基于人机工程学的竞速轮椅研究
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摘要
残疾人体育运动是一种特殊的体育运动,至今已有50多年的历史了。它的主要目的不仅仅是为了比赛,更重要的是通过体育运动把残疾人从病房和家庭中解放出来,走向社会,享受与健全人同等的待遇。随着社会的文明与进步,已经有越来越多的残疾人参与各种体育比赛,给体育运动的意义与美赋予了新的价值,使他们能像正常人一样享受生活的乐趣。
轮椅运动是肢残人士从事的体育活动,对参加体育活动和体育比赛的许多运动员来说,轮椅是必不可缺的辅助工具。轮椅竞速运动是起源最早的一项残疾人体育项目,我国残疾人占世界残疾人总数的六分之一,其中肢残人士755万人。目前国产竞速轮椅大多笨重落后,对于大型的国内外体育赛事,我国的残疾人运动员仍然采用进口轮椅,不仅成本高,而且不适合中国人体型的需求。因此,设计出高质量、高性能的竞速轮椅,让我国的残疾人运动员使用国产的竞速轮椅参加国际比赛并创佳绩,是一项具有重大现实意义的任务。
本文首先对现有的国产竞速轮椅进行了深入的现场调研,分析了它的材料和结构。基于中国人的体型特点,运用人机工程学原理设计出一款专供体育比赛使用的轻便灵活的竞速轮椅和一款专供锻炼身体使用的舒适美观的竞速轮椅;对两款竞速轮椅进行了有限元计算分析;在CATIA软件的人机工程模块下建立了竞速轮椅的三维中国人体模型,对两款竞速轮椅分别进行了人机工程评价;最后应用虚拟样机技术,建立了竞速轮椅的仿真模型,进行了动力学仿真,并分析了它的稳定性和平顺性。
希望通过我们的努力,国内也能生产出具有良好的稳定性和灵活性,性能优良和坐姿舒适的的竞速轮椅,提高我国残疾人的体育比赛成绩和参加体育娱乐活动的信心,为我国的残疾人体育运动事业做出一点贡献。
Disabled sport is a special sport,and it has been more than 50 years of history so far.Its main purpose is not only to competition, what is more important is liberating the disableds from the wards and families through sports, towarding society and enjoying the same treatment as healthy people. With the social civilization and progress, there has been an increasing number disableds who take part in various sports competitions.It gives a new value to the significance and aesthetics of sport. Disableds can enjoy the joys of life like normal people.
Wheelchair campaign is sports activities which disableds are engaged in.Wheelchairs are indispensable aids for many athletes who participate in sports activities and sports competitions. Wheelchair racing is the earliest movement of disabled sports . Disableds of China in the world's total disableds is around 1/6,and 7.55 million people are physical disabilities. Most of the current domestic racing wheelchairs are bulky and obsolete. In large domestic and international sports events, China's disabled athletes still use wheelchairs from abroad. It is not only high costs but also not suitable for the needs of Chinese human body. Therefore, designing high-quality, high-performance racing wheelchairs is tasks with major practical significance.It enable China's disabled athletes to create success in domestic and international competitions through using domestic wheelchair.
In this paper, we conducted in-depth field research for the existing domestic racing wheelchairs,and analysised their material and structure. Based on the characteristics of the Chinese people's physique,and applying ergonomics principle, we designed a light and flexible racing wheelchair which is used exclusively for sports competitions,and a comfortable and aesthetic racing wheelchair which is used exclusively for physical exercise. We conducted the finite element analysis and calculation for the two racing wheelchairs.We established a racing wheelchair’s 3D model of Chinese human body in the CATIA software’s ergonomics module,and conducted a ergonomic evaluation respectively for the two racing wheelchairs. Finally, applying virtual prototyping technology ,we have set up a simulation model of racing wheelchair, conducted a dynamic simulation and carefully analysis its stability and the smoothly.
We hope that through our efforts domestic can also produce a racing wheelchair with good stability, flexibility,excellent performance and comfortable sitting, and enhance China's disabled sports results and the confidence to participate in sports entertainment.We hope that we can make some contribution for the cause of disabled sports in China.
