thesis].London.City University.2007.
[140]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Stochastic optimization of conventional and holey double-clad fibres.Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied Optics,2007.9(4).pp.405-421.
[141]A.Grobelny,J.Witkowski,and E.Beres-Pawlik.The Numerical Predictions of the Parameters of Asymmetrical Couplers which Pump Double-Clad Lasers.in International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2006.ICTON '2006.2006.pp.185-188.
[142]J.S.Witkowski and A.Grobelny.Ray Tracing Method Applied for DC Fibers.in Transparent Optical Networks,2007.ICTON '07.9th International Conference on.2007.pp.321-323.
[143]J.Xu,J.Lu,J.Lu,and K.-I.Ueda.Influence of cross-sectional shape on absorption characteristics of double-clad fiber lasers,in Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2002.CLEO '2002.Long Beach,United states.2002.pp.520-521.
[144]徐晟,王子华.用耦合功率理论分析缺陷双包层光纤吸收效率.光电子·激光,2005.16(4).pp.425-428.
[145]V.Doya,O.Legrand,and F.Mortessagne.Optimized absorption in a chaotic double-clad fiber amplifier.Optics Letters,2001.26(12).pp.872-874.
[146]V.Doya,O.Legrand,F.Mortessagne,and C.Miniatura.Speckle statistics in a chaotic multimode fiber.Physical Review E,2002.65(5).pp.056223.
[147]D.Kouznetsov and J.V.Moloney.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.Ⅱ.Broken circular symmetry.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2002.19(6).pp.1259-1263.
[1]F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,B.Malo,K.A.Vineberg,K.O.Hill,T.F.Morse,A.Kilian,and L.Reinhart.Ultraviolet-light photosensitivity in Er~(3+)-Ge-doped optical fiber.Optics Letters,1990.15(20).pp.1138-1140.
[2]W.H.Loh and R.I.Laming.1.55 μm phase-shifted distributed feedback fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1440-1442.
[3]M.Sejka,P.Varming,J.Hubner,and M.Kristensen.Distributed feedback Er~(3+)-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1445-1446.
[4]傅永军.稀土掺杂光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[5]傅永军,简伟,郑凯,简水生.掺铒光纤的纤芯折射率.中国激光,2006.33(3).pp.347-350.
[6]L.Dong,W.H.Loh,J.E.Caplen,K.Hsu,J.D.Minelly,and L.Reekie.Photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers for efficient single-frequency fiber lasers,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1997.OFC '97.Dallas,USA.1997.pp.29-30.
[7]L.Dong,W.H.Loh,J.E.Caplen,J.D.Minelly,K.Hsu,and L.Reekie.Efficient single-frequency fiber lasers with novel photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers.Optics Letters,1997.22(10).pp.694-696.
[8]J.Li,P.Liu,S.Lu,J.Wangg,X.Mao,H.Wei,Y.Fu,K.Zheng,T.Ning,T.Li,and S.Jian.Design and fabrication of erbium doped photosensitive fibers.Science in China,Series E:Technological Sciences,2009.52(5).pp.1234-1241.
[9]Y.Shen,T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,and M.Sun.Highly photosensitive Sb/Er/Ge-codoped silica fiber for writing fiber Bragg gratings with strong high-temperature sustainability.Optics Letters,2003.28(21).pp.2025-2027.
[10]Y.H.Shen,S.Pal,J.Mandal,T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,S.A.Wade,S.F.Collins,G.W.Baxter,B.Dussardier,and G.Monnom.Investigation of the photosensitivity,temperature sustainability and fluorescence characteristics of several Er-doped photosensitive fibers.Optics Communications,2004.237(4-6).pp.301-308.
[11]P.Roy Chaudhuri,J.R.Panda,H.N.Acharaya,M.Dokhanian,and A.Sharma.Customized MCVD fabrication of different application-type silica optical fibers and their FBG inscription characteristics.Optics & Laser Technology,2007.39(3).pp.470-474.
[12]J.L.Philipsen,M.O.Berendt,P.Varming,V.C.Lauridsen,J.H.Povlsen,J.Hubner,M.Kristensen,and B.Palsdottir.Polarisation control of DFB fibre laser using UV-induced birefringent phase-shift.Electronics Letters,1998.34(7).pp.678-679.
[13]S.Sudo.Optical Fiber Amplifiers:Materials,Devices,and Applications.Boston.Artech House,Inc.1997.
[14]K.Arai,H.Namikawa,Y.Ishii,H.Imai,H.Hosono,and Y.Abe.Nature of doping into pure silica glass by plasma torch CVD.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1987.95-96(Part 1).pp.609-616.
[15]M.Shimizu,M.Yamada,M.Horiguchi,and E.Sugita.Concentration effect on optical amplification characteristics of Er-doped silica single-mode fibers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1990.2(1).pp.43-45.
[16]W.H.Zachariasen.The Atomic Arrangement in Glass.Journal of the American Chemical Society,2002.54(10).pp.3841-3851.
[17]唐仁杰,曹美娥.提高MCVD工艺单模光纤生产率的新技术.光通信研究,1998.4.pp.24-31.
[18]郑凯.新型特种光纤及其相关器件的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[19]M.Pal,R.Sen,M.C.Paul,S.K.Bhadra,S.Chatterjee,D.Ghosal,and K.Dasgupta.Investigation of the deposition of porous layers by the MCVD method for the preparation of rare-earth doped cores of optical fibres.Optics Communications,2005.254(1-3).pp.88-95.
[20]S.R.Nagel,J.B.MacChesney,and K.L.Walker.An Overview of the Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition(MCVD) Process and Performance IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1982.QE-18(4).pp.459-476.
[21]卫延.新型特种光纤和相关制作工艺的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[22]魏淮,郑凯,毛向桥,彭健,李宏雷.低温气体制冷提高MCVD沉积效率与质量的方法和装置.中国.发明专利.200610169729.7.2007.09.26.pp.1-13
[23]K.L.Walker,J.W.Harvey,F.T.Geyling,and S.R.Nagel.Consolidation of Participate Layers in the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Preforms.Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1980.63.pp.96-102.
[24]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,S.K.Bhadra,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.An improved method of controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Communications,2007.277(2).pp.329-334.
[25]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,A.K.Mondal,S.Sen,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.Characterization of porous core layer for controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Express,2006.14(20).pp.9006-9015.
[26]G.G.Vienne,J.E.Caplen,L.Dong,J.D.Minelly,J.Nilsson,and D.N.Payne.Fabrication and Characterization of Yb3+:Er3+ Phosphosilicate Fibers for Lasers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1998.16(11).pp.1990.
[27]常德远.高浓度掺铒光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[28]D.L.Wood,K.L.Walker,J.B.Macchesney,J.R.Simpson,and R.Csencsits.Germanium Chemistry in the MCVD Process for Optical Fiber Fabrication.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1987.LT-5(2).pp.277-285.
[29]K.Chida,F.Hanawa,and M.Nakahara.Fabrication of OH-free multimode fiber by vapor phase axial deposition.IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1982.18(11).pp.1883-1889.
[30]G.A.Miller,C.G.Askins,G.A.Cranch,and E.J.Friebele.Early Index Growth in Germanosilicate Fiber Upon Exposure to Continuous-Wave Ultraviolet Light.Journal of Lightwave Technology,2007.25(4).pp.1034-1044.
[31]许鸥.基于光纤光栅的光纤激光器、滤波器和倾斜光纤光栅的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[32]T.Erdogan.Fiber grating spectra.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1997.15(8).pp.1277-1294.
[33]H.Patrick and S.L.Gilbert.Growth of Bragg gratings produced by continuous-wave ultraviolet light in optical fiber.Optics Letters,1993.18(18).pp.1484.
[34]李彬.用于色散补偿、光纤激光器中的光纤光栅.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[1]R.J.Mears,L.Reekie,I.M.Jauncey,and D.N.Payne.Low-noise erbium-doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54 μm.Electronics Letters,1987.23(19).pp.1026-1028.
[2]鲁韶华.特殊结构光纤光栅的研究和应用.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[3]许鸥.基于光纤光栅的光纤激光器、滤波器和倾斜光纤光栅的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[4]张欣.光通信系统中掺铒光纤激光器的研究.[博士学位论文].兰州.兰州大学.2007.
[5]G.Das.Multiwavelength Fiber Laser.[Dissertation].Waterloo,Canada.University of Waterloo.2003.
[6]周炳琨,高以智,陈倜嵘,陈家骅.激光原理(第4版).北京.国防工业出版社.2000.
[7]J.Sun,J.Qiu,and D.Huang.Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers exploiting polarization hole burning.Optics Communications,2000.182(1-3).pp.193-197.
[8]X.Mao,F.Yan,L.Wang,S.Feng,J.Peng,and S.Jian.Incorporate,switchable dual-wavelength fiber laser with Bragg gratings written in a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber.Optics Communications,2009.282(1).pp.93-96.
[9]O.Deparis,R.Kiyan,S.A.Vasiliev,V.O.I.Medvedkov,E.M.Dianov,O.Pottiez,P.Megret,and M.Blondel.Polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg gratings for wavelength selection in actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber lasers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001.13(4).pp.284-286.
