具有高频链的同步电动机励磁控制系统的设计研究
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摘要
同步电动机在工业上的用途主要有两个,一是作为普通的工业电机,由于其结构较简单、维护方便、功率因数和效率较高、机械特性硬、气隙较大便于安装使用、转矩受电源电压影响小及过载能力较强等优点,而备受生产部门的青睐。二是作为改善电网的无功补偿机,由于其具有可调的功率因数,且功率因数调制机理简单,补偿效率高,应此得到了广泛的应用。
同步电动机的励磁电流是同步电动机稳定运行,且实现功率因数可调的决定因素。而本论文所研究的同步电动机励磁装置是实现同步电动机准确励磁的关键。
针对传统的可控硅励磁系统需要操作笨重且能耗较高的工频变压器,且自动励磁装置多用模拟电路搭建而成,并不能准确的控制励磁等缺点,提出了一种充分利用现代高新导磁材料,日益发达的集成电路技术和先进的控制理论的基于高频链的智能控制励磁机的设计实现。
论文详细介绍了同步电动机的异步启动过程和功率因数可调的原理,通过上述研究得出了利用具有零电压开关特征的移相软开关电源代替传统相控电源的可行性,然后介绍了使用C8051F020单片机和μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统所构成的智能励磁控制回路,最后介绍了一种先进的基于自适应PID的励磁电流控制策略。
课题的主要内容包括系统软硬件的设计与实现,如励磁装置所必需的硬件电路,高频变压器的设计,触发脉冲放大单元,滑差检测单元,以及CPU主控单元,键盘输入单元,液晶显示单元,以及各种故障检测单元。
系统设计简单,实现容易,可靠性较好,为励磁系统的智能控制系统及类似需要大功率可控电源的控制系统的设计和实现提供了条件,具有一定的理论研究意义和广阔的应用前景。
Synchronous motor has two mainly applications in industry. The first one is used to be an ordinary motor. This motor is simple, easy to maintain, high of power factor and efficiency, of hard mechanical trait, easy to install, and capable of over-loading. So, it has been in the great favor of the manufactory department. The second one is used to be a supply the system's reactive power for improving national grid. That is because it has adjustable power factor and the method of adjust is very simple, and highly efficient for compensatory.
The excite current is key factor of the synchronous motor's stable running and implement of adjusting its power factor. This paper is about the high frequency and intelligence of the modern exciting system, which is the foundation-part for realizing the motor exciting.
This paper aims the traditional controllable silicon exciting system requiring a huge and energy consuming industry frequency transformer and this system being built by analog electro circuit which can not ensure an accurate control of the exciter, and propose a new design which utilizing the modern magnetic material, IC technology, and advanced control theory.
This paper has three parts. First, it introduces the process of synchronous motor's starting and the principle of the adjustable of power factor, and gets the feasible of a new phase-shifted switch instead traditional phase-control switch. Second, it proposes an intelligent control circuit which combining C8051F020 microchip andμC/OS-II operation. The last but not the least, it advance a control tactics based adaptive control theory.
This paper researches the high frequency and intelligence of the modern exciting system, which focuses on the feasibility of the high-frequency-based exciting system, the design and implementation of the software and hardware. All of these include the necessary hardware electric-circle and the design of high frequency transform, as well as the component of the trigger pulse magnifying, the slip differential detecting, the CPU control, keyboard, LCD display, and all kind of fault detecting. This system is simple, reliable and easy to implement. It provides significant conditions for the design and implementation of both the intelligent control system of the exciting system and the analogous control system of the high-power controllable power. There is a certain theory research meaning and a brilliant future for its application.
同步电动机的励磁电流是同步电动机稳定运行,且实现功率因数可调的决定因素。而本论文所研究的同步电动机励磁装置是实现同步电动机准确励磁的关键。
针对传统的可控硅励磁系统需要操作笨重且能耗较高的工频变压器,且自动励磁装置多用模拟电路搭建而成,并不能准确的控制励磁等缺点,提出了一种充分利用现代高新导磁材料,日益发达的集成电路技术和先进的控制理论的基于高频链的智能控制励磁机的设计实现。
论文详细介绍了同步电动机的异步启动过程和功率因数可调的原理,通过上述研究得出了利用具有零电压开关特征的移相软开关电源代替传统相控电源的可行性,然后介绍了使用C8051F020单片机和μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统所构成的智能励磁控制回路,最后介绍了一种先进的基于自适应PID的励磁电流控制策略。
课题的主要内容包括系统软硬件的设计与实现,如励磁装置所必需的硬件电路,高频变压器的设计,触发脉冲放大单元,滑差检测单元,以及CPU主控单元,键盘输入单元,液晶显示单元,以及各种故障检测单元。
系统设计简单,实现容易,可靠性较好,为励磁系统的智能控制系统及类似需要大功率可控电源的控制系统的设计和实现提供了条件,具有一定的理论研究意义和广阔的应用前景。
Synchronous motor has two mainly applications in industry. The first one is used to be an ordinary motor. This motor is simple, easy to maintain, high of power factor and efficiency, of hard mechanical trait, easy to install, and capable of over-loading. So, it has been in the great favor of the manufactory department. The second one is used to be a supply the system's reactive power for improving national grid. That is because it has adjustable power factor and the method of adjust is very simple, and highly efficient for compensatory.
