ECAP变形及二次挤压对Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn合金组织与性能的影响
|
摘要
本文采用等通道角变形( ECAP)对挤压态Mg-5.25%Zn-0.6%Ca-0.3%Mn合金在250℃和300℃进行不同道次的塑性变形,并对ECAP变形后的合金在100℃和150℃进行二次挤压变形。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究挤压态、ECAP变形及二次挤压镁合金显微组织变化。采用中子衍射和背散射电子衍射(EBSD)对ECAP变形及二次挤压前后镁合金的织构演变进行了分析,并对挤压态镁合金、ECAP变形及二次挤压变形镁合金室温拉伸性能进行了测试,对其变形机理进行了分析。挤压态镁合金的初始晶粒尺寸约为4μm左右,第二相Ca2Mg6Zn3沿挤压方向呈带状分布。在ECAP变形过程中,第二相破碎弥散分布在基体合金中,同时有一些纳米尺寸的第二相析出。ECAP变形可以显著细化合金晶粒,在250℃经4道次ECAP变形后,平均晶粒尺寸细化至1.0μm,达到亚微米超细晶水平。随着ECAP变形道次的增加,合金的强度升高,室温延伸率得到了显著的提高。在300℃经4道次ECAP变形以后,合金的延伸率达到了22.7%,是原始挤压态的2倍,同时强度达到了323.2MPa,这主要是晶粒细化和ECAP变形过程中织构的变化所致。
ECAP变形之后再对合金在100℃和150℃进行二次挤压。二次挤压之后,合金晶粒进一步细化,组织更加均匀。低温下进行二次挤压可以提高合金的强度和硬度,较高温度二次挤压可以提高合金的强度和延伸率。250℃4道次ECAP变形试样进行100℃二次挤压后,合金晶粒尺寸达到0.96μm,抗拉强度达到356MPa。300℃4道次ECAP变形试样进行150℃二次挤压后,合金晶粒尺寸达到1.1μm,抗拉强度达到334.62MPa,延伸率达到了15.2%。这主要是晶粒细化、组织均匀化及二次挤压过程中织构的演变所致。
Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was performed on the as-extruded Mg-5.25wt%Zn-0.6wt%Ca-0.3wt%Mn magnesium alloy at 250℃and 300℃for different passes, with subsequent extrusion at 100℃and 150℃on the ECAPed magnesium alloy. The microstructure of the as-extruded magnesium, ECAPed ultrafine grained magnesium alloy and subsequent extruded alloy were examined by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Texture development of as-extruded magnesium alloy, ECAPed magnesium alloy and subsequent extruded alloy were investigated by neutron diffractometer and EBSD. Tensile properties at room temperature and damping behavior of magnesium alloy, ECAPed magnesium alloy and subsequent extruded alloy were investigated and mechanism was discussed.
The as-extruded magnesium alloy had an initial grain size of about 4μm, with bands of second phrase parallel to the extrusion direction. During ECAP, the second phrase were broken and dispersed in the matrix and some nano-phrase precipitated from the matrix. After the as-extruded magnesium alloy was subjected to 4-pass ECAP at 250℃, the grain size was refined to about 1.0μm. With repeating passes, the yield stress and the elongation to failure of the alloy increased. After 4-pass ECAP at 300℃, the elongation to failure reached 22.7%, which was two times of that of the as-extruded alloy, with ultimate tensile strength reaching 323.2MPa, which resulted from the grain refinement and texture modification during ECAP.
Perform subsequent extrusion at 100℃and 150℃on the ECAPed magnesium alloy. The subsequent extrusion lead to further grain refinement and more homogeneous microstructure. Subsequent extrusion at lower temperature can improve yield stress and hardness of magnesium alloy, while subsequent extrusion at higher temperature can cause a rise to the yield stress and elongation to failure. After 250℃4-pass ECAPed magnesium alloy were extruded at 100℃, grain size was refined to 0.96μm with ultimate tensile strength reaching 356MPa. After 300℃4-pass ECAPed magnesium alloy were extruded at 100℃, its grain was refined to 1.1μm with ultimate tensile strength reaching 334.62MPa, obtaining the elongation to failure of 15.2%. Grain refinement, homogeneous microstructure and texture development during subsequent extrusion gave sire to the result above.