[10]娄淑琴,毛向桥,卫延,李宏雷,李坚.利用侧向对称开槽制作熊猫型保偏光纤及方法.中国.发明专利.200610169807.3.2007.09.12.pp.1-9.
[11]卫延.新型特种光纤和相关制作工艺的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[12]冈崎岩,土屋一郎,石川真二,吉田元秀,春明彻也,相马一之.保偏光纤及其制造方法.中国.发明专利.03805091.9.2005.07.13.pp.1-30.
[13]汪洪海,涂峰,童维军.一种保偏光纤的制造方法.中国.发明专利.200810197409.1.2009.03.18.pp.1-14.
[14]申云华.熊猫保偏光纤的制备方法 中国.发明专利.99127132.7.2001.07.04.pp.1-8.
[15]梁毅.特种光纤的研究和试制.[博士学位论文].北京.北方交通大学.1988.
[16]夏历,李栩辉,殷玉喆,冯佳,毛晋,陈向飞,谢世钟.在保偏光纤上制作光纤光栅的应用研究.光学学报,2002.22(8).pp.1004-1007.
[17]Q.Mao and J.W.Y.Lit.Switchable Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser With Cascaded Fiber Grating Cavities.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2002.14(5).pp. 612-614.
[18]C.Zhao,X.Yang,C.Lu,J.H.Ng,X.Guo,P.R.Chaudhuri,and X.Dong.Switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers by using cascaded fiber Bragg gratings written in high birefringence fiber.Optics Commununications,2004.230(4-6).pp.52-56.
[19]M.L.Dennis,R.M.Sova,and T.R.Clark.Microwave Frequency Generation up to 27.5 GHz Using a Dual-Wavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser.in 2007 Digest of the IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings.2007.pp.194-195.
[20]M.L.Dennis,R.M.Sova,and T.R.Clark.Dual-Wavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser for Microwave Frequency Generation.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2007.OFC/NFOEC '2007.2007.pp.1-3.
[21]C.-L.Zhao,Z.Li,M.S.Demokan,X.Yang,and W.Jin.Switchable multiwavelength SOA-fiber ring laser based on a slanted multimode fiber Bragg grating.Optics Communications,2005.252(1-3).pp.52-57.
[22]C.J.S.d.Matos,D.A.Chestnut,P.C.Reeves-Hall,F.Koch,and J.R.Taylor.Multi-wavelength,continuous wave fibre Raman ring laser operating at 1.55 μm.Electronics Letters,2001.37(13).pp.825-826.
[23]X.Feng,H.-y.Tam,H.Liu,and P.K.A.Wai.Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser employing a nonlinear optical loop mirror.Optics Communications,2006.268(2).pp.278-281.
[24]X.Feng,H.-y.Tam,W.-h.Chung,and P.K.A.Wai.Multiwavelength fiber lasers based on multimode fiber Bragg gratings using offset launch technique.Optics Communications,2006.263(2).pp.295-299.
[25]S.Yamashita and K.Hotate.Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser using intracavity etalon and cooled by liquid nitrogen.Electronics Letters,1996.32(14).pp.1298-1299.
[26]O.Graydon,W.H.Loh,R.I.Laming,and L.Dong.Triple-Frequency Operation of an Er-Doped Twincore Fiber Loop Laser IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1996.8(1).pp.63-65.
[27]G.Das and J.W.Y.Lit.L-Band Multiwavelength Fiber Laser Using an Elliptical Fiber.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2002.14(5).pp.606-608.
[28]A.Zhang,M.S.Demokan,and H.Y.Tam.Room temperature multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber.Optics Communications,2006.260(2).pp.670-674.
[29]J.J.Veselka and S.K.Korotky.Multiwavelength source having precise channel spacing for WDM systems.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1998.10(7).pp.958-960.
[30]K.Zhou,D.Zhou,F.Dong,and N.Q.Ngo.Room-temperature multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser employing sinusoidal phase-modulation feedback.Optics Letters,2003.28(11).pp.893-895.
[31]A.Bellemare,M.Karasek,M.Rochette,S.LRochelle,and M.Tetu.Room temperature multifrequency erbium-doped fiber lasers anchored on the ITU frequency grid.Journal of Lightwave Technology,2000.18(6).pp.825-831.
[32]Z.Liu,Y.Liu,J.Du,S.Yuan,and X.Dong.Switchable triple-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using a single fiber Bragg grating in polarization-maintaining fiber.Optics Communications,2007.279(1).pp.168-172.
[33]M.G.Taylor.Observation of new polarization dependence effect in long hauloptically amplified system.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1993.5(10).pp.1244-1246.
[34]V.J.Mazurczyk and C.D.Poole.The Effect of Birefringence on Polarization Hole Burning in Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers.in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications 1994.Vol.14 of 1994 OSA Technical Digest Series.pp.ThB3.
[35]V.J.Mazurczyk and J.L.Zyskind.Polarization dependent gain in erbium doped-fiber amplifiers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1994.6(5).pp.616-618.
[36]D.P.Hand and P.S.J.Russell.Photoinduced refractive-index changes in germanosilicate fibers.Optics Letters,1990.15(2).pp.102.
[37]R.Leners and T.Georges.Numerical and analytical modeling of polarization-dependent gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1995.12(10).pp.1942-1954.
[38]X.Chen,Z.Deng,and J.Yao.Photonie generation of microwave signal using a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode fiber ring laser.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2006.54(2).pp.804-809.
[39]Z.Deng and J.Yao.Photonic generation of microwave signal using a rational harmonic mode-locked fiber ring laser.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2006.54(2).pp.763-767.
[40]S.Pan and J.Yao.Frequency-switchable microwave generation based on a dual-wavelength single-longitudinalmode fiber laser incorporating a high-finesse ring filter.Optics Express,2009.17(14).pp.12167-12173.
[41]S.Agger,J.H.Povlsen,and P.Varming.Single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser.Optics Letters,2004.29(13).pp.1503-1505.
[42]S.Yamashita and G.J.Cowle.Single-polarization operation of fiber distributed feedback (DFB) lasers by injection locking.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1999.17(3).pp.509-513.
[43]D.Y.Stepanov,J.Canning,L.Poladian,R.Wyatt,G.Maxwell,R.Smith,and R.Kashyap.Apodized Distributed-Feedback Fiber Laser.optical Fiber Technology,1999.5(2).pp.209-214.
[44]H.Storoy,B.Sahlgren,and R.Stubbe.Single polarisation fibre DFB laser.Electronics Letters,1997.33(1).pp.56-58.
[45]A.Wang,H.Ming,F.Li,L,Xu,L.Lu,H.Gui,J.Huang,and J.Xie.Single-frequency,single-polarization ytterbium-doped fiber laser by self-injection locking.Chinese Optics Letters,2004.2(4).pp.223-225.
[46]J.K.Sahu,C.C.Renaud,J.Nilsson,W.A.Clarkson,S.A.Alam,and A.B.Grudinin.Single-polarization laser operation in polarization-maintaining single-polarization pumped erbium-doped fiber,in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001.CLEO '01.2001.pp.322-323.
[47]D.Pureur,M.Douay,P.Bernage,P.Niay,and J.F.Bayon.Single-polarization fiber lasers using Bragg gratings in Hi-Bi fibers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1995.13(3).pp.350-355.
[48]刘艳.光纤光栅基器件的研制与应用.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[49]L.Sun,X.Feng,W.Zhang,L.Xiong,Y.Liu,G.Kai,S.Yuan and X.Dong.Beating frequency tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with one fiber bragg grating.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2004.16(6).pp.1453-1455.
[1]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,S.K.Bhadra,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.An improved method of controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Communications,2007.277(2).pp.329-334.
[2]M.Pal,R.Sen,M.C.Paul,S.K.Bhadra,S.Chatterjee,D.Ghosal,and K.Dasgupta.Investigation of the deposition of porous layers by the MCVD method for the preparation of rare-earth doped cores of optical fibres.Optics Communications,2005.254(1-3).pp.88-95.
[3]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,A.K.Mondal,S.Sen,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.Characterization of porous core layer for controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics.Express,2006.14(20).pp.9006-9015.
[4]V.Khopin,A.Umnikov,A.Gur'yanov,M.Bubnov,A.Senatorov,and E.Dianov.Doping of optical fiber preforms via porous silica layer infiltration with salt solutions.Inorganic Materials,2005.41(3).pp.303-307.
[5]傅永军.稀土掺杂光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[6]常德远.高浓度掺铒光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[7]E.Snitzer,H.Po,F.Hakimi,R.Tumminelli,and B.C.McCollum.Double Clad,Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser.in Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors 1988.OFS '88.1988.pp.PD5.
[8]H.Po,E.Snitzer,R.Tumminelli,L.Zenteno,F.Hakimi,N.M.Cho,and T.Haw.Double Clad High Brightness Nd Fiber Laser Pumped by GaAlAs Phased Array.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1989.OFC '89.1989.pp.PD7.
[9]Y.Shen,Y.Qiu,B.Wu,W.Zhao,S.Chen,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Short cavity single frequency fiber laser for in-situ sensing applications over a wide temperature range.Optics.Express,2007.15(2).pp.363-370.
[10]S.Tanabe,N.Sugimoto,S.lto,and T.Hanada.Broad-band 1.5 m emission of Er3+ ions in bismuth-based oxide glasses for potential WDM amplifier.Journal of Luminescence,2000.87(pp.670-672.
