宜万铁路五爪观暗河段综合施工技术研究
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摘要
为满足国民经济发展需要,铁路提速全面展开,铁路选线穿越不良地质地段不可回避,尤其在喀斯特地区遭遇岩溶、暗河更为常见。岩溶处理在喀斯特地区工程建设中已得到广泛应用,目前地下工程施工过程中,国内外常用的暗河处理常规办法为引排、堵填、跨越、绕避。宜万铁路五爪观隧道由于受线路控制,受特殊的水环境制约,常规处理办法无法满足工程需要。隧道必须从暗河内穿过,同时施工和运营期间不得破坏原地下水系。
“五爪观暗河处理综合技术”是经过现场试验、现场施工到最终检测这一全过程系统研究后形成的,在施工、设计以及各方专家的共同帮助下,取得如下成果:
⑴充分研究暗河大厅工程地质条件,采用双液浆注浆截流,降低大厅内岩堆体动水水流梯度。钻孔采用前进式钻孔,注浆采用多泵一孔联合注浆,前进式重复注浆以消抵流水冲刷,减少浆液流失并达到注浆封堵的效果;
⑵暗河注浆堵水区域采用物探与钻孔检测相结合评价注浆堵水效果,为暗河后续处理提供了理论依据;
⑶下穿暗河段隧道掘进施工前,于隧道开挖轮廓两侧采用φ108钢管桩注浆进行加固,防止隧道开挖过程中发生侧移坍塌;
⑷采用钢管桩注浆加固隧道基底,合理的施工工艺有效地控制下穿暗河段隧道结构的沉降,确保结构安全和运营安全;
⑸采用监控量测系统是保证下穿暗河段隧道各项变形满足设计要求的重要手段;
⑹成功的解决了五爪观隧道直接下穿特大型暗河的施工难题,而且为同类地质条件下地下工程施工提供了新的思路,维持原有地下水循环系统,避免影响五爪观风景区环境,确保五爪观水力发电站的正常运营。
To satisfy the needs of national economic development, railway speed has been increased in full swing. Railway line through adverse geological site can not be avoided, especially through karst and Underground Rivers in Karst regions. Karst treatment in karst areas has been widely used in project constructions. In the current underground construction process, draining, grouting, span and circling around are the commonly used methods at home and abroad to deal with underground rivers. As for Wuzhaoguan tunnel in Yiwan, because of the limitation of railway line as well as the special constraints of water environment, the conventional approach is unable to meet the need of engineering. The tunnel must pass through the underground river at the same time during the construction and operation the groundwater systems shall not be damaged.
“Integrated technology of dealing with Wuzhaoguan Underground River "was a result of researching on the whole process of field testing, on-site construction and the end examination. With the assistance of experts from all the parties, we obtained the following results:
⑴Engineering geological conditions of the underground river hall must be fully studied. Double-grouting closure, lowing hydrodynamic flow gradient in the hall, forward-drilling approach and multi-joint grouting are performed. Forwarding duplication grouting can offset water erosion, reduce the wastage of slurry and at the same time achieve the effect of grouting;
⑵Object detection and drilling examination are used to evaluate the grouting effect in the underground river water shutoff regional, which and provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up treatment of underground river;
⑶Before the construction on the tunnel boring under-through the underground water, on both sides of the contourφ108 steel pipe grouting is applied for reinforcement so that to prevent the collapse during the excavation of the tunnel.
⑷Steel pipe grouting is applied to reinforce the tunnel basement. a reasonable construction technology control effectively the settlement of the tunnel structure of the tunnel boring under-through the underground water and can ensure constructing and operating safely;
⑸Monitoring and Measurement system is a guarantee for the deformation of tunnel boring under-through the underground water meeting the design requirements;
⑹The construction trouble of going directly under-through the large underground river for the Wuzhaoguan tunnel is successfully solved, which also provides a new approach for the construction in the similar geological conditions. At the same time we also successfully remain the groundwater circulation system, avoid affecting scenic environment of Wuzhaoguan and ensure the normal operation of water power stations in Wuzhaoguan.