ECAP变形之后再对合金在100℃和150℃进行二次挤压。二次挤压之后,合金晶粒进一步细化,组织更加均匀。低温下进行二次挤压可以提高合金的强度和硬度,较高温度二次挤压可以提高合金的强度和延伸率。250℃4道次ECAP变形试样进行100℃二次挤压后,合金晶粒尺寸达到0.96μm,抗拉强度达到356MPa。300℃4道次ECAP变形试样进行150℃二次挤压后,合金晶粒尺寸达到1.1μm,抗拉强度达到334.62MPa,延伸率达到了15.2%。这主要是晶粒细化、组织均匀化及二次挤压过程中织构的演变所致。
Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was performed on the as-extruded Mg-5.25wt%Zn-0.6wt%Ca-0.3wt%Mn magnesium alloy at 250℃and 300℃for different passes, with subsequent extrusion at 100℃and 150℃on the ECAPed magnesium alloy. The microstructure of the as-extruded magnesium, ECAPed ultrafine grained magnesium alloy and subsequent extruded alloy were examined by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Texture development of as-extruded magnesium alloy, ECAPed magnesium alloy and subsequent extruded alloy were investigated by neutron diffractometer and EBSD. Tensile properties at room temperature and damping behavior of magnesium alloy, ECAPed magnesium alloy and subsequent extruded alloy were investigated and mechanism was discussed.
The as-extruded magnesium alloy had an initial grain size of about 4μm, with bands of second phrase parallel to the extrusion direction. During ECAP, the second phrase were broken and dispersed in the matrix and some nano-phrase precipitated from the matrix. After the as-extruded magnesium alloy was subjected to 4-pass ECAP at 250℃, the grain size was refined to about 1.0μm. With repeating passes, the yield stress and the elongation to failure of the alloy increased. After 4-pass ECAP at 300℃, the elongation to failure reached 22.7%, which was two times of that of the as-extruded alloy, with ultimate tensile strength reaching 323.2MPa, which resulted from the grain refinement and texture modification during ECAP.
Perform subsequent extrusion at 100℃and 150℃on the ECAPed magnesium alloy. The subsequent extrusion lead to further grain refinement and more homogeneous microstructure. Subsequent extrusion at lower temperature can improve yield stress and hardness of magnesium alloy, while subsequent extrusion at higher temperature can cause a rise to the yield stress and elongation to failure. After 250℃4-pass ECAPed magnesium alloy were extruded at 100℃, grain size was refined to 0.96μm with ultimate tensile strength reaching 356MPa. After 300℃4-pass ECAPed magnesium alloy were extruded at 100℃, its grain was refined to 1.1μm with ultimate tensile strength reaching 334.62MPa, obtaining the elongation to failure of 15.2%. Grain refinement, homogeneous microstructure and texture development during subsequent extrusion gave sire to the result above.
引文
1师昌绪,李恒德,王淀佐,李依依,左铁镛.加速我国金属镁工业发展的建议.材料导报. 2001,15(4):5-6
2曾荣昌,柯伟,徐永波,韩恩厚,朱自勇.轧制组织对镁合金AM60疲劳性能的影响.金属学报. 2001,37(7):637-685
3汪之清.国外镁合金压铸技术的发展铸造.金属学报. 1997,15(8):48-50
4 V. M. Segal. Materianls processing by simple shear. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1995, A197:157-164
5 M. Furukawa, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, T. G. Langdon. Processing of equal-channel angular pressing. Mate. Sci. 2001,36:2835-2843
6吴世丁,李强,姜传斌,李广义,王中光.等通道角的发展现状.金属学报. 2000,36(6):602-607
7李伟,郑子樵,李世晨.等通道角的发展近况.材料导报.2001,15(10):25-28
8 R. Armstrong, I. Codd, R.M. Douthwaite. The plastic deformation of polycrystalline aggregates. Phil. Mag. 1962,7:45-48
9 Y. Yoshida, K. Arai, S. Itoh, S. Kamado, Y, Kojima. Superplastic deformation of AZ61 magnesium alloy having fine grains. Mater. Trans. 2004, 45(8):2537-2541
