分子标记辅助改良稻米品质
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摘要
随着生物技术的发展和应用,农作物育种已从传统育种时代进入分子育种时代,其核心是借助与重要功能基因紧密连锁的分子标记,开展有利基因的剪切和聚合,培育在产量、米质、抗性等多方面突破的超级稻新品种,尤其是对一些多基因控制的、易受环境影响的复杂性状,如稻米品质性状及其多基因的聚合,分子育种有着常规育种无法比拟的优势,分子育种还可在早世代进行准确、稳定的选择。分子育种技术的这种优势被越来越多地应用于农作物品种改良中。
本研究通过对“日本晴/93-11”的重组自交系群体及其遗传图谱的构建,获得了144个株系包含125个分子标记的遗传图谱,并初步分析了部分分子标记在该遗传图谱中的偏分离状况；基于该遗传图谱的构建,通过对重组自交系群体各株系的稻米品质相关性状的检测,完成了“日本晴/93-11”的重组自交系群体稻米品质相关性状的QTL分析,在水稻5条染色体上共检测到6个与稻米蒸煮食味品质相关QTL,但各QTL的LOD值和贡献率均较小；借助其它作物在淀粉合成代谢中的研究成果,结合生物信息学研究手段,明确了水稻淀粉合成代谢网络模式及其参与的酶或同功酶,获得了参与水稻淀粉合成代谢的29个主要基因及其编码序列；根据Blast的结果,鉴定出18淀粉合成相关基因在93-11和日本晴基因组结构上的差异,并发展了以PCR技术为基础的检测标记；通过回交结合分子标记辅助选择,将日本晴的淀粉合成相关基因导入93-11,经过5次以93-11为轮回亲本的连续回交和分子标记辅助选择,形成了以93-11为背景的淀粉合成相关基因的近等基因系,以及多基因聚合的近等基因系,通过对置换系及近等基因系的稻米品质检测发现,导入日本晴的淀粉合成基因能改善93-11的稻米品质,总体上说,导入日本晴的基因越多的株系,其蒸煮食味品质也越好,如导入5个日本晴基因的株系,其品质要优于导入4个或3个日本晴基因的株系；但也有部分置换系材料的稻米品质指标却劣于93-11,这可能由于籼稻93-11中也存在一些能提高稻米品质的淀粉合成相关基因；而将之用于杂交稻的测配,则获得了如广占63S/R7275等系列优异组合。
本研究利用业已完成序列测定的93-11和日本晴的基因组信息,结合生物信息学分析手段,并利用分子标记辅助选择和回交转育技术来改良稻米品质,显著提高了轮回亲本的稻米品质和育种改良的周期,选配获得了部分优异组合,为水稻品质改良提供了一条新途径。
With the development and application of biotechnology, crop breeding had been from traditional breeding age into the era of molecular breeding. The core was to carry out the shear favorable genes and aggregation, using the markers which were linked functional genes tightly. Molecular breeding have much advantages, including identification in the early generation accurately and stably, overcoming the vulnerability of the environment as well as the difficult of multi-gene control. And these advantages were applicated in the agriculture area more and more widely.
In this study, a genetic map contained 144 lines with 125 molecular markers was obtained, which was based on the construction of recombinant inbred lines of "Nipponbare/93-11". A preliminary analysis carried out for segregation distortion of some molecular markers in the genetic map. Based on the construction of the genetic map, QTL analysis related to rice quality traits had been completed, by testing the rice quality of the various strains of recombinant inbred lines. As a result 6 QTLs had been detected distributed on the 5 chromosomes. But the LOD value of each QTL was small.29 major genes as well as their sequence had been acquired by the means of bioinformatics research tools, and the network model of rice starch biosynthesis had been mastered. According to Blast results,18 starch synthesis-related genes had clear differences in genome structure of 93-11 and Nipponbare. And some PCR markers for detection had been developed. Through backcrossing with molecular marker assisted selection(MAS), and starch synthesis-related genes of Nipponbare were transformed into 93-11, after five times with 93-11 as the recurrent parent continuous backcrossing and MAS, and formed a near-isogenic line(NIL) of starch biosynthesis related genes with the background of 93-11, as well as polymerization of multi-gene NIL, through the detection of the substitution lines and NIL of rice quality, it was found that it can improve the rice quality by transferring the Nipponbare starch synthesis genes; Generally speaking, the more of the genes imported into 93-11, the better quality of their cooking and eating. For example,the quality of the lines imported 5 genes from Nipponbare was superior to those lines which were imported 4 or 3 genes in the background of the Nipponbare; But there were also some substitution lines, whose quality was inferior to 93-11. May be there existed a number of genes from 93-11 could also improve the quality. When it is used for measuring distribution of hybrid rice, we can obtain the excellent combination just like guangzhan 63S/R7275 series.
