川崎病外周血循环内皮细胞水平变化与冠状动脉损伤关系的探讨
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摘要
目的
本研究是通过观察川崎病(Kawasaki disease, KD)患儿循环内皮细胞(CEC)水平的变化与患儿冠状动脉损伤的关系,进一步探讨川崎病早期诊断的方法。
方法
研究对象为30例川崎病患儿,其中23例为完全型川崎病,7例不完全型川崎病。采用双盲对照研究法分别于人血丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗前抽取静脉血2ml,采用Hladovec法计数循环内皮细胞。根据超声心动图检查结果将川崎病组又分为冠状动脉损伤组(CAL)9例和冠状动脉无损伤组(NCAL)21例。对照组为10例健康体检儿童。
结果
川崎病组与对照组CEC数量比较：川崎病组CEC数量为(9.77+5.45)/0.9ul,高于正常对照组的(3.40+1.26)/0.9ul,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
川崎病CAL组与NCAL组CEC数量比较：CAL组患儿CEC数量为(16.56+2.13)/0.9ul,高于NCAL组的(6.86+3.41)/0.9ul,相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
完全型川崎病组和不完全型川崎病组循环内皮细胞数量比较：完全型川崎病组患儿CEC数量为(10.48±5.69)/0.9ul,不完全型川崎病组患儿CEC数量为(7.43+4.08)/0.9ul,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
结论
川崎病急性期患儿循环内皮细胞水平升高明显,急性期冠状动脉损伤组循环内皮细胞水平高于无损伤组,循环内皮细胞水平的检测有助于川崎病的早期诊断。
Objective
Kawasaki disease in this study by observation (Kawasaki disease, KD) in children with circulating endothelial cells (CEC) levels in patients with coronary artery damage in children, to further explore methods of early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
Methods
The subjects were 30 cases of children with Kawasaki disease,23 cases of complete disease,7 cases of incomplete Kawasaki disease. Double-blind control study using human blood were gamma globulin (IVIG) treatment before blood samples were 2ml, with Hladovec method to count circulating endothelial cells. According to results of echocardiography will be Kawasaki disease were divided into groups of coronary artery lesions (CAL) 9 cases and coronary artery without injury group (NCAL) 21 cases. Control group of 10 healthy children.
Results
Kawasaki disease were compared with the control group, the number of CEC: CEC quantity of Kawasaki disease group (9.77±5.45)/0.9ul, higher than the control group (3.40±1.26)/0.9ul, the difference was significant (P<0.01).
Kawasaki CAL group compared with the number of CEC NCAL Group:CAL group The number of children with CEC (16.56±2.13)/0.9ul, higher than the NCAL group (6.86±3.41)/0.9ul, compared to significantly (P<0.05).
Of complete and incomplete Kawasaki disease Kawasaki disease compared the number of circulating endothelial cells:complete set of Kawasaki disease in children with the number of CEC was (10.48±5.69)/0.9ul, incomplete Kawasaki disease group The number of children with CEC (7.43±4.08)/0.9ul, showed no significant difference (P> 0.05).