10 T. Liu, W. Zhang, S. D. Wu, C. B. Jiang, S. X. Li, Y. B. Xu. Mechanical properties of a two-phase alloy Mg–8%Li–1%Al processed by equal channel angular pressing. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2003,360:345-349
11 W. J. Kim, S. I. Hong, Y. S. Kim, S. H. Min, H. T. Jeong, J. D. Lee. Texture development and its effect on mechanical properties of an AZ61 Mg alloy fabricated by equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater. 2003,51:3293-3307
12 M. Mabuchi, K. Ameyama, H. Iwasaki, K. Higashi. Low temperature superplasticity of AZ91magnesium alloy with non-equilibrium grain boundaries. Acta Mater. 1999,47:2047-2057
13 R. Z. Valiev, R. K. Islamgaliev, I. V. Alexandrov. Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Progress in Mater. Sci.2000,45:103-189
14 Y. Koizumi, M. Ueyama, N. Tsuji, Y. Minamino, K. Ota. High damping capacity of ultra-fine grained aluminum produced by accumulative roll bonding. Alloys Comp. 2003,355:47-51
15 M. Inoue, M. Iwai, K. Matuzawa, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima. Effect of impurities on corrosion behavior of pure magnesium in salt water environment. Japan Institute of Light Metals. 1998,48(6):257-261
16 P.W. Bridgman. Studies in Large Plastic Flow and Fracture. New York : McGraw Hill, 1952
17 R.Z. Valiev, R.K. Islamgaliev, I.V. Alexandrov. Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Progress in Mater. Sci. 2000,45(2):103-108
18刘腾,张伟,吴世丁,姜传斌,李守新,徐永波.双相合金Mg-8Li-lAl的等通道转角挤压.金属学报. 2003,39(8):790-798
19 M.H. Yoo. Slip, twinning and fracture in hexagonal close-packed metals. Metall. Trans. 1981,12A:409-418
20 A. Yamashita, Z. Horita, T. G. Langdon. Improving the mechanical properties of magnesium and a magnesium alloy through severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2001, A,300:142-147
21 Y. Iwahashi, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, T. G. Langdon. An investigation of microstructural evolution during equal-channel angular pressing. Acta. Mater. 1997,45(11):4733-4741
22 S. Ando, H. Tonda. Non-basal slip in magnesium-lithium alloy single crystals. Mater Trans JIM. 2000,41(9):1188-1192
23 K. Matsubara, Y. Miyahara, Z. Horita, T. G. Langdon. Developing superplasticity in a magnesium alloy through a combination of extrusion and ECAP. Acta Mater. 2003,51:3073-3084
24 M. Mabuchi, Y. Chino, H. Iwasaki, T. Aizawa, K. Higashi. The grain size and texture dependence of tensile properties in extruded Mg-9Al-1Zn. Mater. Trans. 2001,42(7):1182-1189
25 K. Kubota, M. Mabuchi, K. Higashi. Processing and mechanical properties of fine-grained magnesium alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 1999,34:2255–2262
26 M. Mabuchi, H. Iwasaki, K. Yanase, K. Higashi. Low temperature superplasticity in an AZ91 magnesium alloy processed by ECAE. Scr. Mater.1997,36(6):681-686
27 J. Koike, T. Kobayashi, T. Mukai, H. Watanabe, M. Suzuki, K. Maruyama, K. Higashi. The activity of non-basal slip systems and dynamic recovery at room temperature in fine-grained AZ31B magnesium alloys. Acta Mater. 2003,51:2055–2065
28 T. Mukai, M. Yamanoi, K. Higashi. Processing of ductile magnesium alloy under dynamic tensile loading. Mater. Trans. 2001,42(12):2652-2654
29 L. Cisar, Y. Yoshida, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima, F. Watanabe. Microstructures and tensile properties of ECAE-processed and forged AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Trans. 2003,44(4):476-483