[11]H.Sotobayashi,J.T.Gopinath,and E.P.Ippen.23 cm long Bi2O3-based EDFA for picosecond pulse amplification with 80 nm gain bandwidth.Electronics Letters,2003.39(19).pp.1374-1375.
[12]H.Hayashi,N.Sugimoto,and S.Tanabe.High-performance and wideband amplifier using bismuth-oxide-based EDF with cascade configurations.Optical Fiber Technology,2006.12(3).pp.282-287.
[13]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth(Ⅲ)_oxide.
[14]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth(Ⅲ)_chloride.
[15]F.Yan,L.Wang,H.Wei,Y,Fu,W.Jian,X.Mao,J.Li,L.Liu,J,Peng,and S.Jian.Investigation of co-doping Al 3+ in ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber.Acta Physica Sinica,,2009.58(3).pp.1793-1796.
[16]C.R.Giles and E.Desurvire.Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1991.9(2).pp.271-283.
[17]陈根祥.光波技术基础.北京.中国铁道出版社.2000.
[18]W.L.Barnes,R.I.Laming,E.J.Tarbox,and P.R.Morkel.Absorption and emission cross section of Er~(3+) doped silica fibers.IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1991.27(4).pp.1004-1010.
[19]A.Liu and K.Ueda.The absorption characteristics of circular,offset,and rectangular double-clad fibers.Optics Communications,1996.132(5-6).pp.511-518.
[20]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Numerical simulation based optimization of the absorption efficiency in double-clad fibres.Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied Optics,2006.8(1).pp.49-61.
[21]A.Grobelny,J.Witkowski,and E.Beres-Pawlik.The Numerical Predictions of the Parameters of Asymmetrical Couplers which Pump Double-Clad Lasers.in International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2006.ICTON '2006.2006.pp.185-188.
[22]I.Dritsas.Stochastic modelling and simulation-based optimization of specialty fibres for high power fibre lasers.[Ph.D thesis].London.City University.2007.
[23]J.S.Witkowski and A.Grobelny.Ray Tracing Method Applied for DC Fibers.in 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2007.ICTON '2007.2007.pp.321-323.
[24]P.Filip,A.Grobelny,and J.S.Witkowski.Efficiency of active Double-Clad fiber pumping in different types of fibers,in 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2008.ICTON '2008.2008.pp.353-356.
[25]J.Xu,J.Lu,J.Lu,and K.-I.Ueda.Influence of cross-sectional shape on absorption characteristics of double-clad fiber lasers,in Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics 2002.CLEO '2002.Long Beach,United states.2002.pp.520-521.
[26]徐晟,王子华.用耦合功率理论分析缺陷双包层光纤吸收效率.光电子激光,2005.16(4).pp.425-428.
[27]P.Leproux,S.Fevrier,V.Doya,P.Roy,and D.Pagnoux.Modeling and Optimization of Double-Clad Fiber Amplifiers Using Chaotic Propagation of the Pump.Optical Fiber Technology,2001.7(4).pp.324-339.
[28]S.W.McDonald and A.N.Kaufman.Wave chaos in the stadium:Statistical properties of short-wave solutions of the Helmholtz equation.Physical Review A,1988.37(8).pp.3067.
[29]V.Doya,O.Legrand,and F.Mortessagne.Optimized absorption in a chaotic double-clad fiber amplifier.Optics Letters,2001.26(12).pp.872-874.
[30]V.Doya,O.Legrand,F.Mortessagne,and C.Miniatura.Speckle statistics in a chaotic multimode fiber.Physical Review E,2002.65(5).pp.056223.
[31]D.Kouznetsov,J.V.Moloney,and E.M.Wright.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.I.Fiber with circular symmetry.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2001.18(6).pp.743-749.
[32]D.Kouznetsov and J.V.Moloney.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.Ⅱ.Broken circular symmetry.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2002.19(6).pp.1259-1263.
[2]B.Dussardier and W.Blanc.Novel dopants for silica-based fiber amplifiers,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 2007 and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2007.OFC/NFOEC '2007.Anaheim,United states.2007.pp.1-3.
[3]S.Endo,S.Ishikawa,M.Kakui,M.Nishimura,and Y.Makio.High concentration Er-doped fiber for efficient L-band amplification with short length,in Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications 1999 and Fourth Optoelectronics and Communications Conference 1999.APCC/OECC '99.1999.1352.pp.1356-1357.
[4]J.S.Javorniczky,P.J.Newman,D.R.MacFarlane,D.J.Booth,and V.Bogdanov.High erbium content heavy metal fluoride glasses.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1995.184.pp.249-253.
[5]Y.Kimura and M.Nakazawa.Gain characteristics of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers with high erbium concentration.Electronics Letters,1992.28(15).pp.1420-1422.
[6]Y.Li,J.Huang,Y.Li,H.Li,Y.He,S.Gu,G.Chen,L.Liu,and L.Xu.Optical Properties and Laser Output of Heavily Yb-Doped Fiber Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and DC-RTA Technique.Journal of Lightwave Technology,2008.26(18).pp.3256-3260.
[7]常德远.高浓度掺铒光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[8]傅永军.稀土掺杂光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[9]卫延.新型特种光纤和相关制作工艺的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[10]郑凯.新型特种光纤及其相关器件的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[11]F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,B.Malo,K.A.Vineberg,K.O.Hill,T.F.Morse,A.Kilian,and L.Reinhart.Ultraviolet-light photosensitivity in Er3+-Ge-doped optical fiber.Optics Letters,1990.15(20).pp.1138-1140.
[12]G.M.Williams,T.Tsung-Ein,C.I.Merzbacher,and E.J.Friebele.Photosensitivity of rare-earth-doped ZBLAN fluoride glasses.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1997.15(8).pp.1357-1362.
[13]Y.Shen,T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,and M.Sun.Highly photosensitive Sb/Er/Ge-codoped silica fiber for writing fiber Bragg gratings with strong high-temperature sustainability.Optics Letters,2003.28(21).pp.2025-2027.
[14]G.Carlone,A.D'Orazio,M.De Sario,L.Mescia,V.Petruzzelli,and F.Prudenzano.Design of double-clad erbium-doped holey fiber amplifier.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2005.351(21-23).pp.1840-1845.
[15]A.D'Orazio,M.De Sario,L.Mescia,V.Petruzzelli,and F.Prudenzano.Design of double-clad ytterbium-doped microstructured fibre laser.Applied Surface Science,2005.248(1-4).pp.499-502.
[16]A.Liu,J.Song,K.Kamatani,and K.Ueda.Rectangular double-clad fibre laser with two-end-bundled pump.Electronics Letters,1996.32(18).pp.1673.
[17]P.Wang,L.J.Cooper,V.Shcheslavskiy,J.K.Sahu,and W.A.Clarkson.Cladding-pumped ytterbium-doped helical-core fiber laser,in Advanced Solid-State Photonics.2005.pp.542.
[18]R.Renner-Erny,L.Di Labio,and W.L(u|¨)thy.A novel technique for active fibre production.Optical Materials,2007.29(8).pp.919-922.
[19]M.S(o|¨)derlund,S.Tammela,H.Hoffman,B.Willson,and P.Stenius.Direct nanoparticle deposition builds active fibers.Lasers Focus World,2006.42(1).pp.103-111.
[20]S.Sudo.Optical Fiber Amplifiers:Materials,Devices,and Applications.Boston.Artech House,Inc.1997.
[21]J.E.Townsend,S.B.Poole,and D.N.Payne.Solution-doping technique for fabrication of rare-earth-doped optical fibres.Electronics Letters,1987.23(7).pp.329-331.
[22]S.Poole,D.Payne,R.Meats,M.Fermann,and R.Laming.Fabrication and characterization of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1986.4(7).pp.870-876.
[23]S.B.Poole,D.N.Payne,and M.E.Fermann.Fabrication of low-loss optical fibres containing rare-earth ions.Electronics Letters,1985.21(17).pp.737-738.
[24]G.G.Vienne,J.E.Caplen,L.Dong,J.D.Minelly,J.Nilsson,and D.N.Payne.Fabrication and Characterization of Yb3+:Er3+ Phosphosilicate Fibers for Lasers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1998.16(11).pp.1990.
[25]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,A.K.Mondal,S.Sen,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.Characterization of porous core layer for controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Express,2006.14(20).pp.9006-9015.
[26]M.Pal,R.Sen,M.C.Paul,S.K.Bhadra,S.Chatterjee,D.Ghosal,and K.Dasgupta.Investigation of the deposition of porous layers by the MCVD method for the preparation of rare-earth doped cores of optical fibres.Optics Communications,2005.254(1-3).pp.88-95.
[27]F.Z.Tang,P.McNamara,G.W.Barton,and S.P.Ringer.Nanoscale characterization of silica soots and aluminium solution doping in optical fibre fabrication.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2006.352(36-37).pp.3799-3807.
[28]K.O.Hill.Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:from discovery to commercialization.IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2000.6(6).pp.1186-1189.
[29]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,D.C.Johnson,and B.S.Kawasaki.Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filter fabrication.Applied Physics Letters,1978.32.pp.647-649.
