碱驱油藏流线数值试井解释方法研究
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摘要
流线数值试井理论是流线算法与数值试井理论的完美结合,成功的实现了计算速度与计算精度的最佳匹配,具有长远的理论意义和现实的使用价值。本文创造性的将流线数值试井理论应用于碱驱油藏,发展了碱驱油藏流线数值试井理论和方法。该方法既考虑了油水两相流、生产历史、多井干扰等复杂因素的影响,又能反映碱驱、碱复合驱过程中各种主要驱油机理(如降低界面张力、流度控制等)和物化现象(如碱耗、残余饱和度和相对渗透率的变化、聚合物溶液的特性等)。文中建立了从常规水驱油藏到碱驱油藏,直至碱/聚合物复合驱油藏的一整套流线数值试井解释模型。模型由生产阶段的渗流数学模型和测试阶段的流线数学模型组成:前者为简化的黑油模型,用于模拟整个生产历史过程,采用在网格系统隐式求解压力,沿流线显式求解饱和度和各组分浓度的方法;后者为流线模型,用于求取关井测试阶段的压力响应,沿测试井周围每一条流线建立的数学方程联立求解。通过求解不同驱替方式的流线数值试井解释模型,分别对水驱、碱驱、碱复合驱进行了模拟研究,得到了相应的饱和度分布、碱浓度分布和聚合物浓度分布,对比分析了三种驱替方式中测试井的压力响应特征,同时研究了注碱时间、注碱段塞、注碱浓度等对测试井压力响应的影响特征。论文基于遗传算法的多参数试井解释方法编制了流线数值试井解释软件,并成功的应用于羊三木油田馆II油组,不仅得到了研究区块的渗透率分布和其它常规试井解释参数,还得到了符合实际的剩余油分布、碱浓度分布和聚合物浓度分布,进一步验证了所建立理论与方法的正确性。
Streamline numerical well test interpretation theory is the perfect combination of streamline algorithm and numerical well test interpretation theory. It has realized the best matching of computing speed and precision successfully, thus has a long-term theoretical and practical significance. Streamline numerical well test interpretation theory and method is applied in alkaline flooding reservoirs in a creative way and is well developed in this thesis.This method not only can take several complicated influential factors into consideration , such as, oil-water two-phase flow, production history and multi-well interference, etc, but also can reflect various main mechanisms of enhancing oil displacement (such as, reduction of interfacial tension, mobility control of drive fluid, etc) and physicochemical phenomena(such as, consumption of alkaline, variation of each phase residual saturation and relative permeability, characteristics of polymer solution, etc). Moreover, this thesis also establishes a series of streamline numerical well test interpretation models from water flooding reservoirs to alkaline flooding reservoirs and alkaline/polymer combination flooding reservoirs. The above models all mainly consist of two parts, one is seepage flow mathematical model in the production stage and the other is streamline mathematical model in the testing stage. The former is actually a simplified black oil model, which is used to simulate the whole process of production history, and its solution is suitable to the way of implicit solution method for pressure in grid system and explicit solution method for saturation and component concentration along streamline; the latter is a streamline model composed of all the mathematical equations established for each streamline, which is used to obtained the pressure response features of testing well during the closed time. On the basis of the above theories studying, this thesis simulates several displacement processes and effects under different circumstances of water flooding, alkaline flooding and combination flooding respectively by solving different types of streamline numerical well test interpretation model, and obtains a series of calculation results(such as, saturation distribution, alkaline concentration distribution, polymer concentration distribution, etc), then analyzes the pressure response features of testing well in water flooding , alkaline flooding and combination flooding reservoirs comparatively, furthermore, this thesis also studies on influential characteristics of the pressure response of testing well by the time of alkaline-injection, alkaline-injection slug and alkaline-injection concentration. At last, by making use of multi-parameter well test interpretation technology based on the genetic algorithm, the streamline numerical well test interpretation method which is studied in this thesis is successfully applied in GuanII block in Yangsanmu oilfield. As a result, the thesis obtains not only permeability distribution of well location and other conventional interpreting parameters of testing well, but also the distribution of remaining oil, alkaline concentration and polymer concentration through the establishment of a model consistent with the reservoirs actual situation, and the whole results future identify the practicability and validity of this theory and method.