30 Y. Yoshida, L. Cisar, S. Kamado, Y Kojima. Low temperature superplasticity of ECAE processed Mg-10%Li-1%Zn Alloy. Mater. Trans. 2002,43(10):2419-2423
31 Y. Yoshida, L. Cisar, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima. Effect of microstructural factors on tensile properties of an ECAE-processed AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Trans. 2003,44(4):468-475
32 S. R. Agnew, J. A. Horton, T. M. Lillo, D. W. Brown. Enhanced ductility in strongly textured magnesium produced by equal channel angular processing. Scr. Mater. 2004,50:377-381
33 W. J. Kim, S. I. Hong, Y. S. Kim, S. H. Min, H. T. Jeong, J. D. Lee. Texture development and its effect on mechanical properties of an AZ61 Mg alloy fabricated by equal channel angular pressing. Acta Mater. 2003,51:3293–3307
34 W. J. Kim, C. W. An, Y. S. Kim, S. I. Hong. Mechanical properties and microstructures of an AZ61 Mg Alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing. Scr. Mater. 2002,47:39-44
35 H. Watanabe, T. Mukai, K. Ishikawa, K. Higashi. Low temperature superplasticity of a fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by equal-channel-angular extrusion. Scri. Mater. 2002,46:851-856
36 A. Galiyev, R. Kaibyshev, G. Gottstein. Correlation of plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization in magnesium alloy ZK60. Acta. Mater. 2001,49(7):1199-1207
37丁文江.镁合金科学与技术. 2007.135
38吴国华,丁文江.镁合金精炼剂及生产方法. CNPatCN01142611.X. 2002-08-14
39姚素娟,褚丙武,周远富.一种耐热镁合金用熔剂. CN200610109367.2. 2007-01-31
40吴国华,卢晨,翟春泉. MnCl2对镁合金废旧料组织性能的影响.铸造. 2003,52(12):1166
41吴国华,邹宏辉,翟春泉. TiO2对镁合金废旧料组织性能的影响.铸造. 2003,52(3):167
42贾鑫,刘建睿,沈淑娟.氟钛酸钾在镁熔炼中的除铁作用.铸造技术. 2006,27(5):474
43 Gao Hongtao, et al. Study on Fe reduction in AZ91 melt by B2O3. Mater Sci Eng A, 2004,368:311
44高洪涛,吴国华,丁文江. Na2B4O7对镁合金旧料组织和性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金. 2005,25(2):65
45高洪涛,吴国华,丁文江.硼化物对镁合金净化效果影响的研究.铸造技术. 2004,25(9):667
46李宏伟.电解镁降铁措施的探讨.有色矿冶. 1999,(2):22
47吴国华,丁文江,曾小勤.镁合金锆化合物除硅熔剂及其生产方. CN03141550.4.2004-02-25
48 T. Watanabe. Study on degassing treatment for molten magnesium. LightMetals. 1976,(26):266
49 J.P. Thomson et al. Effect of C2Cl6 on mechanical properties and microstructure of gravity permanent mold cast AZ91E. AFS Trans. 2004,(112):995
50 D. Emadi, J. P. Thomson, K. Sadayappan, et al. Effects of grain refinement and melt filtration on the mechanical properties of sand and permanent mold cast magnesium AZ91 alloy In: Neelameggham N R, Kaplan H I, Powell BR. Magnesium technology 2005. Theminerals, Metals and materials society. 2005,335
51 Housh S E, Petrovich V. Magnesium refining: a fluxless alternative. Soc Auto Eng. 1992:24
52 W. J. Kim, C. W. An, Y. S. Kim, S. I. Hong. Mechanical properties and microstructures of an AZ61 Mg Alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing. Scripta. Mater. 2002,47:39~44
53 V. N. Chuvil’deev, T. G. Nieh, M. Yu. Gryaznov, A. N. Sysoev, V. I. Kopylow. Low temperature superplasticity and internal friction in microcrystalline Mg allays processed by ECAP. Scripta. Mater. 2004,50:861~865
54余昆,黎文献,李松瑞.变形镁合金的研究进展.轻合金加工技术. 2001,29(7):6
55范才河,陈刚,严红革.稀土在镁及镁合金中的作用.材料导报. 2005,19(7):61
56郭旭涛,李培杰,熊玉华.稀土在铝、镁合金中的应用.材料工程. 2004,(8):60
57吴国华,翟春泉,卢晨等.镁合金稀土化合物熔剂及其生产方法. CN03128916.9. 2003-12-10
58高洪涛,吴国华,丁文江. Na2B4O7对镁合金旧料组织和性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金. 2005,25(2):65
59 Segal. Materials processing by simple shear. Mater Sci. Eng. A. 1995,197:157-164
60徐淑波,赵国群.等通道弯角挤压变形机理模拟与工艺参数优化.塑性工程学报. 2004,11:23-26
61付尔聪.铜材连续等通道角挤压的研究.大连交通大学学报. 2006.1:
62成畅.高道次ECAP纯铜组织转变与性能研究.