The excite current is key factor of the synchronous motor's stable running and implement of adjusting its power factor. This paper is about the high frequency and intelligence of the modern exciting system, which is the foundation-part for realizing the motor exciting.
This paper aims the traditional controllable silicon exciting system requiring a huge and energy consuming industry frequency transformer and this system being built by analog electro circuit which can not ensure an accurate control of the exciter, and propose a new design which utilizing the modern magnetic material, IC technology, and advanced control theory.
This paper has three parts. First, it introduces the process of synchronous motor's starting and the principle of the adjustable of power factor, and gets the feasible of a new phase-shifted switch instead traditional phase-control switch. Second, it proposes an intelligent control circuit which combining C8051F020 microchip andμC/OS-II operation. The last but not the least, it advance a control tactics based adaptive control theory.
This paper researches the high frequency and intelligence of the modern exciting system, which focuses on the feasibility of the high-frequency-based exciting system, the design and implementation of the software and hardware. All of these include the necessary hardware electric-circle and the design of high frequency transform, as well as the component of the trigger pulse magnifying, the slip differential detecting, the CPU control, keyboard, LCD display, and all kind of fault detecting. This system is simple, reliable and easy to implement. It provides significant conditions for the design and implementation of both the intelligent control system of the exciting system and the analogous control system of the high-power controllable power. There is a certain theory research meaning and a brilliant future for its application.
引文
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[36]张敏娟.48V25A通信用高频开关电源的研究与开发:[硕士论文]
[37]万山明,黄声华.有限双极性控制ZVZCS PWM全桥变换器.电源技术应用:2004.2
[38]Abraham I.Pressman.Switching Power Supply Design Publishing House of Electronics Industry.
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[42]EUPEC IGBT应用技术指南.电子工业出版社.2005
[43]富士混合IC驱动器EXB841使用说明
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[45]占景辉.非晶材料在开关电源中的应用.工业出版社,2000
[46]铁氧体磁心手册.南京:南京新康达磁业有限公司,1998
[47]Kheraluwala,M.H.,Novotny,D.W.,Divan,D.M.Design considerations for high power high frequency transformers.PESC'90:734-742
[48]蔡晓等.ZVZCS-PWM全桥变换器中谐振元件参数的选择.电力电子技术.2002.36
[49]J.G.Cho,G.H.Lim,F.C.Lee.zero voltage and zero current switching full bridge PWM converter using secondary active clamp. PESC'96:657-663
[50]C8051F020 User Manual
[51]邵贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ(第2版).北京:航空航天大学出版社.2003.5
[52]潘琢金,施国君.C8051Fxxx高速SOC单片机原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2002.5
[53]探矽工作室,嵌入式系统开发圣经.北京:中国青年出版社.2002
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[2]张志荣.新型双通道同步电动机微机励磁装置的研究与开发:[学位论文].河北:河北工业大学,2000
[3]薛媛.基于可编程计算机控制器IGBT励磁系统的开发:[学位论文].西安:西安理工大学,2003
[4]赵异波,何湘宁等.直流电源系统技术综述.电工技术,2001
[5]王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.科学出版社,2000.1
[6]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术.科学出版社,1999.9
[7]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的的软开关技术.科学出版社1999.9
[8]盛专成.一种新颖的PS-ZVZCS PWM全桥变换器.电力电子技术,2001.10
[9]刘胜利,严仰光.现代高频开关电源实用技术.电力工业出版社2004.1
[10]何立民.从CygnalC8051F看8位单片机发展之路.单片机与嵌入式应用,2002.5
[11]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1
[12]Jean J.Labrosse.New Features and Services since μC/OS-Ⅱ 2.00.2002
[13]附随安.同步电动机异步起动过程的分析计算.哈尔滨电工学院学报.1987.2
[14]毛珍玉.同步电动机的起动方式选择与参数计算.电工技术.1994.3
[15]三菱电机株式会社编.许振茂等译.变频调速器方面使用手册.北京:兵器工业出版社,1992
[16]Yuzhen Wang,Huashu Oin.A new approach to excitation control of power Intelligent control and Automation,2000.