[30]G.Meltz,W.W.Morey,and W.H.Glenn.Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method.Optics Letters,1989.14(15).pp.823-825.
[31]B.Malo,K.O.Hill,F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,and J.Albert.Point-by-point fabrication of micro-Bragg gratings in photosensitive fibre using single excimer pulse refractive index modification techniques.Electronics Letters,1993.29(18).pp.1668-1669.
[32]J.L.Archambault,L.Reekie,and P.S.J.Russell.100%reflectivity Bragg reflectors produced in optical fibres by single excimer laser pulses.Electronics Letters,1993.29(5).pp.453-455.
[33]C.G.Askins,T.E.Tsai,G.M.Williams,M.A.Putnam,M.Bashkansky,and E.J.Friebele.Fiber Bragg reflectors prepared by a single excimer pulse.Optics Letters,1992.17(11).pp.833-835.
[34]K.O.Hill,B.Malo,F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,and J.Albert.Bragg gratings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through in phase mask.Applied Physics Letters,1993.62(10).pp.1035-1037.
[35]L.Dong,J.L.Archambault,L.Reekie,P.S.J.Russell,and D.N.Payne.Photoinduced absorption change in germanosilicate preforms:evidence for the color-center model of photosensitivity.Applied Optics,1995.34(18).pp.3436-3440.
[36]D.P.Hand and P.S.J.Russell.Photoinduced refractive-index changes in germanosilicate fibers.Optics Letters,1990.15(2).pp.102.
[37]P.Y.Fonjallaz,H.G.Limberger,R.P.Salath,F.Cochet,and B.Leuenberger.Tension increase correlated to refractive-index change in fibers containing UV-written Bragg gratings.Optics Letters,1995.20(11).pp.1346-1348.
[38]D.Wong,S.B.Poole,and M.G.Sceats.Stress-birefringence reduction in elliptical-core fibers under ultraviolet irradiation.Optics Letters,1992.17(24).pp.1773-1775.
[39]M.V.Bazylenko,D.Moss,and J.Canning.Complex photosensitivity observed in germanosilica planar waveguides.Optics Letters,1998.23(9).pp.697-699.
[40]C.Fiori and R.A.B.Devine.Evidence for a wide continuum of polymorphs in a-SiO2.Physical Review B,1986.33(4).pp.2972.
[41]K.Tanaka,N.Toyosawa,and H.Hisakuni.Photoinduced Bragg gratings in As2S3 optical fibers. Optics Letters, 1995.20(19). pp. 1976-1978.
[42] T. Taunay, P. Niay, P. Bernage, E. X. Xie, H. Poignant, S. Boj, E. Delevaque, and M. Monerie. Ultraviolet-induced permanent Bragg gratings in cerium-doped ZBLAN glasses or optical fibers. Optics Letters, 1994.19(17). pp. 1269-1271.
[43] G. Chen, Y. Li, Y. He, L. Liu, L. Xu, and W. Wang. Photosensitivity and photoluminescence of Sn/Yb codoped silica optical fiber preform. Chinese Optics Letters, 2009.7(4). pp. 348-351.
[44] M. Douay, W. X. Xie, T. Taunay, P. Bernage, P. Niay, P. Cordier, B. Poumellec, L. Dong, J. F. Bayon, H. Poignant, and E. Delevaque. Densification involved in the UV-based photosensitivity of silica glasses and optical fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997. 15(8). pp. 1329-1342.
[45] Y. H. Shen, S. Pal, J. Mandal, T. Sun, K. T. V. Grattan, S. A. Wade, S. F. Collins, G W. Baxter, B. Dussardier, and G. Monnom. Investigation of the photosensitivity, temperature sustainability and fluorescence characteristics of several Er-doped photosensitive fibers. Optics Communications, 2004. 237(4-6). pp. 301-308.
[46] L. Dong, W. H. Loh, J. E. Caplen, K. Hsu, J. D. Minelly, and L. Reekie. Photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers for efficient single-frequency fiber lasers, in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1997. OFC '97. Dallas, USA. 1997. pp. 29-30.
[47] J. Li, P. Liu, S. Lu, W. Jing, X. Mao, H. Wei, Y. Fu, K. Zheng, T. Ning, T. Li, and S. Jian. Design and fabrication of erbium doped photosensitive fibers. Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences, 2009. 52(5). pp. 1234-1241.
[48] D. Pureur, M. Douay, P. Bernage, P. Niay, and J. F. Bayon. Single-polarization fiber lasers using Bragg gratings in Hi-Bi fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1995. 13(3). pp. 350-355.
[49] E. M. Dianov, K. M. Golant, R. R. Khrapko, A. S. Kurkov, B. Leconte, M. Douay, P. Bernage, and P. Niay. Grating formation in a germanium free silicon oxynitride fibre. Electronics Letters, 1997. 33(3). pp. 236-238.
[50] D. L. Williams, B. J. Ainslie, J. R. Armitage, R. Kashyap, and R. Campbell. Enhanced UV photosensitivity in boron codoped germanosilicate fibres. Electronics Letters, 1993. 29(1). pp. 45.
[51] B. Malo, J. Albert, F. Bilodeau, T. Kitagawa, D. C. Johnson, K. O. Hill, K. Hattori, Y. Hibino, and S. Gujrathi. Photosensitivity in phosphorus-doped silica glass and optical waveguides. Applied Physics Letters, 1994.65(4). pp. 394-396.
[52] X. C. Long and S. R. J. Brueck. Composition dependence of the photoinduced refractive-index change in lead silicate glasses. Optics Letters, 1999. 24(16). pp. 1136-1138.
[53] L. Dong, J. L. Archambault, L. Reekie, P. S. J. Russell, and D. N. Payne. Bragg gratings in Ce3+-doped fibers written by a single excimer pulse. Optics Letters, 1993. 18(11). pp. 861.
[54] L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, L. Reekie, M. G Xu, and D. N. Payne. Enhanced photosensitivity in tin-codoped germanosilicate optical fibers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1995. 7(9). pp. 1048-1050.
[55] L. Dong, L. Reekie, J. L. Cruz, and D. N. Payne. Grating formation in a phosphorus-doped germanosilicate fiber, in Optical Fiber Communications 1996. OFC '96. 1996. pp. 82-83.
[56] L. Dong, J. L. Cruz, J. A. Tucknott, L. Reekie, and D. N. Payne. Strong photosensitive gratings in tin-doped phosphosilicate optical fibers.Optics Letters,1995.20(19).pp.1982-1984.
[57]Y.Shen,J.Xia,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Photosensitive indium-doped germano-silica fiber for strong FBGs with high temperature sustainability.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2004.16(5).pp.1319-1321.
[58]M.Sejka,P.Varming,J.Hubner,and M.Kristensen,Distributed feedback Er~(3+)-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1445-1446.
[59]S.Agger,J.Povlsen,and P.Varming.Single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser.Optics Letters,2004.29(13).pp.1503-1505.
[60]G.A.Ball,W.W.Morey,and W.H.Glenn.Standing-wave monomode erbium fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1991.3(7).pp.613-615.
[61]J.L.Zyskind,V.Mizrahi,D.J.DiGiovanni,and J.W.Sulhoff.Short single frequency erbium-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1992.28(15).pp.1385-1387.
[62]W.H.Loh and R.I.Laming.1.55 μm phase-shifted distributed feedback fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1440-1442.
[63]O.Xu,S.Lu,S.Feng,Z.Tan,T.Ning,and S.Jian.Single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber laser with the fiber-Bragg-grating-based asymmetric two-cavity structure.Optics Communications,2009.282(5).pp.962-965.
[64]G.A.Ball and W.W.Morey.Efficient integrated Nd~(3+) fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1991.3(12).pp.1077-1078.
[65]宁提纲,裴丽,胡旭东,阮义,祁春慧,冯素春,许鸥,鲁韶华.单偏振双波长非保偏有源掺杂光纤激光器.中国激光,2008.35(12).pp.1868-1871.
[66]W.Guan and J.R.Marciante.Dual-frequency operation in a short-cavity ytterbium-doped fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2007.19(5).pp.261-263.
[67]D.Liu,N.Q.Ngo,X.Y.Dong,S.C.Tjin,and P.Shum.A stable dual-wavelength fiber laser with tunable wavelength spacing using a polarization-maintaining linear cavity.Applied Physics B:Lasers and Optics,2005.81(6).pp.807-811.
[68]J.Hernandez-Cordero,V.A.Kozlov,A.L.G.Carter,and T.F.Morse.Fiber laser polarization tuning using a Bragg grating in a Hi-Bi fiber.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1998.10(7).pp.941-943.
[69]陈根祥.光致折射率调制光纤BRAGG光栅的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学 1997.
[70]鲁韶华.特殊结构光纤光栅的研究和应用.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[71]M.G.Xu,J.L.Archambault,L.Reekie,and J.P.Dakin.Discrimination between strain and temperature effects using dual-wavelength fibre grating sensors.Electronics Letters,1994.30(13).pp.1085-1087.
[72]赵磊,孙伟民,姜富强,刘志海,朱玉华,李金娟,苑立波.荧光光纤光栅传感特性的实验研究.光子学报,2006.35(9).pp.1296-1300.