63 Bin Chen, Dong-Liang Lin, Li Jin, Xiao-Qin Zeng, Chen Lu. Equal channel angular pressing of magnesium alloy AZ91 and its effects on microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. A . 2008,483-484:113-116
64 K.T. Park, D.Y. Hwang, Y.K. Lee, Y.K. Kim, D.H. Shin. High strain rate superplasticity of submicrometer grained 5083 Al alloy containing scandium fabricated by severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2003,34:273-281
65 S.M. Masoudpanah, R. Mahmudi. The microstructure, tensile, shear deformation behavior of an AZ31 magnesium alloy after extrusion and equal channel angular pressing. Mater. and design. 2010,31:3512-3517
66 Yu Yoshida, Lawrence Cisar, Shigeharu Kamado, Texture development of AZ31 magnesium alloy during ECAE processing. Mater. Sci. Forum. 2003,419-422:533-538
67 Koike. J. Kobayashi T, Mukai T, Watnabe H, The activity of non-basal slip systems and dynamic recovery at room temperature in fine-grained AZ31B magnesium alloys. Acta. Mater. 2003,51:2055
68 L.B. Tong, M.Y. Zheng, H. Chang, X.S. Hu, K. Wu, S.W. Xu, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing. Mater.Sci. Eng. A. 2009,523:289-294
69 W.J. Kim, Y.K. Sa. Micro-extrusion of ECAP processed magnesium alloy for production of high strength magnesium micro-gears. Scripta Materialia. 2006,54:1391-1395
2曾荣昌,柯伟,徐永波,韩恩厚,朱自勇.轧制组织对镁合金AM60疲劳性能的影响.金属学报. 2001,37(7):637-685
3汪之清.国外镁合金压铸技术的发展铸造.金属学报. 1997,15(8):48-50
4 V. M. Segal. Materianls processing by simple shear. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1995, A197:157-164
5 M. Furukawa, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, T. G. Langdon. Processing of equal-channel angular pressing. Mate. Sci. 2001,36:2835-2843
6吴世丁,李强,姜传斌,李广义,王中光.等通道角的发展现状.金属学报. 2000,36(6):602-607
7李伟,郑子樵,李世晨.等通道角的发展近况.材料导报.2001,15(10):25-28
8 R. Armstrong, I. Codd, R.M. Douthwaite. The plastic deformation of polycrystalline aggregates. Phil. Mag. 1962,7:45-48
9 Y. Yoshida, K. Arai, S. Itoh, S. Kamado, Y, Kojima. Superplastic deformation of AZ61 magnesium alloy having fine grains. Mater. Trans. 2004, 45(8):2537-2541
10 T. Liu, W. Zhang, S. D. Wu, C. B. Jiang, S. X. Li, Y. B. Xu. Mechanical properties of a two-phase alloy Mg–8%Li–1%Al processed by equal channel angular pressing. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2003,360:345-349
11 W. J. Kim, S. I. Hong, Y. S. Kim, S. H. Min, H. T. Jeong, J. D. Lee. Texture development and its effect on mechanical properties of an AZ61 Mg alloy fabricated by equal channel angular pressing, Acta Mater. 2003,51:3293-3307
12 M. Mabuchi, K. Ameyama, H. Iwasaki, K. Higashi. Low temperature superplasticity of AZ91magnesium alloy with non-equilibrium grain boundaries. Acta Mater. 1999,47:2047-2057
13 R. Z. Valiev, R. K. Islamgaliev, I. V. Alexandrov. Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Progress in Mater. Sci.2000,45:103-189
14 Y. Koizumi, M. Ueyama, N. Tsuji, Y. Minamino, K. Ota. High damping capacity of ultra-fine grained aluminum produced by accumulative roll bonding. Alloys Comp. 2003,355:47-51
15 M. Inoue, M. Iwai, K. Matuzawa, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima. Effect of impurities on corrosion behavior of pure magnesium in salt water environment. Japan Institute of Light Metals. 1998,48(6):257-261
16 P.W. Bridgman. Studies in Large Plastic Flow and Fracture. New York : McGraw Hill, 1952
17 R.Z. Valiev, R.K. Islamgaliev, I.V. Alexandrov. Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Progress in Mater. Sci. 2000,45(2):103-108
