考虑参数随机性重力式挡墙地震作用下动力可靠度分析
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摘要
支挡结构作为一种结构物,其类型各式各样,其适用条件取决于支挡位置的地形、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、建筑材料、支挡结构的用途、施工方法、技术经济条件和当地工程经验的积累等因素。重力式挡土墙支护在我国早已被广泛应用于边坡与基坑的支护中,并显示出了较大的优越性和适应性。然而目前在重力式挡土墙支护的动力设计分析中采用拟静力法,没有考虑土、挡土墙及动力荷载的物理力学指标的随机性,导致在工程中某些挡土墙结构按拟静力法估计的安全系数是足够的,而投入使用后却很快发生了破坏。如果将考虑参数随机性的动力可靠度分析方法引入挡土墙支护的设计分析中,则可以减少很多破坏的发生。对于将动力可靠度方法引入挡土墙支护的设计计算中,国内外部分学者已经做了一些工作,本文在前人工作的基础上又进行了以下几方面的研究：
(1)分析了影响挡土墙支护结构动力可靠度的随机变量,认为土的内摩擦角、重度、粘聚力,挡土墙的弹性模量、泊松比等均是服从正态分布的随机变量；根据动力可靠度理论,对挡土墙的动力破坏建立功能函数,并利用结构可靠度分析一次二阶矩法中的验算点法计算出失效模式的可靠度指标。
(2)由于挡土墙和土体结构在地震作用下的相互作用关系非常复杂,建立确定的功能函数十分困难,所以本文采用了广泛应用的响应面法建立挡墙土体结构的隐式功能函数,对功能函数进行显式拟合。
(3)利用最小二乘法得出功能函数中的回归系数,进而得到结构的极限状态方程。
(4)利用编程软件matlab进行动力可靠度的编程,最终通过迭代求出结构的可靠度指标。
(5)通过具体工程实例,计算得出结构在地震作用下的动力可靠度指标,进而得到沿墙高各节点的动力可靠度变化规律,从而为工程设计提供了参考。
The gravity retaining wall supporting has been widely used in slope and excavation support in our country, and the gravity retaining wall supporting shows a greater superiority and adaptability. However, the gravity retaining wall supporting use of dynamic design analysis method to be static, without consideration of soil, retaining walls and the dynamic load of physical and mechanical indexes of randomness,then that lead to some retaining wall estimate by pseudo-static method, the safety factor is adequate, but the gravity retaining wall was put into use and the damage occurred quickly. If you introduce the parameters of random dynamic reliability analysis method to the design of retaining walls supporting, you can reduce the occurrence of damage. A dynamic reliability method inducts into the retaining wall designing and calculation of supporting.At home and abroad, some scholars have been done some work, this article makes a study to base on the previous work,as follow:
(1)This text analyze the impact of the dynamic reliability of retaining wall with random variables, that conside the soil angle of internal friction, heavy, cohesive force, the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio normally distributed fliers random variable; According to dynamic reliability theory, and establishment of a function function, and use design point method in the first order second moment theory to calculate the reliability index failure mode.
(2) The retaining walls and soil structure interaction under earthquake relations are very complex,performance function was so difficult to established, so in this text, the widely used response surface method was used to establish the implicit performance function of the soil and retaining wall structure, then fit an explicit performance function.
(3)Using the least square method to get the regression coefficients in the performance function, and then get the limit state equation of the structure.
(4) Using the software matlab to programming, the structure reliability index was obtained through the iterative finally.
(5)Through specific examples, calculated the structure under earthquake dynamic reliability index, and then get the reliability index evolution of all the nodes along the wall altitude variation, and provides a reference design for the project.
(1)分析了影响挡土墙支护结构动力可靠度的随机变量,认为土的内摩擦角、重度、粘聚力,挡土墙的弹性模量、泊松比等均是服从正态分布的随机变量；根据动力可靠度理论,对挡土墙的动力破坏建立功能函数,并利用结构可靠度分析一次二阶矩法中的验算点法计算出失效模式的可靠度指标。
(2)由于挡土墙和土体结构在地震作用下的相互作用关系非常复杂,建立确定的功能函数十分困难,所以本文采用了广泛应用的响应面法建立挡墙土体结构的隐式功能函数,对功能函数进行显式拟合。
(3)利用最小二乘法得出功能函数中的回归系数,进而得到结构的极限状态方程。
(4)利用编程软件matlab进行动力可靠度的编程,最终通过迭代求出结构的可靠度指标。
(5)通过具体工程实例,计算得出结构在地震作用下的动力可靠度指标,进而得到沿墙高各节点的动力可靠度变化规律,从而为工程设计提供了参考。
The gravity retaining wall supporting has been widely used in slope and excavation support in our country, and the gravity retaining wall supporting shows a greater superiority and adaptability. However, the gravity retaining wall supporting use of dynamic design analysis method to be static, without consideration of soil, retaining walls and the dynamic load of physical and mechanical indexes of randomness,then that lead to some retaining wall estimate by pseudo-static method, the safety factor is adequate, but the gravity retaining wall was put into use and the damage occurred quickly. If you introduce the parameters of random dynamic reliability analysis method to the design of retaining walls supporting, you can reduce the occurrence of damage. A dynamic reliability method inducts into the retaining wall designing and calculation of supporting.At home and abroad, some scholars have been done some work, this article makes a study to base on the previous work,as follow:
(1)This text analyze the impact of the dynamic reliability of retaining wall with random variables, that conside the soil angle of internal friction, heavy, cohesive force, the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio normally distributed fliers random variable; According to dynamic reliability theory, and establishment of a function function, and use design point method in the first order second moment theory to calculate the reliability index failure mode.
