数码打样的CMS技术研究
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摘要
如何使数码打样真实模拟印刷,一直是人们不断研究的课题。本文从当今色彩管理现状出发,跟据最新色彩管理系统WCS提出了新的数码打样的色彩管理框架——基于CIECAM02的色彩管理模式。实现了对打印机进行色彩管理。
本文分析了当前色彩管理现状以及色貌模型的发展历程,并对最新色貌模型CIECAM02的原理及特性进行了详细研究,在此基础上采用CIECAM02色貌模型做为PCS空间对打印机和印刷机XYZ值进行色貌变换;然后使用MATLAB描绘出打印机和印刷机在色貌空间中的色域图并将它们进行比较;由于打印机色域包含印刷机色域,为解决这一问题,本课题采用分区最大描述符法(SMGBD)来获取和表示印刷机在色貌空间中的色域边界,并在此基础上采用了一种基于空间解析几何的色域映射算法,将位于印刷机色域外的颜色点映射到色域内,实现打印机到印刷机的色域映射,实验证明其具有很好的实用价值;最后本论文采用色差评价法通过在CIELAB空间中计算色差对整个色彩管理系统进行评价,并分析了系统误差产生的原因。
采用色貌模型是色彩管理的发展趋势,本文实现了以色貌模型作为PCS空间的色彩管理模式,对彩色输出设备色彩管理的进一步研究具有较大的参考价值。
How to make the proof simulate the printing actually is always an important subject for people to research. In this paper, being with the application of the CMS, An new CMS mode of digital proof was put forward according to the new color management system WCS, which was the color management mode based on the CIECAM02 color appearance model. The color management for proof was achieved.
In this paper, the author analyzed the current saturation of the Color Management System and the development course of the Color Appearance Model, and done the detailed research on the elements and characteristic of the CIECAM02 color appearance model, so the CIECAM02 was used as PCS to do color convert of XYZ for printer and printing press based on WCS. Then the color gamut contrast graphic was sketched using the software of MATLAB. Because of the gamut of printer is bigger than the printing press, in order to solve the disaccord of color gamut in the course of converting of the color information among different devices, the segment maxima method for calculating gamut boundary descriptors is used to describe the color gamut boundary of printing press in CEECAM02 color appearance space, present an algorithm combining space analytic geometry to realize the gamut mapping, and has been achieved the gamut mapping from printer to the printing press. In the end, this paper adopts the estimate method of the chromatic aberration to estimate the whole color management system based on the CIELAB color space, and analyzed the reason of the appearance of the error.
The adopted of the Color Appearance Model is a necessary uptrend. This paper achieved the CMS mode based on CIECAM02 as PCS, it has great value to the further research on the Color Management System of Digital Proof.
本文分析了当前色彩管理现状以及色貌模型的发展历程,并对最新色貌模型CIECAM02的原理及特性进行了详细研究,在此基础上采用CIECAM02色貌模型做为PCS空间对打印机和印刷机XYZ值进行色貌变换;然后使用MATLAB描绘出打印机和印刷机在色貌空间中的色域图并将它们进行比较;由于打印机色域包含印刷机色域,为解决这一问题,本课题采用分区最大描述符法(SMGBD)来获取和表示印刷机在色貌空间中的色域边界,并在此基础上采用了一种基于空间解析几何的色域映射算法,将位于印刷机色域外的颜色点映射到色域内,实现打印机到印刷机的色域映射,实验证明其具有很好的实用价值;最后本论文采用色差评价法通过在CIELAB空间中计算色差对整个色彩管理系统进行评价,并分析了系统误差产生的原因。
采用色貌模型是色彩管理的发展趋势,本文实现了以色貌模型作为PCS空间的色彩管理模式,对彩色输出设备色彩管理的进一步研究具有较大的参考价值。
How to make the proof simulate the printing actually is always an important subject for people to research. In this paper, being with the application of the CMS, An new CMS mode of digital proof was put forward according to the new color management system WCS, which was the color management mode based on the CIECAM02 color appearance model. The color management for proof was achieved.
In this paper, the author analyzed the current saturation of the Color Management System and the development course of the Color Appearance Model, and done the detailed research on the elements and characteristic of the CIECAM02 color appearance model, so the CIECAM02 was used as PCS to do color convert of XYZ for printer and printing press based on WCS. Then the color gamut contrast graphic was sketched using the software of MATLAB. Because of the gamut of printer is bigger than the printing press, in order to solve the disaccord of color gamut in the course of converting of the color information among different devices, the segment maxima method for calculating gamut boundary descriptors is used to describe the color gamut boundary of printing press in CEECAM02 color appearance space, present an algorithm combining space analytic geometry to realize the gamut mapping, and has been achieved the gamut mapping from printer to the printing press. In the end, this paper adopts the estimate method of the chromatic aberration to estimate the whole color management system based on the CIELAB color space, and analyzed the reason of the appearance of the error.