“五爪观暗河处理综合技术”是经过现场试验、现场施工到最终检测这一全过程系统研究后形成的,在施工、设计以及各方专家的共同帮助下,取得如下成果:
⑴充分研究暗河大厅工程地质条件,采用双液浆注浆截流,降低大厅内岩堆体动水水流梯度。钻孔采用前进式钻孔,注浆采用多泵一孔联合注浆,前进式重复注浆以消抵流水冲刷,减少浆液流失并达到注浆封堵的效果;
⑵暗河注浆堵水区域采用物探与钻孔检测相结合评价注浆堵水效果,为暗河后续处理提供了理论依据;
⑶下穿暗河段隧道掘进施工前,于隧道开挖轮廓两侧采用φ108钢管桩注浆进行加固,防止隧道开挖过程中发生侧移坍塌;
⑷采用钢管桩注浆加固隧道基底,合理的施工工艺有效地控制下穿暗河段隧道结构的沉降,确保结构安全和运营安全;
⑸采用监控量测系统是保证下穿暗河段隧道各项变形满足设计要求的重要手段;
⑹成功的解决了五爪观隧道直接下穿特大型暗河的施工难题,而且为同类地质条件下地下工程施工提供了新的思路,维持原有地下水循环系统,避免影响五爪观风景区环境,确保五爪观水力发电站的正常运营。
To satisfy the needs of national economic development, railway speed has been increased in full swing. Railway line through adverse geological site can not be avoided, especially through karst and Underground Rivers in Karst regions. Karst treatment in karst areas has been widely used in project constructions. In the current underground construction process, draining, grouting, span and circling around are the commonly used methods at home and abroad to deal with underground rivers. As for Wuzhaoguan tunnel in Yiwan, because of the limitation of railway line as well as the special constraints of water environment, the conventional approach is unable to meet the need of engineering. The tunnel must pass through the underground river at the same time during the construction and operation the groundwater systems shall not be damaged.
“Integrated technology of dealing with Wuzhaoguan Underground River "was a result of researching on the whole process of field testing, on-site construction and the end examination. With the assistance of experts from all the parties, we obtained the following results:
⑴Engineering geological conditions of the underground river hall must be fully studied. Double-grouting closure, lowing hydrodynamic flow gradient in the hall, forward-drilling approach and multi-joint grouting are performed. Forwarding duplication grouting can offset water erosion, reduce the wastage of slurry and at the same time achieve the effect of grouting;
⑵Object detection and drilling examination are used to evaluate the grouting effect in the underground river water shutoff regional, which and provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up treatment of underground river;
⑶Before the construction on the tunnel boring under-through the underground water, on both sides of the contourφ108 steel pipe grouting is applied for reinforcement so that to prevent the collapse during the excavation of the tunnel.
⑷Steel pipe grouting is applied to reinforce the tunnel basement. a reasonable construction technology control effectively the settlement of the tunnel structure of the tunnel boring under-through the underground water and can ensure constructing and operating safely;
⑸Monitoring and Measurement system is a guarantee for the deformation of tunnel boring under-through the underground water meeting the design requirements;
⑹The construction trouble of going directly under-through the large underground river for the Wuzhaoguan tunnel is successfully solved, which also provides a new approach for the construction in the similar geological conditions. At the same time we also successfully remain the groundwater circulation system, avoid affecting scenic environment of Wuzhaoguan and ensure the normal operation of water power stations in Wuzhaoguan.
引文
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[32]易勇进,杨翔.圆梁山隧道桐麻岭背斜DK361+764岩溶管道涌突水灾害与整治方案比选[J].科学技术通讯,2003 (6):1- 8.
[33]王科,蒋良文,许模,徐则民,黄润秋,屈科.圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段岩溶洞穴的发育深度探讨[J].成都理土学院学报, 2001 (2) .
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[35]陈成宗,何发亮.大瑶山隧道九号断层的特性与土程对策[J].岩石力学与土程学报,1992
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[37]邓居智,莫撼,刘庆成.探地雷达在岩溶探测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2001 (6).
[38] Randal COrndofff,George E. Harlovw,hydrogeologic framev work of the northern Shenandoah valley carbonate aquifer system, us geological survey karst interest group proceedings,Shepherdstov}n,vest Virginia, August,20一22,2002.
[39] Michael zhiqiang yang, efic c. drummunicipal landfills in karst,Engineering stability evaluation for the siting of geology,65 (2002):185-195.
[40] Lawrence E. Spangler, use of dye tracing to determine conduit flow pathe within source-protection areas of a karst spring and wells in the Bear river range,northern Ltah,us geological survey karst interest group proceedings,Shepherdstown, vest Virginia, August 20-22 2002.
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[2]黄金伟.隧道特大涌水的治理[J].山西建筑,2007,4.
[3]李治国.隧道岩溶处理技术[J].铁道工程学报,2002 (4) :61-67.
[4]常利武,许徐艳杰,王全胜.长大隧道工程防治水技术.河南理工大学学报,2006,12.