Streamline numerical well test interpretation theory is the perfect combination of streamline algorithm and numerical well test interpretation theory. It has realized the best matching of computing speed and precision successfully, thus has a long-term theoretical and practical significance. Streamline numerical well test interpretation theory and method is applied in alkaline flooding reservoirs in a creative way and is well developed in this thesis.This method not only can take several complicated influential factors into consideration , such as, oil-water two-phase flow, production history and multi-well interference, etc, but also can reflect various main mechanisms of enhancing oil displacement (such as, reduction of interfacial tension, mobility control of drive fluid, etc) and physicochemical phenomena(such as, consumption of alkaline, variation of each phase residual saturation and relative permeability, characteristics of polymer solution, etc). Moreover, this thesis also establishes a series of streamline numerical well test interpretation models from water flooding reservoirs to alkaline flooding reservoirs and alkaline/polymer combination flooding reservoirs. The above models all mainly consist of two parts, one is seepage flow mathematical model in the production stage and the other is streamline mathematical model in the testing stage. The former is actually a simplified black oil model, which is used to simulate the whole process of production history, and its solution is suitable to the way of implicit solution method for pressure in grid system and explicit solution method for saturation and component concentration along streamline; the latter is a streamline model composed of all the mathematical equations established for each streamline, which is used to obtained the pressure response features of testing well during the closed time. On the basis of the above theories studying, this thesis simulates several displacement processes and effects under different circumstances of water flooding, alkaline flooding and combination flooding respectively by solving different types of streamline numerical well test interpretation model, and obtains a series of calculation results(such as, saturation distribution, alkaline concentration distribution, polymer concentration distribution, etc), then analyzes the pressure response features of testing well in water flooding , alkaline flooding and combination flooding reservoirs comparatively, furthermore, this thesis also studies on influential characteristics of the pressure response of testing well by the time of alkaline-injection, alkaline-injection slug and alkaline-injection concentration. At last, by making use of multi-parameter well test interpretation technology based on the genetic algorithm, the streamline numerical well test interpretation method which is studied in this thesis is successfully applied in GuanII block in Yangsanmu oilfield. As a result, the thesis obtains not only permeability distribution of well location and other conventional interpreting parameters of testing well, but also the distribution of remaining oil, alkaline concentration and polymer concentration through the establishment of a model consistent with the reservoirs actual situation, and the whole results future identify the practicability and validity of this theory and method.
引文
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[29] Pollock D.W. Semianalytical computation of path lines for finite-difference models [J]. Ground Water,1988,26(6):743-750
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[42]袁士义,杨普华.碱复合驱数学模型[J].石油学报,1994,15(2):76-87
[43]侯健.用流线方法模拟碱/表面活性剂/聚合物三元复合驱[J].石油大学学报,2004,28(1):58-62
[44] Dezabala E.F.,Visloeky J M,Rubin E.,et al. A chemical theory for linear alkaline flooding[J]. SPE Journal,1982,22(2):245-258
[45] Delshad M.,Delshad M.,Bhuyan D.,et al. Effect of capillary number on the residual saturation of a three-phase micellar Solution[J].SPE 14911, 1986
[46]王健,金映辉,罗平亚.碱水驱组分输运过程有效性研究[J].西南石油学院学报,1999,21(4):70-74
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[49]侯健,王玉斗,陈月明.聚合物驱数学模型的流线方法求解[J].水动力学研究与进展,2002;17(3):343-352
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[2]《试井手册》编写组编.试井手册(下) [M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992:40-186
[3]姜汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠.油藏工程原理与方法[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2002:91-154
[4]《中国油气井测试资料解释范例》编写组编.中国油气井测试资料解释范例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:1-258
[5]《大港油田科技丛书》编委会编.油气藏探边测试方法与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:7-131
[6]葛家理.现代油藏渗流力学原理(上册) [M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:1-90
[7]廖新维,沈平平.现代试井分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:1-224
[8]张艳玉,姚军.现代试井解释原理与方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006: 1-196
[9]刘能强.实用现代试井解释方法[M].第四版.北京:石油工业出版社,2003: 21-173
[10]崔迪生,徐建平,赵平起,等.拉普拉斯变换与试井分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:44-92
[11]候晓春,王晓冬.Stehfest算法在试井分析中的应用扩展[J].油气井测试,1996, 5(4):21-24.