The adopted of the Color Appearance Model is a necessary uptrend. This paper achieved the CMS mode based on CIECAM02 as PCS, it has great value to the further research on the Color Management System of Digital Proof.
引文
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[2]ICC Profile spec Published as ISO 15076-1:2005[HTML].:http://www.printondemand.com/MT/archives/007699.html,2006.2
[3]周世生.高等色彩学[M].印刷工业出版社
[4]Windows.Windows Color System:The Next Generation Color Management System[DOC].:http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/display/color,2005.9
[5]Windows.WCS Color Device Model Profile Schema and Algorithms[HTML].http://windowssdk.msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library,2006
[6]M.Bourgoin,The Windows Color System-Evolution in the Microsoft Color Management Ecosystem[PPT].http://download.microsoft.com/download/f/0/5/f05a42ce-575b-4c60-82d6-208d3754b2d6,2005
[7]蔡圣燕.基于iCAM和实时颜色转换方式对ICC色彩管理机制的改进[D].解放军信息工程大学
[8]金洪勇.新一代色彩管理系统WCS概观[J].印刷工业,2007-01:81-82
[9]梁静,张立辉.数码打样色彩管理系统的研究[J].包装工程,2006-04,27(2):108-112
[10]刘浩学等译.色彩管理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.7
[11]胡成发.印刷色彩学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社
[12]K.M.Braun and M.D.Fairchild,Testing five color appearance models for changes in viewing Conditions[J].Color Research and application,1997:165-174
[13]宋钊.CIECAM02在ICC色彩管理体系中的应用[J].印刷质量与标准化,2006.11:7-9
[14]景翠宁,胡涛,张二虎.基于ICC标准的输出设备的色彩管理[J].中国印刷,2001.12:65-69
[15]胡涛,车晓岩.色彩管理中的灰平衡控制[J].印刷杂志,2004.4:54-56
[16]车晓岩.彩色输出设备的色彩管理——建模与校准[D].西安理工大学.2004.03
[17]刘锦芳.基于Best的数码打样色彩管理实施方案[J].今日印刷,2005.12:30-33
[18]王君.CTP数字化生产流程中质量控制参数的研究[D].西安理工大学.2007.3
[19]冯瑞乾.印刷原理及工艺[M].印刷工业出版社.1999.4
[20]Mark D.Fairchild.Color Appearance Models[M].Reading Massachusetts.1
[21]M.R.Luo.CIE Color Appearance Models[A].见刘浩学.第二届北京印刷技术与印刷教育研讨会论文集[C].北京:北京艺术与科学电子出版社,2004:5-20
[22]N.Moroney,M.D.Fairchild,R.W.G.Hunt,C.J.Li,M.R.Luo,and T.Newman.The CIECAM02Color Appearance Model[PDF].:……,2002
[23]Mark D.Fairchild.Color Appearance Models-CIECAM02 and Beyond[PDF].http://www.cis.rit.edu/fairchild/PDFs,2004:
[24]黄庆梅,赵达尊.彩色复制中的色域映射[J].照明工程学报,2002.3:19-26
[25]J.Morovic,To develop a universal gamut mapping algorithm,ph.D.Thesis,University of Derby,1998
[26]C.Hung-shing,M.Omamiuda,H.Kotera,Adaptive gamut mapping method based on image-to-device,Proc.IS&Ts NIP 15,1999 International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies,Orlando,FL,346-349,1999
[27]L.MacDonald,J.Morovic,K.Xiao,A topographic gamut mapping algorithm based on experimental observer data,Proc.IS&T/SID's 8~(th)Color Imaging Conference,Scottsdale,AZ,311-317,2000
[28]Raja Balasubramanian,Ricardo de Queiroz.GAMUT MAPPING TO PRESERVE SPATIAL LUMINANCE VARIATIONS[J].Journal of Imaging Science and Technology,2001,436-441
[29]黄庆梅,赵达尊.不同色域映射算法视觉效果的一种评价方法[J].北京理工大学学报.2008.3:408-413
[30]Morovic J.and Luo M.R.The Fundamentals of Gamut Mapping:A Survey,Journal of imaging Science and Technology,2001.45/3:283-290
[31]Morovic J.and Luo M.R.Calculating Medium and Image Gamut Boundaries for Gamut Mapping,Color Research and Application,25,000-000(2000)
[32]马鲜艳.打印机和图像色域提取算法[J].计算机工程,2006.6:261-268
[33]胡涛,熊凯,张志刚.一种新的基于空间几何的打印机色域映射算法[J].计算机科学与实践,2005.3(1):161-163
[34]黄庆梅,赵达尊.基于Zernike多项式表示色域边界的色域映射[J].光学技术,2003.3:168-171
[35]Hiroaki Kotera,Ryoichi Saito.Compact description of 3-D image gamut by r-image method.http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet,2003
[36]Urban Philipp:Grigat R.-R..Gamut Boundary Determination by Sampling an Inverse Printer Model[C].IS&T's NIP 18,2002,778-781
[37]Jan Morovic,M.Bonnier Luo.Calculating medium and image gamut boundaries for gamut mapping[J].Color Research&Application.,2000,25(6),Pages 394-401.