Conclusion
Acute phase of Kawasaki disease in children with significantly elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells, acute coronary artery injury group, the level of circulating endothelial cells than those without injury group, the level of detection of circulating endothelial cells contribute to early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
本研究是通过观察川崎病(Kawasaki disease, KD)患儿循环内皮细胞(CEC)水平的变化与患儿冠状动脉损伤的关系,进一步探讨川崎病早期诊断的方法。
方法
研究对象为30例川崎病患儿,其中23例为完全型川崎病,7例不完全型川崎病。采用双盲对照研究法分别于人血丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗前抽取静脉血2ml,采用Hladovec法计数循环内皮细胞。根据超声心动图检查结果将川崎病组又分为冠状动脉损伤组(CAL)9例和冠状动脉无损伤组(NCAL)21例。对照组为10例健康体检儿童。
结果
川崎病组与对照组CEC数量比较：川崎病组CEC数量为(9.77+5.45)/0.9ul,高于正常对照组的(3.40+1.26)/0.9ul,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
川崎病CAL组与NCAL组CEC数量比较：CAL组患儿CEC数量为(16.56+2.13)/0.9ul,高于NCAL组的(6.86+3.41)/0.9ul,相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
完全型川崎病组和不完全型川崎病组循环内皮细胞数量比较：完全型川崎病组患儿CEC数量为(10.48±5.69)/0.9ul,不完全型川崎病组患儿CEC数量为(7.43+4.08)/0.9ul,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
结论
川崎病急性期患儿循环内皮细胞水平升高明显,急性期冠状动脉损伤组循环内皮细胞水平高于无损伤组,循环内皮细胞水平的检测有助于川崎病的早期诊断。
Objective
Kawasaki disease in this study by observation (Kawasaki disease, KD) in children with circulating endothelial cells (CEC) levels in patients with coronary artery damage in children, to further explore methods of early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
Methods
The subjects were 30 cases of children with Kawasaki disease,23 cases of complete disease,7 cases of incomplete Kawasaki disease. Double-blind control study using human blood were gamma globulin (IVIG) treatment before blood samples were 2ml, with Hladovec method to count circulating endothelial cells. According to results of echocardiography will be Kawasaki disease were divided into groups of coronary artery lesions (CAL) 9 cases and coronary artery without injury group (NCAL) 21 cases. Control group of 10 healthy children.
Results
Kawasaki disease were compared with the control group, the number of CEC: CEC quantity of Kawasaki disease group (9.77±5.45)/0.9ul, higher than the control group (3.40±1.26)/0.9ul, the difference was significant (P<0.01).
Kawasaki CAL group compared with the number of CEC NCAL Group:CAL group The number of children with CEC (16.56±2.13)/0.9ul, higher than the NCAL group (6.86±3.41)/0.9ul, compared to significantly (P<0.05).
Of complete and incomplete Kawasaki disease Kawasaki disease compared the number of circulating endothelial cells:complete set of Kawasaki disease in children with the number of CEC was (10.48±5.69)/0.9ul, incomplete Kawasaki disease group The number of children with CEC (7.43±4.08)/0.9ul, showed no significant difference (P> 0.05).
Conclusion
Acute phase of Kawasaki disease in children with significantly elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells, acute coronary artery injury group, the level of circulating endothelial cells than those without injury group, the level of detection of circulating endothelial cells contribute to early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
引文
1 Tsuda E, Kitamura S. National survey of coronary artery bypasss,ftins for coronastcnosis caused by Kawasaki disease in Japan [J] 1. Circula-tion,2004,20(1):61 -66.
2 Woywodt A,Streiber F,de Groot K,et al Circulating endothelial cells as markers for ANCA associated small-vessel vasculities [J].Lancet,2003,361(9353):206-210
3 Belcher JD,Bryant CJ,Nguyen J,et al Transgenic sickle mice have vascular inflammation [J].Blood,2003,101(10):3953-3959.
4 Bull TM,Golpon H, Hebbel RP,et al Circulating endothelial cells in pulmonary hypertension [J].Thromb Haem-ost,2003,90(4):698-703
5 杨丽霞.祝善俊,杨映波等, 充血性心力衰竭时循环内皮细胞的变化及其意义-临床荟萃,1993,15； 161675
6 Solovey A. Lin Y. B rowne P, et al. C irculating activated endothelial cells in sickle cell anemia [J]. N Engl J Med,1997,337(22):1584
7 Mutin M, Canavyl. Blann A, et al. Direct evidence of endothelial injury in acute myocardial infartion and unstable angina by demon-stration ofcirculating endothelial cells [J]. Blood,1999,93(9):2951-2953.
8 Clancy R. Marder G. Martin V.et al. Circulating activated endothelial cells in systemic lupuserythematosus-further evidence for diffuse vasculopathy[J] Arthritis Rheum,2001, 44(5):1203-1208
9 Del Papa N. Cortiana M. Maglione W. et al. C irculating endothelial cells as a marker of ongoing vascular disease in system selerosis[J]. Arthritis Rheum.2004,50 (4): 1296-304.
10 Woywodt A.Streiber F.de Groot K.et al. Cirtulating endothelial cells as markers for ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis [J]. Lancet,2003.361(9353):206.210.