18刘腾,张伟,吴世丁,姜传斌,李守新,徐永波.双相合金Mg-8Li-lAl的等通道转角挤压.金属学报. 2003,39(8):790-798
19 M.H. Yoo. Slip, twinning and fracture in hexagonal close-packed metals. Metall. Trans. 1981,12A:409-418
20 A. Yamashita, Z. Horita, T. G. Langdon. Improving the mechanical properties of magnesium and a magnesium alloy through severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2001, A,300:142-147
21 Y. Iwahashi, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, T. G. Langdon. An investigation of microstructural evolution during equal-channel angular pressing. Acta. Mater. 1997,45(11):4733-4741
22 S. Ando, H. Tonda. Non-basal slip in magnesium-lithium alloy single crystals. Mater Trans JIM. 2000,41(9):1188-1192
23 K. Matsubara, Y. Miyahara, Z. Horita, T. G. Langdon. Developing superplasticity in a magnesium alloy through a combination of extrusion and ECAP. Acta Mater. 2003,51:3073-3084
24 M. Mabuchi, Y. Chino, H. Iwasaki, T. Aizawa, K. Higashi. The grain size and texture dependence of tensile properties in extruded Mg-9Al-1Zn. Mater. Trans. 2001,42(7):1182-1189
25 K. Kubota, M. Mabuchi, K. Higashi. Processing and mechanical properties of fine-grained magnesium alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 1999,34:2255–2262
26 M. Mabuchi, H. Iwasaki, K. Yanase, K. Higashi. Low temperature superplasticity in an AZ91 magnesium alloy processed by ECAE. Scr. Mater.1997,36(6):681-686
27 J. Koike, T. Kobayashi, T. Mukai, H. Watanabe, M. Suzuki, K. Maruyama, K. Higashi. The activity of non-basal slip systems and dynamic recovery at room temperature in fine-grained AZ31B magnesium alloys. Acta Mater. 2003,51:2055–2065
28 T. Mukai, M. Yamanoi, K. Higashi. Processing of ductile magnesium alloy under dynamic tensile loading. Mater. Trans. 2001,42(12):2652-2654
29 L. Cisar, Y. Yoshida, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima, F. Watanabe. Microstructures and tensile properties of ECAE-processed and forged AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Trans. 2003,44(4):476-483
30 Y. Yoshida, L. Cisar, S. Kamado, Y Kojima. Low temperature superplasticity of ECAE processed Mg-10%Li-1%Zn Alloy. Mater. Trans. 2002,43(10):2419-2423
31 Y. Yoshida, L. Cisar, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima. Effect of microstructural factors on tensile properties of an ECAE-processed AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Trans. 2003,44(4):468-475
32 S. R. Agnew, J. A. Horton, T. M. Lillo, D. W. Brown. Enhanced ductility in strongly textured magnesium produced by equal channel angular processing. Scr. Mater. 2004,50:377-381
33 W. J. Kim, S. I. Hong, Y. S. Kim, S. H. Min, H. T. Jeong, J. D. Lee. Texture development and its effect on mechanical properties of an AZ61 Mg alloy fabricated by equal channel angular pressing. Acta Mater. 2003,51:3293–3307
34 W. J. Kim, C. W. An, Y. S. Kim, S. I. Hong. Mechanical properties and microstructures of an AZ61 Mg Alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing. Scr. Mater. 2002,47:39-44
35 H. Watanabe, T. Mukai, K. Ishikawa, K. Higashi. Low temperature superplasticity of a fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by equal-channel-angular extrusion. Scri. Mater. 2002,46:851-856
36 A. Galiyev, R. Kaibyshev, G. Gottstein. Correlation of plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization in magnesium alloy ZK60. Acta. Mater. 2001,49(7):1199-1207
37丁文江.镁合金科学与技术. 2007.135