[73]S.A.Wade,S.F.Collins,and G.W.Baxter.Fluorescence intensity ratio technique for optical fiber point temperature sensing.Journal of Applied Physics,2003.94(8).pp.4743-4756.
[74]K.W.Quoi,R.A.Lieberman,L.G.Cohen,D.S.Shenk,and J.R.Simpson.Rare-earth doped optical fibers for temperature sensing.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1992.10(6).pp. 847-852.
[75]H.Kusama,O.J.Sovers,and T.Yoshioka.Line Shift Method for Phosphor Temperature Measurements.Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1976.15.pp.2349-2358.
[76]J.Castrellon-Ufibe.Experimental results of the performance of an erbium-doped fiber sensor.in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004.CLEO '2004.2004.1.pp.3.
[77]J.Castrellon-Uribe.Experimental results of the performance of a laser fiber as a remote sensor of temperature.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2005.43(6).pp.633-644.
[78]T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,and W.M.Sun.Fluorescence based optical fibre fire alarm system [for aeroengine application],in the 15th Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors 2002.OFS '2002.2002.471.pp.471-474.
[79]I.Kamma,P.Kommidi,and B.R.Reddy.Design of a high temperature sensing system using luminescence lifetime measurement.Review of Scientific Instruments,2008.79(9).pp.096104-096103.
[80]Y.W.Lee and B.Lee.High resolution cryogenic optical fiber sensor system using erbium-doped fiber.Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2002.96(1).pp.25-27.
[81]L.Yong Wook and L.Byoungho.High resolution cryogenic optical fiber sensor system using erbium-doped fiber,in the 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001.CLEO/Pacific Rim '2001.2001.491.pp.I-494-I-495.
[82]T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,W.M.Sun,S.A.Wade,and B.D.Powell.Rare-earth doped optical fiber approach to an alarm system for fire and heat detection.Review of Scientific Instruments,2003.74(1).pp.250-255.
[83]Y.Liu,S.Burtsev,S.Tsuda,S.P.Hegarty,R.S.Mozdy,M.Hempstead,G.G.Luther,and R.G.Smart.Four-wave mixing in EDFAs.Electronics Letters,1999.35(24).pp.2130-2131.
[84]K.Song and M.Premaratne.Effects of SPM,XPM,and four-wave-mixing in L-band EDFAs on fiber-optic signal transmission.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000.12(12).pp.1630-1632.
[85]S.Tammela,M.Hotoleanu,P.Kiiveri,H.Valkonen,S.Sarkilahti,and K.Janka.Very Short Er-Doped Silica Glass Fiber for L-band Amplifiers.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 2003.OFC '2003.2003.pp.376-377.
[86]H.Po,E.Snitzer,R.Tumminelli,L.Zenteno,E Hakimi,N.M.Cho,and T.Haw.Double Clad High Brightness Nd Fiber Laser Pumped by GaAlAs Phased Array.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1989.OFC '89.1989.pp.PD7.
[87]E.Snitzer,H.Po,F.Hakimi,R.Tumminelli,and B.C.McCollum.Double Clad,Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser.in Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors 1988.OFS '88.1988.pp.PD5.
[88]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,S.K.Bhadra,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.An improved method of controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Communications,2007.277(2).pp.329-334.
[89]F.Yan,L.Wang,H.Wei,Y,Fu,W.Jian,X.Mao,J.Li,L.Liu,J,Peng,and S.Jian.Investigation of co-doping Al~(3+) in ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber.Acta Physica Sinica,2009.58(3).pp.1793-1796.
[90]S.S.H.Yam,Y.Akasaka,Y.Kubota,R.Huang,D.L.Harris,and J.Pan.Transient Dynamics of Fluoride-Based High Concentration Erbium-Cerium Codoped Fiber Amplifier.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2004.16(2).pp.425-427.
[91]S.Tanabe,N.Sugimoto,S.Ito,and T.Hanada.Broad-band 1.5 μm emission of Er~(3+) ions in bismuth-based oxide glasses for potential WDM amplifier.Journal of Luminescence,2000.87.pp.670-672.
[92]H.Hayashi,N.Sugimoto,and S.Tanabe.High-performance and wideband amplifier using bismuth-oxide-based EDF with cascade configurations.Optical Fiber Technology,2006.12(3).pp.282-287.
[93]B.-C.Hwang,S.Jiang,T.Luo,K.Seneschal,G.Sorbello,M.Morrell,F.Smektala,S.Honkanen,J.Lucas,and N.Peyghambarian.Performance of high-concentration Er~(3+)-doped phosphate fiber amplifiers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001.13(3).pp.197-199.
[94]Y.Hu,S.Jiang,T.Luo,K.Seneschal,M.Morrell,F.Smektala,S.Honkanen,J.Lueas,and N.Peyghambarian.Performance of high-concentration Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)-codoped phosphate fiber amplifiers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001.13(7).pp.657-659.
[95]J.Chun,H.Weisheng,and Z.Qingji.Improved gain performance of high concentration Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)-codoped phosphate fiber amplifier.IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,2005.41(5).pp.704-708.
[96]S.Dai,T.Xu,Q.Nie,X.Shen,and X.Wang.Fabrication and gain performance of Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)-codoped tellurite glass fiber.Journal of Rare Earths,2008.26(6).pp.915-918.
[97]J.Zhang,S.Dai,G.Wang,H.Sun,L.Zhang,and L.Hu.Fabrication and emission properties of Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) codoped tellurite glass fiber for broadband optical amplification.Journal of Luminescence,2005.115(1-2).pp.45-52.
[98]J.Zhang,S.Dai,S.Xu,G.Wang,and L.Hu.Fabrication and amplified spontaneous emission spectrum of Er~(3+)-doped tellurite glass fiber with D-shape cladding.Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2005.387(1-2).pp.308-312.
[99]A.Mori,K.Kobayashi,M.Yamada,T.Kanamori,K.Oikawa,Y.Nishida,and Y.Ohishi.Low noise broadband tellurite-based Er~(3+)-doped fibre amplifiers.Electronics Letters,1998.34(9).pp.887-888.
[100]A.V.Belov,E.M.Dianov,G.G.Devy'atykh,V.F.Khopin,A.N.Gur'yanov,and Y.B.Zverev.Optical and gain characteristics of high-concentration erbium-doped fibers on base of cesium-silicate glasses,in Conference on Optics Fiber Communication 1997.OFC '97.Dallas,USA.1997.pp.181-182.
[101]A.V.Belov,E.M.Dianov,G.G.Devy'atykh,V.F.Khopin,A.N.Gur'yanov,and Y.B.Zverev.Erbium-Doped Fibers Based on Cesium-Silicate Glasses.optical Fiber Technology,2000.6(1).pp.61-67.
[102]V.Khopin,A.Umnikov,A.Gur'yanov,M.Bubnov,A.Senatorov,and E.Dianov.Doping of optical fiber preforms via porous silica layer infiltration with salt solutions.Inorganic Materials,2005.41(3).pp.303-307.
[103]F.Z.Tang,P.McNamara,G.W.Barton,and S.P.Ringer.Multiple solution-doping in optical fibre fabrication Ⅱ-Rare-earth and aluminium co-doping,Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008.354(15-16).pp.1582-1590.
[104]张帆.大功率光纤激光器的关键单元技术研究.[博士学位论文]北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[105]A.Liu and K.Ueda.The absorption characteristics of circular,offset,and rectangular double-clad fibers.Optics Communications,1996.132(5-6).pp.511-518.
[106]R.Hofer,M.Hofer,and G.A.Reider.High energy,sub-picosecond pulses from a Nd-doped double-clad fiber laser.Optics Communications,1999.169(1).pp.135-139.
[107]Z.Jiang and J.R.Marciante.Mode-area scaling of helical-core dual-clad fiber lasers and amplifiers,in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2005.CLEO '2005.2005.1843.pp.1849-1851.
[108]P.Wang,L.J.Cooper,R.B.Williams,J.K.Sahu,and W.A.Clarkson.Helical-core ytterbium-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,2004.40(21).pp.1325-1326.
[109]P.Filip,A.Grobelny,and J.S.Witkowski.Efficiency of active Double-Clad fiber pumping in different types of fibers,in the 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2008.ICTON '2008.2008.pp.353-356.
[110]P.Leproux,S.Fevrier,V.Doya,P.Roy,and D.Pagnoux.Modeling and Optimization of Double-Clad Fiber Amplifiers Using Chaotic Propagation of the Pump.Optical Fiber Technology,2001.7(4).pp.324-339.
[111]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Numerical simulation based optimization of the absorption efficiency in double-clad fibres.Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied optics,2006.8(1).pp.49-61.
[112]L.Philippe,V.Doya,R.Philippe,P.Dominique,M.Fabrice,and L.Olivier.Experimental study of pump power absorption along rare-earth-doped double clad optical fibres,optics Communications,2003.218(4-6).pp.249-254.
[113]G.Xia,J.Duan,S.Zhao,and S.Dong.Light propagation in the multi-mode double-clad erbium:ytterbium co-doped fiber:theory and experiment.Optics & Laser Technology,2004.36(4).pp.273-277.
[114]http://www.coractive.com/an/pdf/Ybdoublecladfiber.pdf.