11 Bull T M, Golpon H, Hebbel RP, et al. Circulating endothelial cells in pulm onary hypertension [J]. Thromb Haemost,2003,90(4):698-703.
12 Mc ClungJA, Naseer N, Saleem M, et al、 Circulating endothelial cells are elevated in paients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independ-ently of HbA (1)c[J]Diabetologia, 2005,48(2):345-350.
13 Koc M, B ihorac A, Segal MS. Circulating endothelial cells as potential markers of the state of the endothelium in hemodialysis patients [J]. Am J Kidney Dis,2003, 42(4):7o4-712.
14 M utunga M, Fulton B, B ullock R, et al. Circulating endothelial cells in patients with
septic shock[J]、Am J Respir Crit Care M ed,2001,163(1):195-200
15 B eell poot LV, M ehra N, V ermaat JS, et al. Increased levels of viable circulating endothelial cells are an indicator of progressive disease in cancer patients[J]. Ann Oncol,2004.
16 Ayusawa M, Sonobe T, Uemura S, et al. Revision of diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease[J]. Pediatr Int,2005,47(2):232-235.
17 K.NAKATANI,S.TAKESHITA,H.TSUJIOTO,et al.Circulating endothelial cells in Kawasaki disease[J]. Clin Exp 12003; 131:536-540.
18 吴梓梁.小儿内科学[M].第1版.河南：郑州大学出版社,2003,1148-1152.
19 王永午.现代小儿免疫病学[M].北京：人民军医出版社,2000,342-346.
20 Devaraj S, Xu DY, Jialal L C - reactive protein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor - expressionan dactivity in human aortic elldothelial cells:implications for the metabolic syndrome and atherothrombsis[J]. Circulation,2003,107:398-404
21 Hunting CB,Noort WA,Zwaginga JJ,et al.Circulating endothelial (progenitor) cells reflect the state of the endothelium:vascular injuary, repair and neovascularization [J].Vox sang,2005,88(1):1-9
22 Segal K, Azra Bihorac A, Koc M, et al. Circulating endothelial cells:tea leaves for renal disease Am J Physiol Renal Physio,2002,283:11 - 19.
1 Rae S.M. Yeung.The etiology of Kawasaki disease:a superantigen-mediated process.[J] Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 19 (2004) 115-122.
2 SuzukiA,Miyagawa Tomitas,Nakazaws,et al. Remodeling of coronary artery lesions due to Kawasaki disease:comparison of arteriographic and immunohistochemical findings [J]. Jpn Heart,2000,41 (3):245-256.
3 杜军保、宁寿葆、滕淑英.2004年全国小儿心血管疾病学术会议纪要.中华儿科杂志,2005,43(7)： 555-557.
4 Mori M, Imagawa T, Yasui K,et al. Predictors of coronary artery lesions after intravenous gamma-globulin treatment in Kawasaki disease [J] Pediatr,2000,137(2):177-180.
5 Murasawa s, Ashahara T. Endothelial progenitor cells for vasculogenesis.[J]Physiology,2005,20(1):36-42.
6 Walter DH, Rittig K, Bahllann FH, et al. Statin therapy accelerates reendothelialization:a novel effect involving mobilization and incorporation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells.[J] Circulation,2002,105 (25):3017-3024.
7 Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JP, et al. Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Vascular Function, and Cardiovascular Risk [J] N Engl J Med,2003,348 (7):593-600.
8 Werner N, Kosiol S, Schiegl T,et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes.N Engl J Med.2005,353(10):999-1007.
9 Nakatani K, Takeshita S, Tsujimoto H, et al. Circulating endothelial cells in Kawasaki disease. [J] Clin Exp Immunol.2003 Mar;131(3):536-40.
10 Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis.[J] Science,1997,275:964-967.
11 Weiss M, Orkin SH. In vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells.New approaches to old problems [J] Clin Invest,1996,97(3).
12 Peichev M, Naiyer AJ, Pereira D, et al. Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors. Blood,2000, 95:9522958.
13 Heissig B, Hattori K, Dias S,et al. Recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of kit-ligand. Cell.2002,109(5):625-37.