[38]T.Newman and E.Pirrotta,The darker side of color appearance models and gamut mapping,Color Image Science 2000,University of Derby,215-223(2000).
[39]徐红,朱正芳.主观评价法在颜色研究中的应用[J].光学技术,1995.1:31-32
[40]徐锦林,周世生等.胶印图像制版原理[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1993:17-21
[41]FAIRCHILD M D,AHUNT R W G,LI C J,et al.The CIECAM02 Color Appearance Model [C]//IS&T/SID Tenth Color Imaging Conference,2002
[42]戚永红,周世生.均匀颜色空间及色差公式的发展简述[J].印刷世界,2003.9:16-19
[43]宋宗明.色差公式的发展简史和最新CIE色差公式[J].纺织高校基础科学学报,1995.12.8(6):344-347
[44]刘浩学.CIE均匀颜色空间与色差公式的应用[J].北京印刷学院学报,2003.9:3-8
[45]郑元林,杨淑蕙,周世生,戚永红.色差公式CMC(1:c)、CIE94和CIEDE2000的对比研究[J].包装工程,2006.10:127-128
[46]陈炳萍,唐正宁.CIEDE2000色差公式的研究[J].包装工程,2006.6:67-69
[47]熊凯.计算机输入输出设备色彩管理系统的研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.3
[48]杨卫平等.色貌与色貌模型[J].云南师范大学学报,2003.11:49-54
[49]杨卫平等.基于色貌的跨媒体颜色复制[J].光学技术,2005.1:101-103
[50]刘锦芳.数码打样色彩管理原理和实施方法[J].广东印刷,2006.3:23-24
[51]张志涌,许彦琴等.MATLAB教程——基于6.x版本[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.4
[2]ICC Profile spec Published as ISO 15076-1:2005[HTML].:http://www.printondemand.com/MT/archives/007699.html,2006.2
[3]周世生.高等色彩学[M].印刷工业出版社
[4]Windows.Windows Color System:The Next Generation Color Management System[DOC].:http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/display/color,2005.9
[5]Windows.WCS Color Device Model Profile Schema and Algorithms[HTML].http://windowssdk.msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library,2006
[6]M.Bourgoin,The Windows Color System-Evolution in the Microsoft Color Management Ecosystem[PPT].http://download.microsoft.com/download/f/0/5/f05a42ce-575b-4c60-82d6-208d3754b2d6,2005
[7]蔡圣燕.基于iCAM和实时颜色转换方式对ICC色彩管理机制的改进[D].解放军信息工程大学
[8]金洪勇.新一代色彩管理系统WCS概观[J].印刷工业,2007-01:81-82
[9]梁静,张立辉.数码打样色彩管理系统的研究[J].包装工程,2006-04,27(2):108-112
[10]刘浩学等译.色彩管理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.7
[11]胡成发.印刷色彩学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社
[12]K.M.Braun and M.D.Fairchild,Testing five color appearance models for changes in viewing Conditions[J].Color Research and application,1997:165-174
[13]宋钊.CIECAM02在ICC色彩管理体系中的应用[J].印刷质量与标准化,2006.11:7-9
[14]景翠宁,胡涛,张二虎.基于ICC标准的输出设备的色彩管理[J].中国印刷,2001.12:65-69
[15]胡涛,车晓岩.色彩管理中的灰平衡控制[J].印刷杂志,2004.4:54-56
[16]车晓岩.彩色输出设备的色彩管理——建模与校准[D].西安理工大学.2004.03
[17]刘锦芳.基于Best的数码打样色彩管理实施方案[J].今日印刷,2005.12:30-33
[18]王君.CTP数字化生产流程中质量控制参数的研究[D].西安理工大学.2007.3
[19]冯瑞乾.印刷原理及工艺[M].印刷工业出版社.1999.4
[20]Mark D.Fairchild.Color Appearance Models[M].Reading Massachusetts.1
[21]M.R.Luo.CIE Color Appearance Models[A].见刘浩学.第二届北京印刷技术与印刷教育研讨会论文集[C].北京:北京艺术与科学电子出版社,2004:5-20
[22]N.Moroney,M.D.Fairchild,R.W.G.Hunt,C.J.Li,M.R.Luo,and T.Newman.The CIECAM02Color Appearance Model[PDF].:……,2002
