油茶蒲鞣质提取及其降血糖活性研究
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摘要
中国是世界上最大的茶油生产基地。油茶主要分布在我国的西南及湘、赣南部的山地丘陵,它是我国特有的油料树种。油茶果是油茶树的果子,它由油茶蒲和油茶籽构成,质量比分别为60%和40%左右。经油茶籽提炼出来的山茶油,油酸和亚油酸含量合计在80%以上,具有很强的保健功能。油茶蒲可用来提炼栲胶、糠醛以及木糖醇等,还可用于制取活性炭和碳酸钾等。虽然我国油茶资源丰富,但对油茶蒲的开发利用却非常薄弱。。目前,国内外学者对植物鞣质的研究报道很多,却未涉及有关油茶蒲鞣质。本文重点对油茶蒲鞣质的提取、定性判别及其降血糖活性进行研究,主要研究内容和结果如下。
(一)鞣质的提取工艺研究：以油茶蒲为原料,鞣质得率为响应值,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化工艺参数。研究了提取时间、固液比和乙醇浓度三个因素对鞣质得率的影响。实验结果表明,各因素的主次顺序为：提取时间>固液比>乙醇浓度。经优化后的油茶蒲鞣质提取工艺参数为：超声辅助提取80 min,固液比1：20,乙醇浓度50%。在这一条件下油茶蒲中鞣质的得率可达6.75±0.04%。
(二)油茶蒲提取物体外抑制a-葡萄糖苷酶活性研究：采用αα-葡萄糖苷酶体外抑制模型对油茶蒲提取物及其各分级相的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行研究,发现油茶蒲提取物及其各分级相均具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,且活性都要远高于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50为50.15μg/mL),其中正丁醇相活性最好,IC50为1.32μg/mL。说明油茶蒲提取物的αα-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性与提取物的极性部位密切相关。油茶蒲提取物及其各分级相的抑制活性均与浓度呈正相关,说明其抑制活性具有良好的剂量-效应关系。
(三)油茶蒲提取物降血糖动物实验研究：在链脲佐菌素致糖尿病小鼠模型中,油茶蒲提取物可以控制小鼠体重的急剧下降；显著降低肝脏指数(中剂量组p<0.01,高剂量组p<0.01)；降低小鼠的空腹血糖；显著降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)含量(高剂量组p<0.05)和甘油三酯(TG)含量；提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量和血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(高剂量组p<0.05)；显著提高肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)(高剂量组p<0.01,中剂量组p<0.05)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)(高剂量组p<0.05)的活性,降低肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量。
研究结果表明,油茶蒲鞣质是一种极具研究价值和开发潜力的降血糖功能因子。
China is rich in camellia oil. Camellia oleifera distributes mainly in hilly regions of Hunan, Jiangxi and southwestern China and occasionally distributes in southeast Asia and Japan. It is China's special oil plant. The fruit of Camellia oleifera Abel is composed of fruit shell and seed, the contents of them are 63.64% and 36.36%, respectively. The camellia oil has high nutrition value on accounted of oleic acid and linoleic acid contents being more than 80%. The fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel can be used to extract tannin extract, furfural and xylitol. And it also can be turned into activated carbon and potassium carbonate. China is rich in Camellia oleifera Abel resources, but the research about the active materials from the fruit shell is rare. Recently, there are many researches about the bio-active tannins from the natural resources. But the research about the tannins from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel is not available. This paper is about the exaction, antitumor activities of tannins from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel.
(1) Optimization of the extraction technology
Using the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel as raw material, the content of tannins was determined by the method of phenol-sulphate acid. On the basis of single factors tests, the effects of the four factors including time, solid-liquid ratio and the concentration of ethanol on the yield of the tannins of fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel were studied through orthogonal experiment design. The results showed that the time of extraction had significant effect on the yield of tannins. The optimum technological parameters were as follows:textraction time 80 minutes, solid-liquid ratio 1:20 and ethanol concentration at 50%. The yield of the tannins was 6.75%±0.04 under the optimum technological parameters.
(2) inhibition of the extracts of the shell of camellia oleifera abel on alpha-glucosidase
The shell of Camellia oleifera Abel's total extraction and its three fractions could strongly inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity. And they were much better than the acarbose (IC50 is 50.15μg/mL).And the n-butanol extract was the best inhibitor.