14 Suzuki H, Noda E, Miyawaki M, et al. Serum levels of neutrophil activation cytokines in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int.2001,43(2):115-9.
15 Senzaki H, Masurtani S, Kobayashi J, et al. Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in patients with Kawasaki disease.Circulation,2001,104:8602863.
16 Chua PK, Melish ME, Yu Q, et al. Elevated levels of metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitor of
metalloproteinases 1 during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol,2003,10:3082314.
17 Gavin PJ,Crawford SE,Shulman ST,et al.Systemic arterial expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in acute Kawasaki disease.Vasc Biol,2003,23:576-581.
18 Ohno T,Igarashi H,Inoue K,et al. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor:a new predictive indicator for the occurrence of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.Eur J Pediatr,2000,59:424-429.
19 YUJI HAMAMICHI, FUKIKO ICHIDA, XIANYI YU。 Neutrophils and Mononuclear Cells Express Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Acute Kawasaki Disease:Its Possible Role in Progression of Coronary Artery Lesions。 Pediatr. Res.,2001,49:74.
20 Samada K, Igarashi H, Shiraishi H,et al.Increased serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor correlates with coronary artery dilatation in Kawasaki disease.Eur J Pediatr.2002, 161(10):538-41.
21 Dimmeler S,Zeiher AM.Vascular repair by circulating endothelial progenitor cells:the missing link in atherosclerosis? J Mol Med.2004,82 (10):671-677
22 Gulati R, Jevremovie D, Peterson TE, et al. Autologous culture-modified mononuclcar cells confer vascular protection after arterial injury[J]. Circulation,2003,108(12):1520-1526。
23 Murohara T,Ikeda H,Duan J,et al.Transplanted cord blood-derived endothelial precursor cells augment postnatal neovascularization. [J] Clin Invest,2000,105(11):527-536.
24 Kong D,Melo LG, GnecchiM, et al. Cytokine-induced mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells enhances repair of injured arteries。 [J] Circulation,2004; 110 (14):2039-2 046
25 Wemer N, Junk S, Laufs U, et al. Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces neointima formation after vascular injury [J]. Circ Res,2003,93(2):e17 - e24.
26 Grieves DP,Ehsan A,Melo LG, et al. Isolation and transplantation of autologous circulating endothelial cells into denuded vessels and prosthetic grafts:implications for cell-based vascular therapy.Circulation.2003.108:2710-2715.
27 Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Aicher A, et al. Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circ Res.2001 Jul 6;89(1):E1-7.
28 Schmidt-Lucke C, Rossig L, Fichtlscherer S,et al. Reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells predicts future cardiovascular events:proof of concept for the clinical importance of endogenous vascular repair. Circulation.2005 Jun 7;111(22):2981-7.
29 Ying Yu, Alan F. Flint, John B, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells in infantile hemangioma. Blood.2004;103:1373-1375.
30 Hattori K, Dias S, Heissig B,et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 stimulate postnatal hematopoiesis by recruitment of vasculogenic and hematopoietic stem cells.:J Exp Med.2001 May 7;193(9):1005-14.
31 Aicher A, Heeschen C, Mildner-Rihm C, Urbich C,et al. Essential role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase for mobilization of stem and progenitor cells.Nat Med.2003 Nov;9(11):1370-6. Epub 2003 Oct12
32 Hiasa K, Ishibashi M, Ohtani K,et al. Gene transfer of stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha enhances ischemic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor/endothelial nitric oxide synthase-related pathway:next-generation chemokine therapy for therapeutic neovascularization. Circulation.2004 May 25;109(20):2454-61.
33 Cho HJ, Kim HS, Lee MM, et al. Mobilized endothelial progenitor cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor accelerate reendothelialization and reduce vascular inflammation after intravascular radiation. Circulation.2003 Dec 9;108(23):2918-25.
34 Natori T, Sata M, Washida M,et al. G-CSF stimulates angiogenesis and promotes tumor growth: potential contribution of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2002 Oct 4;297(4):1058-61.
35 Bahlmann FH, De Groot K, Spandau JM, et al. Erythropoietin regulates endothelial progenitor cells. Blood.2004 Feb 1;103(3):921-6.