[115]A.Martinez-Rios,R.Selvas-Aguilar,I.Torres-Gomez,F.Mendoza-Santoyo,H.Po,A.N.Starodumov,and Y.Wang.Double-clad Yb3+-doped fiber lasers with virtually non-circular cladding geometry,optics Communications,2005.246(4-6).pp.385-392.
[116]M.Aslund,J.Canning,S.Jackson,A.Teixeira,and K.Lyytik(a|¨)inen.Diffraction in air-clad fibres.Optics Express,2005.13(14).pp.5227-5233.
[117]W.Wadsworth,R.Percival,G.Bouwmans,J.Knight,and P.Russell.High power air-clad photonic crystal fibre laser.Optics Express,2003.11(1).pp.48-53.
[118]H.Ono,M.Yamada,and Y.Ohishi.Gain-flattened Er3+-doped fiber amplifier for a WDM signal in the 1.57-1.60-m wavelength region.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1997.9(5).pp.596-598.
[119]G.Wilson,J.-M.Delavaux,A.Stentz,I.Ryazansky,R.Windeler,M.Fishteyn,and C.McIntosh.Low-noise 1-Watt Er/Yb fiber amplifier for CATV distribution in HFC and FTTH/C systems,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 2000.OFC '2000.Baltimore,USA.2000.4.pp.58-60.
[120]B.Brichard,A.F.Fernandez,H.Ooms,and F.Berghmans.Study of the radiation-induced optical sensitivity in erbium and aluminium doped fibres,in the 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems 2004.RADECS '2004.Noordwijk, Netherlands.2004.pp.35-38.
[121]L.Dong,W.H.Loh,J.E.Caplen,J.D.Minelly,K.Hsu,and L.Reekie.Efficient single-frequency fiber lasers with novel photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers.Optics Letters,1997.22(10).pp.694-696.
[122]N.Chiodini,A.Paleari,G.Spinolo,A.Chiasera,M.Ferrari,G.Brambilla,and E.R.Taylor.Photosensitive erbium doped tin-silicate glass.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2002.311(3).pp.217-222.
[123]P.Roy Chaudhuri,J.R.Panda,H.N.Acharaya,M.Dokhanian,and A.Sharma.Customized MCVD fabrication of different application-type silica optical fibers and their FBG inscription characteristics.Optics & Laser Technology,2007.39(3).pp.470-474.
[124]傅永军,简伟,郑凯,简水生,掺铒光纤的纤芯折射率.中国激光,2006.33(3).pp.347-350.
[125]A.S.Kurkov,O.I.Medvedkov,V.I.Karpov,S.A.Vasiliev,O.A.Lexin,E.M.Dianov,A.N.Gur'yanov,A.A.Laptev,A.Umnikov,and N.I.Vechkanov.Photosensitive Yb-doped double-clad fiber for fiber lasers,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1999.OFC '99.1999.pp.3.
[126]S.Agger,J.H.Povlsen,and P.Varming.Single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser.Optics Letters,2004.29(13).pp.1503-1505.
[127]Y.O.Barmenkov,A.V.Kir'yanov,J.Mora,J.L.Cruz,and M.V.Andres.Continuous-wave and giant-pulse operations of a single-frequency erbium-doped fiber laser.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2005.17(1).pp.28-30.
[128]http://www.coractive.com/an/pdf/hco_4000.pdf.
[129]http://www.nufern.com/fiber_detail.php/116.
[130]蒋作文,李进延.高掺杂铒光纤结构优化和掺杂方法的研究.网络通信,2005.5.pp.29-31.
[131]N.Da,Y.Qiao,L.Yang,M.Peng,C.Wang,Q.Zhou,C.Zhao,J.Qiu,C.Zhu,D.Chen,and A.Tomoko.High quantum efficiency and high concentration erbium-doped silica glasses fabricated by sintering nanoporous glasses.Journal of Rare Earths,2006.24(6).pp.761-764.
[132]Y.Shen,Y.Qiu,B.Wu,W.Zhao,S.Chen,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Short cavity single frequency fiber laser for in-situ sensing applications over a wide temperature range.Optics Express,2007.15(2).pp.363-370.
[133]傅永军,郑凯,常德远,魏淮,延凤平,简水生.短腔的高浓度掺铒光纤激光器.光电工程,2007.34(11).pp.46-49.
[134]http://www.nufern.com/fiber_detail.php/113.
[135]http://www.coractive.com/an/pdf/highpowererdoped.pdf.
[136]http://www.nlight.net/fibers/details/36～LIEKKI-Er1104125.
[137]D.Kouznetsov,J.V.Moloney,and E.M.Wright.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.Ⅰ.Fiber with circular symmetry.Journal of the Optics Society of America B,2001.18(6).pp.743-749.
[138]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Double-clad fibre numerical optimization with a simplex method,in Conference on Solid State Lasers and Amplifiers 2006.Strasbourg,France.2006.6190.pp.61900L.
[139]I.Dritsas.Stochastic modelling and simulation-based optimization of specialty fibres for high power fibre lasers.[Ph.D thesis].London.City University.2007.
[140]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Stochastic optimization of conventional and holey double-clad fibres.Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied Optics,2007.9(4).pp.405-421.
[141]A.Grobelny,J.Witkowski,and E.Beres-Pawlik.The Numerical Predictions of the Parameters of Asymmetrical Couplers which Pump Double-Clad Lasers.in International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2006.ICTON '2006.2006.pp.185-188.
[142]J.S.Witkowski and A.Grobelny.Ray Tracing Method Applied for DC Fibers.in Transparent Optical Networks,2007.ICTON '07.9th International Conference on.2007.pp.321-323.
[143]J.Xu,J.Lu,J.Lu,and K.-I.Ueda.Influence of cross-sectional shape on absorption characteristics of double-clad fiber lasers,in Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2002.CLEO '2002.Long Beach,United states.2002.pp.520-521.
[144]徐晟,王子华.用耦合功率理论分析缺陷双包层光纤吸收效率.光电子·激光,2005.16(4).pp.425-428.
[145]V.Doya,O.Legrand,and F.Mortessagne.Optimized absorption in a chaotic double-clad fiber amplifier.Optics Letters,2001.26(12).pp.872-874.
[146]V.Doya,O.Legrand,F.Mortessagne,and C.Miniatura.Speckle statistics in a chaotic multimode fiber.Physical Review E,2002.65(5).pp.056223.
[147]D.Kouznetsov and J.V.Moloney.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.Ⅱ.Broken circular symmetry.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2002.19(6).pp.1259-1263.
[1]F.Bilodeau,D.C.Johnson,B.Malo,K.A.Vineberg,K.O.Hill,T.F.Morse,A.Kilian,and L.Reinhart.Ultraviolet-light photosensitivity in Er~(3+)-Ge-doped optical fiber.Optics Letters,1990.15(20).pp.1138-1140.
[2]W.H.Loh and R.I.Laming.1.55 μm phase-shifted distributed feedback fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1440-1442.
[3]M.Sejka,P.Varming,J.Hubner,and M.Kristensen.Distributed feedback Er~(3+)-doped fibre laser.Electronics Letters,1995.31(17).pp.1445-1446.
[4]傅永军.稀土掺杂光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[5]傅永军,简伟,郑凯,简水生.掺铒光纤的纤芯折射率.中国激光,2006.33(3).pp.347-350.
[6]L.Dong,W.H.Loh,J.E.Caplen,K.Hsu,J.D.Minelly,and L.Reekie.Photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers for efficient single-frequency fiber lasers,in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1997.OFC '97.Dallas,USA.1997.pp.29-30.
[7]L.Dong,W.H.Loh,J.E.Caplen,J.D.Minelly,K.Hsu,and L.Reekie.Efficient single-frequency fiber lasers with novel photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers.Optics Letters,1997.22(10).pp.694-696.
[8]J.Li,P.Liu,S.Lu,J.Wangg,X.Mao,H.Wei,Y.Fu,K.Zheng,T.Ning,T.Li,and S.Jian.Design and fabrication of erbium doped photosensitive fibers.Science in China,Series E:Technological Sciences,2009.52(5).pp.1234-1241.
[9]Y.Shen,T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,and M.Sun.Highly photosensitive Sb/Er/Ge-codoped silica fiber for writing fiber Bragg gratings with strong high-temperature sustainability.Optics Letters,2003.28(21).pp.2025-2027.
[10]Y.H.Shen,S.Pal,J.Mandal,T.Sun,K.T.V.Grattan,S.A.Wade,S.F.Collins,G.W.Baxter,B.Dussardier,and G.Monnom.Investigation of the photosensitivity,temperature sustainability and fluorescence characteristics of several Er-doped photosensitive fibers.Optics Communications,2004.237(4-6).pp.301-308.
[11]P.Roy Chaudhuri,J.R.Panda,H.N.Acharaya,M.Dokhanian,and A.Sharma.Customized MCVD fabrication of different application-type silica optical fibers and their FBG inscription characteristics.Optics & Laser Technology,2007.39(3).pp.470-474.
[12]J.L.Philipsen,M.O.Berendt,P.Varming,V.C.Lauridsen,J.H.Povlsen,J.Hubner,M.Kristensen,and B.Palsdottir.Polarisation control of DFB fibre laser using UV-induced birefringent phase-shift.Electronics Letters,1998.34(7).pp.678-679.
[13]S.Sudo.Optical Fiber Amplifiers:Materials,Devices,and Applications.Boston.Artech House,Inc.1997.