[17]王晓远,李志广等.同步电动机异步全压起动研究.微电机.1999.6
[18]胡雪松.无灭磁电阻的无刷同步电动机起动过渡过程及其性能的研究.[硕士学位论文]
[19]王文友.浅谈同步电动机启动过程顺极性投励的问题.河北电力技术.1989.5
[20]王祥布,高景德.凸极同步电机回路参数的计算.清华大学学报.1987.1
[21]G.Gentile等,刘彦清译.研究凸极同步电机异步起动瞬态过程的新方法.国外大电机.1988.3
[22]Sivokobylenko,V.F.Controlling Excitation of a Synchronous Motor in the Starting andResynchronization Regimes.Krasnokutskaya,G.V.Elektr Not,1998:44-48
[23]Cheng,S.L.Large Brushless Synchronous Motor Excitation Control System.Proceedings of International Symposium on Salient-Pole Machines with Particular Reference to large Hydro-Electric generations and synchronous Motors,1993:116-120
[24]麦崇裔主编,林良养、翁开潮、詹前扬编著.电机学与拖动基础:广州,华南理工大学出版社,1998
[25]K.Matsuzawa,K.Yanagihashi,J.Tsukita et al.Stabilizing Control System Loss of Synchronism from Extention and Its Actual Operating Experience.Preventing IEEE Trans on Power System,Vol.10,No.3,1995:1606-1613
[26]黄席褪,邓仁明,郑文军.同步电动机失步保护与重整步技术.重庆大学学报,1995
[27]祖伟,烧翔.同步电动机失步及其保护的研究.继电器,1994.2
[28]杨卫国.同步电动机的功率因数检测与控制.自动化与仪器仪表,1999.8
[29]王兆安.电力电子技术发展动向电力电子技术.1999
[30]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路浙江大学出版社.2002.7
[31]A.Pressman.Switching and Linear Power Supply,Power Converter Designed.Switchtronix Press Waban,Mass,1977
[32]Inniss.B,Carli.G.A novel 12 kW switch mode power supply.INTELEC,90:88-96.
[33]Evans,P.D.converters.Heffernan,B.Electromagnetic consider -ations in power electronicProceedings of the IEEE2001,89(6):864-875
[34]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社.2004.9
[35]V.Joseph Thottuvelil,George C.Verghese.Analysis and Control Design of Paralleled DC/DC Converters with Current Sharing IEEE Transactions on Power Electronic,Vol.13,No.4,July 1998
[36]张敏娟.48V25A通信用高频开关电源的研究与开发:[硕士论文]
[37]万山明,黄声华.有限双极性控制ZVZCS PWM全桥变换器.电源技术应用:2004.2
[38]Abraham I.Pressman.Switching Power Supply Design Publishing House of Electronics Industry.
[39]陈伟凡,黄锦福.高频开关电源的原理及关键技术.电信技术,1997.9
[40]UC3875/6/7/8 User Manual
[41]林松.大功率高频软开关磁场电源的研究:[硕士论文]
[42]EUPEC IGBT应用技术指南.电子工业出版社.2005
[43]富士混合IC驱动器EXB841使用说明
[44]电子变压器设计手册.辽宁科学技术出版社,1999赵修科.实用电源技术手册—磁性元器件分册.辽宁科学技术出版社,2002
[45]占景辉.非晶材料在开关电源中的应用.工业出版社,2000
[46]铁氧体磁心手册.南京:南京新康达磁业有限公司,1998
[47]Kheraluwala,M.H.,Novotny,D.W.,Divan,D.M.Design considerations for high power high frequency transformers.PESC'90:734-742
[48]蔡晓等.ZVZCS-PWM全桥变换器中谐振元件参数的选择.电力电子技术.2002.36
[49]J.G.Cho,G.H.Lim,F.C.Lee.zero voltage and zero current switching full bridge PWM converter using secondary active clamp. PESC'96:657-663
[50]C8051F020 User Manual
[51]邵贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ(第2版).北京:航空航天大学出版社.2003.5
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