(2) The retaining walls and soil structure interaction under earthquake relations are very complex,performance function was so difficult to established, so in this text, the widely used response surface method was used to establish the implicit performance function of the soil and retaining wall structure, then fit an explicit performance function.
(3)Using the least square method to get the regression coefficients in the performance function, and then get the limit state equation of the structure.
(4) Using the software matlab to programming, the structure reliability index was obtained through the iterative finally.
(5)Through specific examples, calculated the structure under earthquake dynamic reliability index, and then get the reliability index evolution of all the nodes along the wall altitude variation, and provides a reference design for the project.
引文
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[2]赵明洁,何光春,王多垠.边坡工程处治技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[3]陈肇元,崔京浩.土钉支护在基坑工程中的应用(第二版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[4]JGJ 120-99,建筑基坑支护技术规程[S].
[5]Low B K,Gilbert R B,Wright S G.Slope reliability analysis using generalized method of slices[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenovironmental Engineering,1997,124(4):350-362.
[6]贡金鑫,仲伟秋.工程结构可靠性基本原理的发展与应用[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,1997,29(4)：364-367.
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准.公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准(GB/T50283-1999)[S].北京：中国计划出版社,1999.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准(GB50068-2001)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[9]ZHAO Guofan,LI Yungui,WANG Hengdong.Asymptotic analysis methods for structural reliability[J].China Ocean Eng,1995,9(3):303-310.
[10]谭晓慧.边坡稳定可靠度分析方法的探讨[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),重力式挡土墙结构体系可靠度分析。2001,24(6)：40-44.
[11]王国体,陈名昭,周新宇,等.土坡稳定可靠度指标分析[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(3)：398-402.
[12]彭大鹏.土压力系数的概率分析[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(6)：117-122.
[13]王舰,桌军.基于可靠度的静止土压力计算方法[J].勘察科学技术,2005(4)：15-18.
[14]张丽娟.黄土物理力学指标的概率分析与挡土墙动土压力的求解[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2002.
[15]张丽娟,米海珍.挡土墙填土曲线破裂面的地震主动土压力分析[J].建筑科学,2003,19(5)：42-45.
[16]张丽娟,米海珍,李继雄.兰州Ⅲ级阶地黄土力学性质的统计分析[J].甘肃科学学报,2004,16(1)：113-115.
[17]赵建,冷伍明.基于能量理论的地震主动土压力计算方法研究[J].路基工程,2005(5)：39-41.
[18]邵龙潭,唐洪祥,孔宪京,等.随机地震作用下土石坝边坡的稳定性分析[J].水利学报,1999(11)：66-71.
[19]张林，林从谋,徐超,等.土质边坡动力稳定可靠度计算方法研究[J].防 灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(2)：178-181.
[20]Halatchevrossena.Probabilistic stability analysis of embankments slopes [A]. Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Control in Mining[C]. Jul7-10,1992:432-437.
[21]A.I.Homoud etc.Reliability analysis of three dimensional dynamic slope stability and earthquake induced permanent displacement [J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.2000,19(2):91-114.
[22]门玉明,黄义.土层随机地震反应的动力可靠度计算[J].西安工程学院学报,2002,24(1)：43-48.
[23]张建仁.挡土墙结构稳定性的可靠度分析[J].中国公路学报,1997,10(3)：53-58.
[24]王良,刘元雪.重力式挡土墙抗滑移的可靠度分析[J].重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版),2005,22(6)：609-611.
[25]陈红姣,徐占军,陆海平.挡土墙抗倾覆稳定性可靠度分析[J].铁道建筑,1998(12)：23-26.
[26]王平,刘东升,田强,等.地下水作用下挡土墙的稳定性分析[J].地下空间,2001,21(5)：475-479.
[27]朱明,谢涛.回填式挡土墙失稳机理与可靠性分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2003,29(1)：51-53.
[28]蔡阳,罗书学,刘昌清.重力式挡土墙结构稳定性的可靠度分析[J].四川建筑,2005,25(4)：86-87.
[29]蔡阳.重力式挡土墙可靠度研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[30]赵广强.重力式挡土墙可靠度分析及防滑设计探讨[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2007.
[31]杜永峰,余钰,李慧.重力式挡土墙稳定性的结构体系可靠度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3)：349-353.
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