36 Iwakura A, Luedemann C, Shastry S, Estrogen-mediated, endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells contributes to reendothelialization after arterial injury. Circulation.2003 Dec 23;108(25):3115-21.
37 Yu X, Hirono KI, Ichida F, et al. Enhanced iNOS expression in leukocytes and circulating endothelial cells is associated with the progression of coronary artery lesions in acute Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res.2004 Apr;55(4):688-94.
2 Woywodt A,Streiber F,de Groot K,et al Circulating endothelial cells as markers for ANCA associated small-vessel vasculities [J].Lancet,2003,361(9353):206-210
3 Belcher JD,Bryant CJ,Nguyen J,et al Transgenic sickle mice have vascular inflammation [J].Blood,2003,101(10):3953-3959.
4 Bull TM,Golpon H, Hebbel RP,et al Circulating endothelial cells in pulmonary hypertension [J].Thromb Haem-ost,2003,90(4):698-703
5 杨丽霞.祝善俊,杨映波等, 充血性心力衰竭时循环内皮细胞的变化及其意义-临床荟萃,1993,15； 161675
6 Solovey A. Lin Y. B rowne P, et al. C irculating activated endothelial cells in sickle cell anemia [J]. N Engl J Med,1997,337(22):1584
7 Mutin M, Canavyl. Blann A, et al. Direct evidence of endothelial injury in acute myocardial infartion and unstable angina by demon-stration ofcirculating endothelial cells [J]. Blood,1999,93(9):2951-2953.
8 Clancy R. Marder G. Martin V.et al. Circulating activated endothelial cells in systemic lupuserythematosus-further evidence for diffuse vasculopathy[J] Arthritis Rheum,2001, 44(5):1203-1208
9 Del Papa N. Cortiana M. Maglione W. et al. C irculating endothelial cells as a marker of ongoing vascular disease in system selerosis[J]. Arthritis Rheum.2004,50 (4): 1296-304.
10 Woywodt A.Streiber F.de Groot K.et al. Cirtulating endothelial cells as markers for ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis [J]. Lancet,2003.361(9353):206.210.
11 Bull T M, Golpon H, Hebbel RP, et al. Circulating endothelial cells in pulm onary hypertension [J]. Thromb Haemost,2003,90(4):698-703.
12 Mc ClungJA, Naseer N, Saleem M, et al、 Circulating endothelial cells are elevated in paients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independ-ently of HbA (1)c[J]Diabetologia, 2005,48(2):345-350.
13 Koc M, B ihorac A, Segal MS. Circulating endothelial cells as potential markers of the state of the endothelium in hemodialysis patients [J]. Am J Kidney Dis,2003, 42(4):7o4-712.
14 M utunga M, Fulton B, B ullock R, et al. Circulating endothelial cells in patients with
septic shock[J]、Am J Respir Crit Care M ed,2001,163(1):195-200
15 B eell poot LV, M ehra N, V ermaat JS, et al. Increased levels of viable circulating endothelial cells are an indicator of progressive disease in cancer patients[J]. Ann Oncol,2004.
16 Ayusawa M, Sonobe T, Uemura S, et al. Revision of diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease[J]. Pediatr Int,2005,47(2):232-235.
17 K.NAKATANI,S.TAKESHITA,H.TSUJIOTO,et al.Circulating endothelial cells in Kawasaki disease[J]. Clin Exp 12003; 131:536-540.
18 吴梓梁.小儿内科学[M].第1版.河南：郑州大学出版社,2003,1148-1152.
19 王永午.现代小儿免疫病学[M].北京：人民军医出版社,2000,342-346.
20 Devaraj S, Xu DY, Jialal L C - reactive protein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor - expressionan dactivity in human aortic elldothelial cells:implications for the metabolic syndrome and atherothrombsis[J]. Circulation,2003,107:398-404
21 Hunting CB,Noort WA,Zwaginga JJ,et al.Circulating endothelial (progenitor) cells reflect the state of the endothelium:vascular injuary, repair and neovascularization [J].Vox sang,2005,88(1):1-9
22 Segal K, Azra Bihorac A, Koc M, et al. Circulating endothelial cells:tea leaves for renal disease Am J Physiol Renal Physio,2002,283:11 - 19.