38吴国华,丁文江.镁合金精炼剂及生产方法. CNPatCN01142611.X. 2002-08-14
39姚素娟,褚丙武,周远富.一种耐热镁合金用熔剂. CN200610109367.2. 2007-01-31
40吴国华,卢晨,翟春泉. MnCl2对镁合金废旧料组织性能的影响.铸造. 2003,52(12):1166
41吴国华,邹宏辉,翟春泉. TiO2对镁合金废旧料组织性能的影响.铸造. 2003,52(3):167
42贾鑫,刘建睿,沈淑娟.氟钛酸钾在镁熔炼中的除铁作用.铸造技术. 2006,27(5):474
43 Gao Hongtao, et al. Study on Fe reduction in AZ91 melt by B2O3. Mater Sci Eng A, 2004,368:311
44高洪涛,吴国华,丁文江. Na2B4O7对镁合金旧料组织和性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金. 2005,25(2):65
45高洪涛,吴国华,丁文江.硼化物对镁合金净化效果影响的研究.铸造技术. 2004,25(9):667
46李宏伟.电解镁降铁措施的探讨.有色矿冶. 1999,(2):22
47吴国华,丁文江,曾小勤.镁合金锆化合物除硅熔剂及其生产方. CN03141550.4.2004-02-25
48 T. Watanabe. Study on degassing treatment for molten magnesium. LightMetals. 1976,(26):266
49 J.P. Thomson et al. Effect of C2Cl6 on mechanical properties and microstructure of gravity permanent mold cast AZ91E. AFS Trans. 2004,(112):995
50 D. Emadi, J. P. Thomson, K. Sadayappan, et al. Effects of grain refinement and melt filtration on the mechanical properties of sand and permanent mold cast magnesium AZ91 alloy In: Neelameggham N R, Kaplan H I, Powell BR. Magnesium technology 2005. Theminerals, Metals and materials society. 2005,335
51 Housh S E, Petrovich V. Magnesium refining: a fluxless alternative. Soc Auto Eng. 1992:24
52 W. J. Kim, C. W. An, Y. S. Kim, S. I. Hong. Mechanical properties and microstructures of an AZ61 Mg Alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing. Scripta. Mater. 2002,47:39~44
53 V. N. Chuvil’deev, T. G. Nieh, M. Yu. Gryaznov, A. N. Sysoev, V. I. Kopylow. Low temperature superplasticity and internal friction in microcrystalline Mg allays processed by ECAP. Scripta. Mater. 2004,50:861~865
54余昆,黎文献,李松瑞.变形镁合金的研究进展.轻合金加工技术. 2001,29(7):6
55范才河,陈刚,严红革.稀土在镁及镁合金中的作用.材料导报. 2005,19(7):61
56郭旭涛,李培杰,熊玉华.稀土在铝、镁合金中的应用.材料工程. 2004,(8):60
57吴国华,翟春泉,卢晨等.镁合金稀土化合物熔剂及其生产方法. CN03128916.9. 2003-12-10
58高洪涛,吴国华,丁文江. Na2B4O7对镁合金旧料组织和性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金. 2005,25(2):65
59 Segal. Materials processing by simple shear. Mater Sci. Eng. A. 1995,197:157-164
60徐淑波,赵国群.等通道弯角挤压变形机理模拟与工艺参数优化.塑性工程学报. 2004,11:23-26
61付尔聪.铜材连续等通道角挤压的研究.大连交通大学学报. 2006.1:
62成畅.高道次ECAP纯铜组织转变与性能研究.
63 Bin Chen, Dong-Liang Lin, Li Jin, Xiao-Qin Zeng, Chen Lu. Equal channel angular pressing of magnesium alloy AZ91 and its effects on microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. A . 2008,483-484:113-116
64 K.T. Park, D.Y. Hwang, Y.K. Lee, Y.K. Kim, D.H. Shin. High strain rate superplasticity of submicrometer grained 5083 Al alloy containing scandium fabricated by severe plastic deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2003,34:273-281
65 S.M. Masoudpanah, R. Mahmudi. The microstructure, tensile, shear deformation behavior of an AZ31 magnesium alloy after extrusion and equal channel angular pressing. Mater. and design. 2010,31:3512-3517
66 Yu Yoshida, Lawrence Cisar, Shigeharu Kamado, Texture development of AZ31 magnesium alloy during ECAE processing. Mater. Sci. Forum. 2003,419-422:533-538
67 Koike. J. Kobayashi T, Mukai T, Watnabe H, The activity of non-basal slip systems and dynamic recovery at room temperature in fine-grained AZ31B magnesium alloys. Acta. Mater. 2003,51:2055
68 L.B. Tong, M.Y. Zheng, H. Chang, X.S. Hu, K. Wu, S.W. Xu, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing. Mater.Sci. Eng. A. 2009,523:289-294
69 W.J. Kim, Y.K. Sa. Micro-extrusion of ECAP processed magnesium alloy for production of high strength magnesium micro-gears. Scripta Materialia. 2006,54:1391-1395