(3) hypoglycemic effect of the extracts of the shell of camellia oleifera abel
The ethanol extract (600mg/kg BW·d) can significantly reduce TC in mice's blood serum while increasing HDL-C. Also the ethanol extract (600mg/kg BW·d) can increase the activity of SOD and GSH-PX,reduce the activity of MDA in mice's liver.
The results revealed that the tannins of fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel was a kind of factor having the hypoglycemic effect that has great research value and exploitation potential
(一)鞣质的提取工艺研究：以油茶蒲为原料,鞣质得率为响应值,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化工艺参数。研究了提取时间、固液比和乙醇浓度三个因素对鞣质得率的影响。实验结果表明,各因素的主次顺序为：提取时间>固液比>乙醇浓度。经优化后的油茶蒲鞣质提取工艺参数为：超声辅助提取80 min,固液比1：20,乙醇浓度50%。在这一条件下油茶蒲中鞣质的得率可达6.75±0.04%。
(二)油茶蒲提取物体外抑制a-葡萄糖苷酶活性研究：采用αα-葡萄糖苷酶体外抑制模型对油茶蒲提取物及其各分级相的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行研究,发现油茶蒲提取物及其各分级相均具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,且活性都要远高于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50为50.15μg/mL),其中正丁醇相活性最好,IC50为1.32μg/mL。说明油茶蒲提取物的αα-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性与提取物的极性部位密切相关。油茶蒲提取物及其各分级相的抑制活性均与浓度呈正相关,说明其抑制活性具有良好的剂量-效应关系。
(三)油茶蒲提取物降血糖动物实验研究：在链脲佐菌素致糖尿病小鼠模型中,油茶蒲提取物可以控制小鼠体重的急剧下降；显著降低肝脏指数(中剂量组p<0.01,高剂量组p<0.01)；降低小鼠的空腹血糖；显著降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)含量(高剂量组p<0.05)和甘油三酯(TG)含量；提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量和血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(高剂量组p<0.05)；显著提高肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)(高剂量组p<0.01,中剂量组p<0.05)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)(高剂量组p<0.05)的活性,降低肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量。
研究结果表明,油茶蒲鞣质是一种极具研究价值和开发潜力的降血糖功能因子。
China is rich in camellia oil. Camellia oleifera distributes mainly in hilly regions of Hunan, Jiangxi and southwestern China and occasionally distributes in southeast Asia and Japan. It is China's special oil plant. The fruit of Camellia oleifera Abel is composed of fruit shell and seed, the contents of them are 63.64% and 36.36%, respectively. The camellia oil has high nutrition value on accounted of oleic acid and linoleic acid contents being more than 80%. The fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel can be used to extract tannin extract, furfural and xylitol. And it also can be turned into activated carbon and potassium carbonate. China is rich in Camellia oleifera Abel resources, but the research about the active materials from the fruit shell is rare. Recently, there are many researches about the bio-active tannins from the natural resources. But the research about the tannins from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel is not available. This paper is about the exaction, antitumor activities of tannins from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel.
(1) Optimization of the extraction technology
Using the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel as raw material, the content of tannins was determined by the method of phenol-sulphate acid. On the basis of single factors tests, the effects of the four factors including time, solid-liquid ratio and the concentration of ethanol on the yield of the tannins of fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel were studied through orthogonal experiment design. The results showed that the time of extraction had significant effect on the yield of tannins. The optimum technological parameters were as follows:textraction time 80 minutes, solid-liquid ratio 1:20 and ethanol concentration at 50%. The yield of the tannins was 6.75%±0.04 under the optimum technological parameters.
(2) inhibition of the extracts of the shell of camellia oleifera abel on alpha-glucosidase
The shell of Camellia oleifera Abel's total extraction and its three fractions could strongly inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity. And they were much better than the acarbose (IC50 is 50.15μg/mL).And the n-butanol extract was the best inhibitor.
(3) hypoglycemic effect of the extracts of the shell of camellia oleifera abel
The ethanol extract (600mg/kg BW·d) can significantly reduce TC in mice's blood serum while increasing HDL-C. Also the ethanol extract (600mg/kg BW·d) can increase the activity of SOD and GSH-PX,reduce the activity of MDA in mice's liver.
The results revealed that the tannins of fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel was a kind of factor having the hypoglycemic effect that has great research value and exploitation potential
引文
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