[14]K.Arai,H.Namikawa,Y.Ishii,H.Imai,H.Hosono,and Y.Abe.Nature of doping into pure silica glass by plasma torch CVD.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1987.95-96(Part 1).pp.609-616.
[15]M.Shimizu,M.Yamada,M.Horiguchi,and E.Sugita.Concentration effect on optical amplification characteristics of Er-doped silica single-mode fibers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1990.2(1).pp.43-45.
[16]W.H.Zachariasen.The Atomic Arrangement in Glass.Journal of the American Chemical Society,2002.54(10).pp.3841-3851.
[17]唐仁杰,曹美娥.提高MCVD工艺单模光纤生产率的新技术.光通信研究,1998.4.pp.24-31.
[18]郑凯.新型特种光纤及其相关器件的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[19]M.Pal,R.Sen,M.C.Paul,S.K.Bhadra,S.Chatterjee,D.Ghosal,and K.Dasgupta.Investigation of the deposition of porous layers by the MCVD method for the preparation of rare-earth doped cores of optical fibres.Optics Communications,2005.254(1-3).pp.88-95.
[20]S.R.Nagel,J.B.MacChesney,and K.L.Walker.An Overview of the Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition(MCVD) Process and Performance IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1982.QE-18(4).pp.459-476.
[21]卫延.新型特种光纤和相关制作工艺的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[22]魏淮,郑凯,毛向桥,彭健,李宏雷.低温气体制冷提高MCVD沉积效率与质量的方法和装置.中国.发明专利.200610169729.7.2007.09.26.pp.1-13
[23]K.L.Walker,J.W.Harvey,F.T.Geyling,and S.R.Nagel.Consolidation of Participate Layers in the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Preforms.Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1980.63.pp.96-102.
[24]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,S.K.Bhadra,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.An improved method of controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Communications,2007.277(2).pp.329-334.
[25]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,A.K.Mondal,S.Sen,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.Characterization of porous core layer for controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Express,2006.14(20).pp.9006-9015.
[26]G.G.Vienne,J.E.Caplen,L.Dong,J.D.Minelly,J.Nilsson,and D.N.Payne.Fabrication and Characterization of Yb3+:Er3+ Phosphosilicate Fibers for Lasers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1998.16(11).pp.1990.
[27]常德远.高浓度掺铒光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[28]D.L.Wood,K.L.Walker,J.B.Macchesney,J.R.Simpson,and R.Csencsits.Germanium Chemistry in the MCVD Process for Optical Fiber Fabrication.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1987.LT-5(2).pp.277-285.
[29]K.Chida,F.Hanawa,and M.Nakahara.Fabrication of OH-free multimode fiber by vapor phase axial deposition.IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1982.18(11).pp.1883-1889.
[30]G.A.Miller,C.G.Askins,G.A.Cranch,and E.J.Friebele.Early Index Growth in Germanosilicate Fiber Upon Exposure to Continuous-Wave Ultraviolet Light.Journal of Lightwave Technology,2007.25(4).pp.1034-1044.
[31]许鸥.基于光纤光栅的光纤激光器、滤波器和倾斜光纤光栅的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[32]T.Erdogan.Fiber grating spectra.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1997.15(8).pp.1277-1294.
[33]H.Patrick and S.L.Gilbert.Growth of Bragg gratings produced by continuous-wave ultraviolet light in optical fiber.Optics Letters,1993.18(18).pp.1484.
[34]李彬.用于色散补偿、光纤激光器中的光纤光栅.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[1]R.J.Mears,L.Reekie,I.M.Jauncey,and D.N.Payne.Low-noise erbium-doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54 μm.Electronics Letters,1987.23(19).pp.1026-1028.
[2]鲁韶华.特殊结构光纤光栅的研究和应用.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[3]许鸥.基于光纤光栅的光纤激光器、滤波器和倾斜光纤光栅的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2009.
[4]张欣.光通信系统中掺铒光纤激光器的研究.[博士学位论文].兰州.兰州大学.2007.
[5]G.Das.Multiwavelength Fiber Laser.[Dissertation].Waterloo,Canada.University of Waterloo.2003.
[6]周炳琨,高以智,陈倜嵘,陈家骅.激光原理(第4版).北京.国防工业出版社.2000.
[7]J.Sun,J.Qiu,and D.Huang.Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers exploiting polarization hole burning.Optics Communications,2000.182(1-3).pp.193-197.
[8]X.Mao,F.Yan,L.Wang,S.Feng,J.Peng,and S.Jian.Incorporate,switchable dual-wavelength fiber laser with Bragg gratings written in a polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber.Optics Communications,2009.282(1).pp.93-96.
[9]O.Deparis,R.Kiyan,S.A.Vasiliev,V.O.I.Medvedkov,E.M.Dianov,O.Pottiez,P.Megret,and M.Blondel.Polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg gratings for wavelength selection in actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber lasers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001.13(4).pp.284-286.
[10]娄淑琴,毛向桥,卫延,李宏雷,李坚.利用侧向对称开槽制作熊猫型保偏光纤及方法.中国.发明专利.200610169807.3.2007.09.12.pp.1-9.
[11]卫延.新型特种光纤和相关制作工艺的研究.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2007.
[12]冈崎岩,土屋一郎,石川真二,吉田元秀,春明彻也,相马一之.保偏光纤及其制造方法.中国.发明专利.03805091.9.2005.07.13.pp.1-30.
[13]汪洪海,涂峰,童维军.一种保偏光纤的制造方法.中国.发明专利.200810197409.1.2009.03.18.pp.1-14.
[14]申云华.熊猫保偏光纤的制备方法 中国.发明专利.99127132.7.2001.07.04.pp.1-8.
[15]梁毅.特种光纤的研究和试制.[博士学位论文].北京.北方交通大学.1988.
[16]夏历,李栩辉,殷玉喆,冯佳,毛晋,陈向飞,谢世钟.在保偏光纤上制作光纤光栅的应用研究.光学学报,2002.22(8).pp.1004-1007.
[17]Q.Mao and J.W.Y.Lit.Switchable Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser With Cascaded Fiber Grating Cavities.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2002.14(5).pp. 612-614.
[18]C.Zhao,X.Yang,C.Lu,J.H.Ng,X.Guo,P.R.Chaudhuri,and X.Dong.Switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers by using cascaded fiber Bragg gratings written in high birefringence fiber.Optics Commununications,2004.230(4-6).pp.52-56.
[19]M.L.Dennis,R.M.Sova,and T.R.Clark.Microwave Frequency Generation up to 27.5 GHz Using a Dual-Wavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser.in 2007 Digest of the IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings.2007.pp.194-195.
[20]M.L.Dennis,R.M.Sova,and T.R.Clark.Dual-Wavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser for Microwave Frequency Generation.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2007.OFC/NFOEC '2007.2007.pp.1-3.
[21]C.-L.Zhao,Z.Li,M.S.Demokan,X.Yang,and W.Jin.Switchable multiwavelength SOA-fiber ring laser based on a slanted multimode fiber Bragg grating.Optics Communications,2005.252(1-3).pp.52-57.
[22]C.J.S.d.Matos,D.A.Chestnut,P.C.Reeves-Hall,F.Koch,and J.R.Taylor.Multi-wavelength,continuous wave fibre Raman ring laser operating at 1.55 μm.Electronics Letters,2001.37(13).pp.825-826.
[23]X.Feng,H.-y.Tam,H.Liu,and P.K.A.Wai.Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser employing a nonlinear optical loop mirror.Optics Communications,2006.268(2).pp.278-281.
[24]X.Feng,H.-y.Tam,W.-h.Chung,and P.K.A.Wai.Multiwavelength fiber lasers based on multimode fiber Bragg gratings using offset launch technique.Optics Communications,2006.263(2).pp.295-299.
[25]S.Yamashita and K.Hotate.Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser using intracavity etalon and cooled by liquid nitrogen.Electronics Letters,1996.32(14).pp.1298-1299.
[26]O.Graydon,W.H.Loh,R.I.Laming,and L.Dong.Triple-Frequency Operation of an Er-Doped Twincore Fiber Loop Laser IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1996.8(1).pp.63-65.
[27]G.Das and J.W.Y.Lit.L-Band Multiwavelength Fiber Laser Using an Elliptical Fiber.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2002.14(5).pp.606-608.
[28]A.Zhang,M.S.Demokan,and H.Y.Tam.Room temperature multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber.Optics Communications,2006.260(2).pp.670-674.
[29]J.J.Veselka and S.K.Korotky.Multiwavelength source having precise channel spacing for WDM systems.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1998.10(7).pp.958-960.
[30]K.Zhou,D.Zhou,F.Dong,and N.Q.Ngo.Room-temperature multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser employing sinusoidal phase-modulation feedback.Optics Letters,2003.28(11).pp.893-895.
[31]A.Bellemare,M.Karasek,M.Rochette,S.LRochelle,and M.Tetu.Room temperature multifrequency erbium-doped fiber lasers anchored on the ITU frequency grid.Journal of Lightwave Technology,2000.18(6).pp.825-831.
[32]Z.Liu,Y.Liu,J.Du,S.Yuan,and X.Dong.Switchable triple-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using a single fiber Bragg grating in polarization-maintaining fiber.Optics Communications,2007.279(1).pp.168-172.