[23]Mark D.Fairchild.Color Appearance Models-CIECAM02 and Beyond[PDF].http://www.cis.rit.edu/fairchild/PDFs,2004:
[24]黄庆梅,赵达尊.彩色复制中的色域映射[J].照明工程学报,2002.3:19-26
[25]J.Morovic,To develop a universal gamut mapping algorithm,ph.D.Thesis,University of Derby,1998
[26]C.Hung-shing,M.Omamiuda,H.Kotera,Adaptive gamut mapping method based on image-to-device,Proc.IS&Ts NIP 15,1999 International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies,Orlando,FL,346-349,1999
[27]L.MacDonald,J.Morovic,K.Xiao,A topographic gamut mapping algorithm based on experimental observer data,Proc.IS&T/SID's 8~(th)Color Imaging Conference,Scottsdale,AZ,311-317,2000
[28]Raja Balasubramanian,Ricardo de Queiroz.GAMUT MAPPING TO PRESERVE SPATIAL LUMINANCE VARIATIONS[J].Journal of Imaging Science and Technology,2001,436-441
[29]黄庆梅,赵达尊.不同色域映射算法视觉效果的一种评价方法[J].北京理工大学学报.2008.3:408-413
[30]Morovic J.and Luo M.R.The Fundamentals of Gamut Mapping:A Survey,Journal of imaging Science and Technology,2001.45/3:283-290
[31]Morovic J.and Luo M.R.Calculating Medium and Image Gamut Boundaries for Gamut Mapping,Color Research and Application,25,000-000(2000)
[32]马鲜艳.打印机和图像色域提取算法[J].计算机工程,2006.6:261-268
[33]胡涛,熊凯,张志刚.一种新的基于空间几何的打印机色域映射算法[J].计算机科学与实践,2005.3(1):161-163
[34]黄庆梅,赵达尊.基于Zernike多项式表示色域边界的色域映射[J].光学技术,2003.3:168-171
[35]Hiroaki Kotera,Ryoichi Saito.Compact description of 3-D image gamut by r-image method.http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet,2003
[36]Urban Philipp:Grigat R.-R..Gamut Boundary Determination by Sampling an Inverse Printer Model[C].IS&T's NIP 18,2002,778-781
[37]Jan Morovic,M.Bonnier Luo.Calculating medium and image gamut boundaries for gamut mapping[J].Color Research&Application.,2000,25(6),Pages 394-401.
[38]T.Newman and E.Pirrotta,The darker side of color appearance models and gamut mapping,Color Image Science 2000,University of Derby,215-223(2000).
[39]徐红,朱正芳.主观评价法在颜色研究中的应用[J].光学技术,1995.1:31-32
[40]徐锦林,周世生等.胶印图像制版原理[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1993:17-21
[41]FAIRCHILD M D,AHUNT R W G,LI C J,et al.The CIECAM02 Color Appearance Model [C]//IS&T/SID Tenth Color Imaging Conference,2002
[42]戚永红,周世生.均匀颜色空间及色差公式的发展简述[J].印刷世界,2003.9:16-19
[43]宋宗明.色差公式的发展简史和最新CIE色差公式[J].纺织高校基础科学学报,1995.12.8(6):344-347
[44]刘浩学.CIE均匀颜色空间与色差公式的应用[J].北京印刷学院学报,2003.9:3-8
[45]郑元林,杨淑蕙,周世生,戚永红.色差公式CMC(1:c)、CIE94和CIEDE2000的对比研究[J].包装工程,2006.10:127-128
[46]陈炳萍,唐正宁.CIEDE2000色差公式的研究[J].包装工程,2006.6:67-69
[47]熊凯.计算机输入输出设备色彩管理系统的研究[D].西安理工大学,2005.3
[48]杨卫平等.色貌与色貌模型[J].云南师范大学学报,2003.11:49-54
[49]杨卫平等.基于色貌的跨媒体颜色复制[J].光学技术,2005.1:101-103
[50]刘锦芳.数码打样色彩管理原理和实施方法[J].广东印刷,2006.3:23-24
[51]张志涌,许彦琴等.MATLAB教程——基于6.x版本[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.4