1 Rae S.M. Yeung.The etiology of Kawasaki disease:a superantigen-mediated process.[J] Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 19 (2004) 115-122.
2 SuzukiA,Miyagawa Tomitas,Nakazaws,et al. Remodeling of coronary artery lesions due to Kawasaki disease:comparison of arteriographic and immunohistochemical findings [J]. Jpn Heart,2000,41 (3):245-256.
3 杜军保、宁寿葆、滕淑英.2004年全国小儿心血管疾病学术会议纪要.中华儿科杂志,2005,43(7)： 555-557.
4 Mori M, Imagawa T, Yasui K,et al. Predictors of coronary artery lesions after intravenous gamma-globulin treatment in Kawasaki disease [J] Pediatr,2000,137(2):177-180.
5 Murasawa s, Ashahara T. Endothelial progenitor cells for vasculogenesis.[J]Physiology,2005,20(1):36-42.
6 Walter DH, Rittig K, Bahllann FH, et al. Statin therapy accelerates reendothelialization:a novel effect involving mobilization and incorporation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells.[J] Circulation,2002,105 (25):3017-3024.
7 Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JP, et al. Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Vascular Function, and Cardiovascular Risk [J] N Engl J Med,2003,348 (7):593-600.
8 Werner N, Kosiol S, Schiegl T,et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes.N Engl J Med.2005,353(10):999-1007.
9 Nakatani K, Takeshita S, Tsujimoto H, et al. Circulating endothelial cells in Kawasaki disease. [J] Clin Exp Immunol.2003 Mar;131(3):536-40.
10 Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis.[J] Science,1997,275:964-967.
11 Weiss M, Orkin SH. In vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells.New approaches to old problems [J] Clin Invest,1996,97(3).
12 Peichev M, Naiyer AJ, Pereira D, et al. Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors. Blood,2000, 95:9522958.
13 Heissig B, Hattori K, Dias S,et al. Recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of kit-ligand. Cell.2002,109(5):625-37.
14 Suzuki H, Noda E, Miyawaki M, et al. Serum levels of neutrophil activation cytokines in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int.2001,43(2):115-9.
15 Senzaki H, Masurtani S, Kobayashi J, et al. Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in patients with Kawasaki disease.Circulation,2001,104:8602863.
16 Chua PK, Melish ME, Yu Q, et al. Elevated levels of metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitor of
metalloproteinases 1 during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol,2003,10:3082314.
17 Gavin PJ,Crawford SE,Shulman ST,et al.Systemic arterial expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in acute Kawasaki disease.Vasc Biol,2003,23:576-581.
18 Ohno T,Igarashi H,Inoue K,et al. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor:a new predictive indicator for the occurrence of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease.Eur J Pediatr,2000,59:424-429.
19 YUJI HAMAMICHI, FUKIKO ICHIDA, XIANYI YU。 Neutrophils and Mononuclear Cells Express Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Acute Kawasaki Disease:Its Possible Role in Progression of Coronary Artery Lesions。 Pediatr. Res.,2001,49:74.
20 Samada K, Igarashi H, Shiraishi H,et al.Increased serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor correlates with coronary artery dilatation in Kawasaki disease.Eur J Pediatr.2002, 161(10):538-41.
21 Dimmeler S,Zeiher AM.Vascular repair by circulating endothelial progenitor cells:the missing link in atherosclerosis? J Mol Med.2004,82 (10):671-677
22 Gulati R, Jevremovie D, Peterson TE, et al. Autologous culture-modified mononuclcar cells confer vascular protection after arterial injury[J]. Circulation,2003,108(12):1520-1526。
23 Murohara T,Ikeda H,Duan J,et al.Transplanted cord blood-derived endothelial precursor cells augment postnatal neovascularization. [J] Clin Invest,2000,105(11):527-536.
24 Kong D,Melo LG, GnecchiM, et al. Cytokine-induced mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells enhances repair of injured arteries。 [J] Circulation,2004; 110 (14):2039-2 046
25 Wemer N, Junk S, Laufs U, et al. Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces neointima formation after vascular injury [J]. Circ Res,2003,93(2):e17 - e24.
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