[33]M.G.Taylor.Observation of new polarization dependence effect in long hauloptically amplified system.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1993.5(10).pp.1244-1246.
[34]V.J.Mazurczyk and C.D.Poole.The Effect of Birefringence on Polarization Hole Burning in Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers.in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications 1994.Vol.14 of 1994 OSA Technical Digest Series.pp.ThB3.
[35]V.J.Mazurczyk and J.L.Zyskind.Polarization dependent gain in erbium doped-fiber amplifiers.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1994.6(5).pp.616-618.
[36]D.P.Hand and P.S.J.Russell.Photoinduced refractive-index changes in germanosilicate fibers.Optics Letters,1990.15(2).pp.102.
[37]R.Leners and T.Georges.Numerical and analytical modeling of polarization-dependent gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1995.12(10).pp.1942-1954.
[38]X.Chen,Z.Deng,and J.Yao.Photonie generation of microwave signal using a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode fiber ring laser.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2006.54(2).pp.804-809.
[39]Z.Deng and J.Yao.Photonic generation of microwave signal using a rational harmonic mode-locked fiber ring laser.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2006.54(2).pp.763-767.
[40]S.Pan and J.Yao.Frequency-switchable microwave generation based on a dual-wavelength single-longitudinalmode fiber laser incorporating a high-finesse ring filter.Optics Express,2009.17(14).pp.12167-12173.
[41]S.Agger,J.H.Povlsen,and P.Varming.Single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser.Optics Letters,2004.29(13).pp.1503-1505.
[42]S.Yamashita and G.J.Cowle.Single-polarization operation of fiber distributed feedback (DFB) lasers by injection locking.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1999.17(3).pp.509-513.
[43]D.Y.Stepanov,J.Canning,L.Poladian,R.Wyatt,G.Maxwell,R.Smith,and R.Kashyap.Apodized Distributed-Feedback Fiber Laser.optical Fiber Technology,1999.5(2).pp.209-214.
[44]H.Storoy,B.Sahlgren,and R.Stubbe.Single polarisation fibre DFB laser.Electronics Letters,1997.33(1).pp.56-58.
[45]A.Wang,H.Ming,F.Li,L,Xu,L.Lu,H.Gui,J.Huang,and J.Xie.Single-frequency,single-polarization ytterbium-doped fiber laser by self-injection locking.Chinese Optics Letters,2004.2(4).pp.223-225.
[46]J.K.Sahu,C.C.Renaud,J.Nilsson,W.A.Clarkson,S.A.Alam,and A.B.Grudinin.Single-polarization laser operation in polarization-maintaining single-polarization pumped erbium-doped fiber,in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001.CLEO '01.2001.pp.322-323.
[47]D.Pureur,M.Douay,P.Bernage,P.Niay,and J.F.Bayon.Single-polarization fiber lasers using Bragg gratings in Hi-Bi fibers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1995.13(3).pp.350-355.
[48]刘艳.光纤光栅基器件的研制与应用.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[49]L.Sun,X.Feng,W.Zhang,L.Xiong,Y.Liu,G.Kai,S.Yuan and X.Dong.Beating frequency tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with one fiber bragg grating.IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2004.16(6).pp.1453-1455.
[1]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,S.K.Bhadra,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.An improved method of controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics Communications,2007.277(2).pp.329-334.
[2]M.Pal,R.Sen,M.C.Paul,S.K.Bhadra,S.Chatterjee,D.Ghosal,and K.Dasgupta.Investigation of the deposition of porous layers by the MCVD method for the preparation of rare-earth doped cores of optical fibres.Optics Communications,2005.254(1-3).pp.88-95.
[3]A.Dhar,M.C.Paul,M.Pal,A.K.Mondal,S.Sen,H.S.Maiti,and R.Sen.Characterization of porous core layer for controlling rare earth incorporation in optical fiber.Optics.Express,2006.14(20).pp.9006-9015.
[4]V.Khopin,A.Umnikov,A.Gur'yanov,M.Bubnov,A.Senatorov,and E.Dianov.Doping of optical fiber preforms via porous silica layer infiltration with salt solutions.Inorganic Materials,2005.41(3).pp.303-307.
[5]傅永军.稀土掺杂光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2005.
[6]常德远.高浓度掺铒光纤的研制.[博士学位论文].北京.北京交通大学.2008.
[7]E.Snitzer,H.Po,F.Hakimi,R.Tumminelli,and B.C.McCollum.Double Clad,Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser.in Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors 1988.OFS '88.1988.pp.PD5.
[8]H.Po,E.Snitzer,R.Tumminelli,L.Zenteno,F.Hakimi,N.M.Cho,and T.Haw.Double Clad High Brightness Nd Fiber Laser Pumped by GaAlAs Phased Array.in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1989.OFC '89.1989.pp.PD7.
[9]Y.Shen,Y.Qiu,B.Wu,W.Zhao,S.Chen,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Short cavity single frequency fiber laser for in-situ sensing applications over a wide temperature range.Optics.Express,2007.15(2).pp.363-370.
[10]S.Tanabe,N.Sugimoto,S.lto,and T.Hanada.Broad-band 1.5 m emission of Er3+ ions in bismuth-based oxide glasses for potential WDM amplifier.Journal of Luminescence,2000.87(pp.670-672.
[11]H.Sotobayashi,J.T.Gopinath,and E.P.Ippen.23 cm long Bi2O3-based EDFA for picosecond pulse amplification with 80 nm gain bandwidth.Electronics Letters,2003.39(19).pp.1374-1375.
[12]H.Hayashi,N.Sugimoto,and S.Tanabe.High-performance and wideband amplifier using bismuth-oxide-based EDF with cascade configurations.Optical Fiber Technology,2006.12(3).pp.282-287.
[13]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth(Ⅲ)_oxide.
[14]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth(Ⅲ)_chloride.
[15]F.Yan,L.Wang,H.Wei,Y,Fu,W.Jian,X.Mao,J.Li,L.Liu,J,Peng,and S.Jian.Investigation of co-doping Al 3+ in ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber.Acta Physica Sinica,,2009.58(3).pp.1793-1796.
[16]C.R.Giles and E.Desurvire.Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1991.9(2).pp.271-283.
[17]陈根祥.光波技术基础.北京.中国铁道出版社.2000.
[18]W.L.Barnes,R.I.Laming,E.J.Tarbox,and P.R.Morkel.Absorption and emission cross section of Er~(3+) doped silica fibers.IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1991.27(4).pp.1004-1010.
[19]A.Liu and K.Ueda.The absorption characteristics of circular,offset,and rectangular double-clad fibers.Optics Communications,1996.132(5-6).pp.511-518.
[20]I.Dritsas,T.Sun,and K.T.V.Grattan.Numerical simulation based optimization of the absorption efficiency in double-clad fibres.Journal of Optics A:Pure and Applied Optics,2006.8(1).pp.49-61.
[21]A.Grobelny,J.Witkowski,and E.Beres-Pawlik.The Numerical Predictions of the Parameters of Asymmetrical Couplers which Pump Double-Clad Lasers.in International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2006.ICTON '2006.2006.pp.185-188.
[22]I.Dritsas.Stochastic modelling and simulation-based optimization of specialty fibres for high power fibre lasers.[Ph.D thesis].London.City University.2007.
[23]J.S.Witkowski and A.Grobelny.Ray Tracing Method Applied for DC Fibers.in 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2007.ICTON '2007.2007.pp.321-323.
[24]P.Filip,A.Grobelny,and J.S.Witkowski.Efficiency of active Double-Clad fiber pumping in different types of fibers,in 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks 2008.ICTON '2008.2008.pp.353-356.
[25]J.Xu,J.Lu,J.Lu,and K.-I.Ueda.Influence of cross-sectional shape on absorption characteristics of double-clad fiber lasers,in Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics 2002.CLEO '2002.Long Beach,United states.2002.pp.520-521.
[26]徐晟,王子华.用耦合功率理论分析缺陷双包层光纤吸收效率.光电子激光,2005.16(4).pp.425-428.
[27]P.Leproux,S.Fevrier,V.Doya,P.Roy,and D.Pagnoux.Modeling and Optimization of Double-Clad Fiber Amplifiers Using Chaotic Propagation of the Pump.Optical Fiber Technology,2001.7(4).pp.324-339.
[28]S.W.McDonald and A.N.Kaufman.Wave chaos in the stadium:Statistical properties of short-wave solutions of the Helmholtz equation.Physical Review A,1988.37(8).pp.3067.
[29]V.Doya,O.Legrand,and F.Mortessagne.Optimized absorption in a chaotic double-clad fiber amplifier.Optics Letters,2001.26(12).pp.872-874.
[30]V.Doya,O.Legrand,F.Mortessagne,and C.Miniatura.Speckle statistics in a chaotic multimode fiber.Physical Review E,2002.65(5).pp.056223.
[31]D.Kouznetsov,J.V.Moloney,and E.M.Wright.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.I.Fiber with circular symmetry.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2001.18(6).pp.743-749.
[32]D.Kouznetsov and J.V.Moloney.Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers.Ⅱ.Broken circular symmetry.Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2002.19(6).pp.1259-1263.