济阳坳陷石炭—二叠系储层特征与有利储层预测
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摘要
近年来的勘探实践表明,济阳坳陷石炭—二叠系具有良好的油气勘探前景。本文通过对济阳坳陷石炭—二叠系沉积相、储层的岩石学特征、微观孔隙结构特征、成岩作用及储层的影响因素等进行研究和评价,指出了有利的勘探目标区。
济阳坳陷石炭—二叠系发育陆表海滨岸环境、海陆过渡环境和陆相环境等3类沉积环境;台地—泻湖沉积体系、障壁岛—泻湖—潮坪复合沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系以及河流—湖泊复合沉积体系等4种沉积体系;泻湖相、台地相、潮坪相、障壁岛相、浅水三角洲相、曲流河相和浅水湖泊相等7种沉积相类型。
通过对比发现砂岩是该地区石炭—二叠系可以作为储层的有利岩性,主要分布在山西组、下石盒子组和上石盒子组,其中山西组的岩性主要为中细粒含长石石英砂岩、含岩屑石英砂岩,下石盒子组主要为中粗粒含长石、岩屑石英砂岩,上石盒子组主要为粗砂岩、含砾粗砂岩,总体表现为较高的成份和结构成熟度。成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶蚀作用等。上石盒子组、下石盒子组处于中成岩A期-中成岩B期,而山西组、太原组和本溪组处于中成岩B期-晚成岩阶段。自上而下原生孔隙减少,次生孔隙及裂缝增加。物性资料及压汞资料表明,孔喉半径小、连通性差、渗流能力弱是砂体储层孔喉结构的基本特征,大多属于低孔低渗—特低孔特低渗型储层。与山西组相比,下石盒子组和上石盒子组砂体储层具有孔喉分布偏粗歪度、渗流能力有所增强、次生溶蚀孔隙更为发育、排驱压力大幅降低的特点。储层物性宏观上受构造作用的控制,纵向上主要受成岩作用的影响,平面上主要受沉积作用影响,即沉积主水道的分布特征。在此基础上,建立了储层评价分类标准并对主要层位进行了储层评价。在综合分析沉积条件、成岩演化和构造作用对储层物性影响的基础上,预测出孤北、高青、车西、义东、花沟及判参镇等地区为有利勘探区,邵家、王家岗和惠民南坡等为较有利勘探区。
Experience of exploration in recent years reveals that Permo-Carboniferous formation in Jiyang depression has good oil and gas exploring promising. Favorable target areas for exploration are put forward through researches and evaluation of sedimentary facies, petrologic features, diagenesis, characteristics of microscopic structure of pores, and factors influencing reservoirs of Carboniferous- Permian System in Jiyang depression.
There are three sedimentary environments including epicontinental littoral environment , continental-marine environment and continental environment ;. four sedimentary systems including lagoon-plateau sedimentary system, barrier land-tidal flat-lagoon sedimentary system, shallow delta sedimentary system and fluvial-lake sedimentary system; seven sedimentary faces including lagoon, platform, tidal flat, barrier island, shallow delta, meandering river and shallow lake occurred in Carboniferous- Permian System of Jiyang depression.
It can be found that the sandstone can be considered as the available reservoir of Carboniferous-Permian System in this area according to the compare of all kinds of stone. The sandstone reservoir mainly distributes in Shanxi, Xiashihezi and Shangshihezi formation. The reservoirs’lithology of the Shanxi formation is mainly middle-fine grained feldspathic quartzose sandstone, lithic quartzose sandstone ; that of the Xiashihezi formation is middle-coarse grained feldspathic and lithic quartzose sandstone ; and that of the Shangshihezi formation is gritstone and pebbly gritstone. The composition maturity and the texture maturity of clastic reservoir are both high. The main diagenesis types include compaction, cementation, metasomatism, and dissolution. The Diagenetic stage of Shangshihezi, Xiashihezi Formation is from the mesodiagenetic stage A to the mesodiagenetic stage B, that of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Benxi Formation is from the mesodiagenetic stage B to the telodiagenetic stage. Primary pores are decreasing whereas secondary pores and fractures are increasing downward. Physical property and mercury penetration indicate that the reservoir pore throat structure characterized by mini pore throat, poor sorting, poor connectedness and poor infiltrating ability, and the reservoir sand bodies belong to low porosity and permeability to extremely low porosity and permeability. Comparing to Shanxi Formation, reservoirs of Shangshihezi and Xiashihezi Formation have the features of skewing bold pore throat size distribution, more secondary dissolution pores, improving infiltrating ability and lower displacement pressure. The macroscopic element , which controls the reservoir’s extent , is tectonism. Diagenesis controls the changing of reservoir character on verticality, and sedimentary facies on plane, i.e. the characteristics of main fluvial channels’distributions. Considering these controlling factors, the evolution standard of reservoir is established, and the primary formations are evaluated. On the basis of reservoir physical properties affected by sedimentary condition, diagenetic evolution and tectonic process, it can be forecasted that the most favorable exploration targets are the west of Gubei, Gaoqing ,the west of Chezhen, the east of Yihezhuang, Huagou and Pancanzhen areas and the secondly favorable exploration targets are Shaojia, Wangjiagang and the south of Huimin sag areas.