This study improved the rice quality through the molecular marker assisted backcross technology, significantly improved the rice quality of recurrent parent, obtained some excellent combination, and provides a new way to improve the rice quality.
本研究通过对“日本晴/93-11”的重组自交系群体及其遗传图谱的构建,获得了144个株系包含125个分子标记的遗传图谱,并初步分析了部分分子标记在该遗传图谱中的偏分离状况；基于该遗传图谱的构建,通过对重组自交系群体各株系的稻米品质相关性状的检测,完成了“日本晴/93-11”的重组自交系群体稻米品质相关性状的QTL分析,在水稻5条染色体上共检测到6个与稻米蒸煮食味品质相关QTL,但各QTL的LOD值和贡献率均较小；借助其它作物在淀粉合成代谢中的研究成果,结合生物信息学研究手段,明确了水稻淀粉合成代谢网络模式及其参与的酶或同功酶,获得了参与水稻淀粉合成代谢的29个主要基因及其编码序列；根据Blast的结果,鉴定出18淀粉合成相关基因在93-11和日本晴基因组结构上的差异,并发展了以PCR技术为基础的检测标记；通过回交结合分子标记辅助选择,将日本晴的淀粉合成相关基因导入93-11,经过5次以93-11为轮回亲本的连续回交和分子标记辅助选择,形成了以93-11为背景的淀粉合成相关基因的近等基因系,以及多基因聚合的近等基因系,通过对置换系及近等基因系的稻米品质检测发现,导入日本晴的淀粉合成基因能改善93-11的稻米品质,总体上说,导入日本晴的基因越多的株系,其蒸煮食味品质也越好,如导入5个日本晴基因的株系,其品质要优于导入4个或3个日本晴基因的株系；但也有部分置换系材料的稻米品质指标却劣于93-11,这可能由于籼稻93-11中也存在一些能提高稻米品质的淀粉合成相关基因；而将之用于杂交稻的测配,则获得了如广占63S/R7275等系列优异组合。
本研究利用业已完成序列测定的93-11和日本晴的基因组信息,结合生物信息学分析手段,并利用分子标记辅助选择和回交转育技术来改良稻米品质,显著提高了轮回亲本的稻米品质和育种改良的周期,选配获得了部分优异组合,为水稻品质改良提供了一条新途径。
With the development and application of biotechnology, crop breeding had been from traditional breeding age into the era of molecular breeding. The core was to carry out the shear favorable genes and aggregation, using the markers which were linked functional genes tightly. Molecular breeding have much advantages, including identification in the early generation accurately and stably, overcoming the vulnerability of the environment as well as the difficult of multi-gene control. And these advantages were applicated in the agriculture area more and more widely.
In this study, a genetic map contained 144 lines with 125 molecular markers was obtained, which was based on the construction of recombinant inbred lines of "Nipponbare/93-11". A preliminary analysis carried out for segregation distortion of some molecular markers in the genetic map. Based on the construction of the genetic map, QTL analysis related to rice quality traits had been completed, by testing the rice quality of the various strains of recombinant inbred lines. As a result 6 QTLs had been detected distributed on the 5 chromosomes. But the LOD value of each QTL was small.29 major genes as well as their sequence had been acquired by the means of bioinformatics research tools, and the network model of rice starch biosynthesis had been mastered. According to Blast results,18 starch synthesis-related genes had clear differences in genome structure of 93-11 and Nipponbare. And some PCR markers for detection had been developed. Through backcrossing with molecular marker assisted selection(MAS), and starch synthesis-related genes of Nipponbare were transformed into 93-11, after five times with 93-11 as the recurrent parent continuous backcrossing and MAS, and formed a near-isogenic line(NIL) of starch biosynthesis related genes with the background of 93-11, as well as polymerization of multi-gene NIL, through the detection of the substitution lines and NIL of rice quality, it was found that it can improve the rice quality by transferring the Nipponbare starch synthesis genes; Generally speaking, the more of the genes imported into 93-11, the better quality of their cooking and eating. For example,the quality of the lines imported 5 genes from Nipponbare was superior to those lines which were imported 4 or 3 genes in the background of the Nipponbare; But there were also some substitution lines, whose quality was inferior to 93-11. May be there existed a number of genes from 93-11 could also improve the quality. When it is used for measuring distribution of hybrid rice, we can obtain the excellent combination just like guangzhan 63S/R7275 series.
This study improved the rice quality through the molecular marker assisted backcross technology, significantly improved the rice quality of recurrent parent, obtained some excellent combination, and provides a new way to improve the rice quality.
引文
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