[12]贾永禄,赵必荣.拉普拉斯变换及数值反演在试井分析中的应用[J].天然气工业,1992,12(1):60-64
[13]姚军.数值试井理论研究[D].东营:石油大学(华东),2000
[14]刘立明,陈钦雷.试井理论发展的新方向—数值试井[J].油气井测试,2001,10(1):78-82
[15] Lin Jia-En, Yang Hui-zhu. Analysis of Well-Test Data From a Well in a Multiwell Reservoir With Water Injection[J] . SPE 110349,2007
[16]艾广平,苏云行,高淑玲,等.油水两相流动试井分析方法研究[J].油气井测试,2001,10(1):13-17
[17]刘曰武,周蓉.存在邻井影响条件下的油井数值试井分析[J].油气井测试,2002,11(5):4-7
[18]刘立明,陈钦雷.三维两相流数值试井模型[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版) ,2003,27(6):42-45
[19]巢华庆,王玉普.复杂油藏试井技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:1-68
[20]张皎生.三维油水两相流线数值模拟理论与方法研究[D].东营:石油大学(华东),2003
[21]韩大匡,陈钦雷,闫存章.油藏数值模拟基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993: 91-104
[22]刘慧卿.油藏数值模拟方法专题[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:80-102
[23] Gringarten A.C. Interpretation of Tests in Fissured and Multilayered Reservoirs With Double-Porosity Behavior Theory and Practice[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1984, 36(4) :549-564
[24] Muskat M.,Wyckoff R. A Theoretical Analysis of Water Flooding Networks[J]. Petroleum Transactions,1934,107:62-76
[25] Fay C.H.,Prats M. The Application of Numerical Method to Cycling and Flooding Problems[A].Proceedings of the 3rd World Petroleum Congress[C],1951
[26] Higgins R.V.,Leighton A.J.A Computer Method to Calculate Two-Phase Flow in Any Irregularly Bounded Porous Medium[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology , 1962, 14(6) :679-683
[27] Martin J.C.,Wegner R.E. Numerical Solution of Multiphase Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flow Using Streamtube Relationship [J]. SPE Journal, 1979, 19 (5):313-323
[28] Martin J.C. Failure of Stream Tube Method to Predict Water Flood Performance of an Isolated Inverted Five-Spot at Favorable Mobility Ratios[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology,1973,25(2):151-153
[29] Pollock D.W. Semianalytical computation of path lines for finite-difference models [J]. Ground Water,1988,26(6):743-750
[30] Datta-Gupta,King M.J. A Semianalytic Approach to Tracer Flow Modeling in Heterogeneous Permable Media [J].Advances in Water Resources,1995,18:9-21
[31] Batycky R.P. A Three-dimensional Two-phase Scale Streamline Simulator[D].The Department of Petroleum Engineering And The Committee on Graduate Studies:Stanford University,1997
[32] Thiele M.R. A New Technique for Predicting Flow in Heterogeneous Systems Using Streamtubes [J]. SPE Reservoir Engineering,1996, 11 (1):5-12
[33]吴明录,姚军.聚合物驱流线数值试井解释模型及其应用[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(2):55-58
[34]张德志,姚军.聚合物驱两相流试井参数敏感性[J].计算物理,2006,23(4):425-430
[35]朱玉国.具有高渗透条带的水驱和聚合物驱油藏试井解释方法研究[D] .东营:石油大学(华东),2004
[36]吴明录,姚军.多层油藏流线数值试井解释模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(5):609-615
[37]吴明录.多层油藏流线数值试井解释方法[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007
[38]廖广志,王启民,王德民.化学复合驱原理及应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1999:18-59
[39]赵福麟.油田化学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000:103-129
[40]陈智宇.羊三木油田馆II上油组碱/聚合物驱室内实验研究[J].油气采收率技术,1994;1(2):33-38
[41]廖广志,隋军,王刚,等.复配碱化学驱数值模拟[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):47-52
[42]袁士义,杨普华.碱复合驱数学模型[J].石油学报,1994,15(2):76-87
[43]侯健.用流线方法模拟碱/表面活性剂/聚合物三元复合驱[J].石油大学学报,2004,28(1):58-62
[44] Dezabala E.F.,Visloeky J M,Rubin E.,et al. A chemical theory for linear alkaline flooding[J]. SPE Journal,1982,22(2):245-258
[45] Delshad M.,Delshad M.,Bhuyan D.,et al. Effect of capillary number on the residual saturation of a three-phase micellar Solution[J].SPE 14911, 1986
[46]王健,金映辉,罗平亚.碱水驱组分输运过程有效性研究[J].西南石油学院学报,1999,21(4):70-74
[47]唐钢,李华斌,贾伟浏,等.复合驱油体系物理化学渗流机理研究[J].河南石油,2005,19(5):41-43
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