济阳坳陷石炭—二叠系发育陆表海滨岸环境、海陆过渡环境和陆相环境等3类沉积环境;台地—泻湖沉积体系、障壁岛—泻湖—潮坪复合沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系以及河流—湖泊复合沉积体系等4种沉积体系;泻湖相、台地相、潮坪相、障壁岛相、浅水三角洲相、曲流河相和浅水湖泊相等7种沉积相类型。
通过对比发现砂岩是该地区石炭—二叠系可以作为储层的有利岩性,主要分布在山西组、下石盒子组和上石盒子组,其中山西组的岩性主要为中细粒含长石石英砂岩、含岩屑石英砂岩,下石盒子组主要为中粗粒含长石、岩屑石英砂岩,上石盒子组主要为粗砂岩、含砾粗砂岩,总体表现为较高的成份和结构成熟度。成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶蚀作用等。上石盒子组、下石盒子组处于中成岩A期-中成岩B期,而山西组、太原组和本溪组处于中成岩B期-晚成岩阶段。自上而下原生孔隙减少,次生孔隙及裂缝增加。物性资料及压汞资料表明,孔喉半径小、连通性差、渗流能力弱是砂体储层孔喉结构的基本特征,大多属于低孔低渗—特低孔特低渗型储层。与山西组相比,下石盒子组和上石盒子组砂体储层具有孔喉分布偏粗歪度、渗流能力有所增强、次生溶蚀孔隙更为发育、排驱压力大幅降低的特点。储层物性宏观上受构造作用的控制,纵向上主要受成岩作用的影响,平面上主要受沉积作用影响,即沉积主水道的分布特征。在此基础上,建立了储层评价分类标准并对主要层位进行了储层评价。在综合分析沉积条件、成岩演化和构造作用对储层物性影响的基础上,预测出孤北、高青、车西、义东、花沟及判参镇等地区为有利勘探区,邵家、王家岗和惠民南坡等为较有利勘探区。
Experience of exploration in recent years reveals that Permo-Carboniferous formation in Jiyang depression has good oil and gas exploring promising. Favorable target areas for exploration are put forward through researches and evaluation of sedimentary facies, petrologic features, diagenesis, characteristics of microscopic structure of pores, and factors influencing reservoirs of Carboniferous- Permian System in Jiyang depression.
There are three sedimentary environments including epicontinental littoral environment , continental-marine environment and continental environment ;. four sedimentary systems including lagoon-plateau sedimentary system, barrier land-tidal flat-lagoon sedimentary system, shallow delta sedimentary system and fluvial-lake sedimentary system; seven sedimentary faces including lagoon, platform, tidal flat, barrier island, shallow delta, meandering river and shallow lake occurred in Carboniferous- Permian System of Jiyang depression.
It can be found that the sandstone can be considered as the available reservoir of Carboniferous-Permian System in this area according to the compare of all kinds of stone. The sandstone reservoir mainly distributes in Shanxi, Xiashihezi and Shangshihezi formation. The reservoirs’lithology of the Shanxi formation is mainly middle-fine grained feldspathic quartzose sandstone, lithic quartzose sandstone ; that of the Xiashihezi formation is middle-coarse grained feldspathic and lithic quartzose sandstone ; and that of the Shangshihezi formation is gritstone and pebbly gritstone. The composition maturity and the texture maturity of clastic reservoir are both high. The main diagenesis types include compaction, cementation, metasomatism, and dissolution. The Diagenetic stage of Shangshihezi, Xiashihezi Formation is from the mesodiagenetic stage A to the mesodiagenetic stage B, that of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Benxi Formation is from the mesodiagenetic stage B to the telodiagenetic stage. Primary pores are decreasing whereas secondary pores and fractures are increasing downward. Physical property and mercury penetration indicate that the reservoir pore throat structure characterized by mini pore throat, poor sorting, poor connectedness and poor infiltrating ability, and the reservoir sand bodies belong to low porosity and permeability to extremely low porosity and permeability. Comparing to Shanxi Formation, reservoirs of Shangshihezi and Xiashihezi Formation have the features of skewing bold pore throat size distribution, more secondary dissolution pores, improving infiltrating ability and lower displacement pressure. The macroscopic element , which controls the reservoir’s extent , is tectonism. Diagenesis controls the changing of reservoir character on verticality, and sedimentary facies on plane, i.e. the characteristics of main fluvial channels’distributions. Considering these controlling factors, the evolution standard of reservoir is established, and the primary formations are evaluated. On the basis of reservoir physical properties affected by sedimentary condition, diagenetic evolution and tectonic process, it can be forecasted that the most favorable exploration targets are the west of Gubei, Gaoqing ,the west of Chezhen, the east of Yihezhuang, Huagou and Pancanzhen areas and the secondly favorable exploration targets are Shaojia, Wangjiagang and the south of Huimin sag areas.
引文
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[7]汪增萌等,辽东福州晚中石炭世地层简论华北地台中石炭统的划分.现代地质, 1989, 3(2): 107~113
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[9]刘焕杰,潮坪成煤环境初论-三汇坝晚二叠世龙潭组含煤建造沉积环境模式.中国矿业大学学报,1982, 2: 34~41
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