[5]周志彰.大江江底穿越隧道工程的设计与施工[J]西部探矿工程,2001,73 (6) :5-7.
[6]黄成光.隧道放排水设计及渗漏水病害的防治[J].云南交通科技,2001,17 (2) 60-62.
[7]刘宝权,周岁纪.山岭隧道治水方法的探讨[J].铁道标准设计, 1998,23.
[8]刘志刚.隧道地震勘探(TSP)在工程中的应用[J].铁道建筑技术,2001,05:5-7
[9]谢玉山,徐力平,蔡道赐,叶慈豪.坪林隧道施工地质探查技术之应用[J].现代隧道技术,2001,02:43-48.
[10]李忠.TSP-202系统在新课纳隧道地质超前预报中的应用研究[J].地质与勘探,2002,01:89-92.
[11]姜德义李付胜,任松.高频地震反射法在大坪隧道施工中的应用[J].现代隧道技术.2007.12
[12]矿辉,谭毓浚.地表深孔预注浆加固断层破碎带[J]铁道建筑, 1999,38(3).
[13]陈建峰.隧道施工地质超前预报技术比较[J].地下空间,2003,23.
[14]黄润秋,王贤能,陈龙生.深埋隧道涌水过程的水力劈裂作用分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2000,19(5): 573-576.
[15]杨保安,张红军.华鉴山隧道西段泄水洞工程及其对治理隧道暴雨涌突水的作用[J].世界隧道,1999, (5):24.
[16]王建秀.大型地下工程岩溶涌突水模式的水文地质分析及其工程应用[J].水文地质工程地质, 2001,4:49-52.
[17]黄润秋,王贤能,唐胜传等.深埋长隧道工程开挖的主要地质灾害问题研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997.Vo1,8(1):50-68.
[18]闰天俊,吴立.现代隧道施工中的常见地质灾害问题及防治[J].探矿工程, 2003. Vo1.4: 62-64.
[19]陈剑平,卢波,王良奎等.复杂不稳定块体的自动搜索及其失稳方式判断[J].岩石力学与工程学,2002. Vo1.22.
[20] Goodman RE, Shi.G.H.Block.theory.and its application to rock mechanics. Cliffs: Prentice-Ha11. 1984.46-123.
[21] DowdingCH, AnderssonCA. Potential for rock bursting and dabbing in deep Engineering Geology[J]. 1986. Vo1.22: 265-279.
[22]王思敬,杨志法,刘竹华.地下工程岩体稳定性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1984
[23]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].水利水电出版社,1990
[24]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2003
[25]徐干成,白洪才,郑颍人,刘朝.地下工程支护结构.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[26]何发量,李苍松,陈成宗.岩溶地区长大隧道涌水灾害预测预报技术.水文地质土程地质,2001 (5) .
[27]张全生.应用浅层地震技术勘察岩溶及溶洞[J].中国煤田地质,2001 (2) .
[28]段贵安,张勇.华鉴山隧道涌突水、涌泥、涌砂原因分析与综合整治措施[J].铁道建筑技术,2001 (1) :36一39.
[29]刘益勇,邓荣富,左座喜.歌乐山隧道帷幕注浆堵水施土技术[J].铁道标准设,2003 (3):27-29.
[30]张民庆.高压动水砂层溶洞地质注浆加固施土技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2003 (2) 11-14.
[31]刘招伟,张民庆.隧道深埋充填型溶洞注浆施土技术探讨.隧道建设,2003 (5) 48-51.
[32]易勇进,杨翔.圆梁山隧道桐麻岭背斜DK361+764岩溶管道涌突水灾害与整治方案比选[J].科学技术通讯,2003 (6):1- 8.
[33]王科,蒋良文,许模,徐则民,黄润秋,屈科.圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段岩溶洞穴的发育深度探讨[J].成都理土学院学报, 2001 (2) .
[34]吴治生,付伯森.南岭隧道突发性涌泥介绍及成因分析[J].铁道土程学报, 1989 (2).
[35]陈成宗,何发亮.大瑶山隧道九号断层的特性与土程对策[J].岩石力学与土程学报,1992
[36]余波.深埋隧道中的岩溶土程地质问题及地基处理[J].岩石力学与土程学报,2001 (3).
[37]邓居智,莫撼,刘庆成.探地雷达在岩溶探测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2001 (6).
[38] Randal COrndofff,George E. Harlovw,hydrogeologic framev work of the northern Shenandoah valley carbonate aquifer system, us geological survey karst interest group proceedings,Shepherdstov}n,vest Virginia, August,20一22,2002.
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