轮椅运动是肢残人士从事的体育活动,对参加体育活动和体育比赛的许多运动员来说,轮椅是必不可缺的辅助工具。轮椅竞速运动是起源最早的一项残疾人体育项目,我国残疾人占世界残疾人总数的六分之一,其中肢残人士755万人。目前国产竞速轮椅大多笨重落后,对于大型的国内外体育赛事,我国的残疾人运动员仍然采用进口轮椅,不仅成本高,而且不适合中国人体型的需求。因此,设计出高质量、高性能的竞速轮椅,让我国的残疾人运动员使用国产的竞速轮椅参加国际比赛并创佳绩,是一项具有重大现实意义的任务。
本文首先对现有的国产竞速轮椅进行了深入的现场调研,分析了它的材料和结构。基于中国人的体型特点,运用人机工程学原理设计出一款专供体育比赛使用的轻便灵活的竞速轮椅和一款专供锻炼身体使用的舒适美观的竞速轮椅;对两款竞速轮椅进行了有限元计算分析;在CATIA软件的人机工程模块下建立了竞速轮椅的三维中国人体模型,对两款竞速轮椅分别进行了人机工程评价;最后应用虚拟样机技术,建立了竞速轮椅的仿真模型,进行了动力学仿真,并分析了它的稳定性和平顺性。
希望通过我们的努力,国内也能生产出具有良好的稳定性和灵活性,性能优良和坐姿舒适的的竞速轮椅,提高我国残疾人的体育比赛成绩和参加体育娱乐活动的信心,为我国的残疾人体育运动事业做出一点贡献。
Disabled sport is a special sport,and it has been more than 50 years of history so far.Its main purpose is not only to competition, what is more important is liberating the disableds from the wards and families through sports, towarding society and enjoying the same treatment as healthy people. With the social civilization and progress, there has been an increasing number disableds who take part in various sports competitions.It gives a new value to the significance and aesthetics of sport. Disableds can enjoy the joys of life like normal people.
Wheelchair campaign is sports activities which disableds are engaged in.Wheelchairs are indispensable aids for many athletes who participate in sports activities and sports competitions. Wheelchair racing is the earliest movement of disabled sports . Disableds of China in the world's total disableds is around 1/6,and 7.55 million people are physical disabilities. Most of the current domestic racing wheelchairs are bulky and obsolete. In large domestic and international sports events, China's disabled athletes still use wheelchairs from abroad. It is not only high costs but also not suitable for the needs of Chinese human body. Therefore, designing high-quality, high-performance racing wheelchairs is tasks with major practical significance.It enable China's disabled athletes to create success in domestic and international competitions through using domestic wheelchair.
In this paper, we conducted in-depth field research for the existing domestic racing wheelchairs,and analysised their material and structure. Based on the characteristics of the Chinese people's physique,and applying ergonomics principle, we designed a light and flexible racing wheelchair which is used exclusively for sports competitions,and a comfortable and aesthetic racing wheelchair which is used exclusively for physical exercise. We conducted the finite element analysis and calculation for the two racing wheelchairs.We established a racing wheelchair’s 3D model of Chinese human body in the CATIA software’s ergonomics module,and conducted a ergonomic evaluation respectively for the two racing wheelchairs. Finally, applying virtual prototyping technology ,we have set up a simulation model of racing wheelchair, conducted a dynamic simulation and carefully analysis its stability and the smoothly.
We hope that through our efforts domestic can also produce a racing wheelchair with good stability, flexibility,excellent performance and comfortable sitting, and enhance China's disabled sports results and the confidence to participate in sports entertainment.We hope that we can make some contribution for the cause of disabled sports in China.
引文
[1]张先锋.我国残疾人竞技体育研究现状.内蒙古体育科技.2003,10
[2]张永安.残疾人事业现代化初探.广东社会科学.2002,3
[3]赵锡安,向阳.残疾人体育指南.内蒙古体育科技.北京:华夏出版社1991:6-9
[4]张建宁,何俊虎,沈信生,朱静华.社会环境对我国残疾人田径运动的影响.北京体育大学学报.2002,6
[5]邵象清.人体测量手册.上海:上海辞书出版社,1983
[6] GB10000-88中国成年人人体尺寸[S]
[7]龚光红,李宁.人体运动的测量与数据修正.测控技术.2003,4
[8]李松赞.人机工程学在自行车设计中的作用.科技发展.2000:10.30-31
[9]丁玉兰.人机工程学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999
[10]马江彬.人机工程学及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.12
[11]刘红杰产品设计中的人机尺度关系量化评价的研究.包装工程,2006(04):190-193
[12] Rory A.Cooper.Wheelchair selection and configuration.Demos .1998
[13]蔡娜,李金杆,贾俊卿.面向轮椅使用者的产品设计人因分析.人类工效学.2004,10
[14] Launis M,Lehtela J . Man models in the ergonomic design of workplace with the microcomputer.Computer-Aided ergonomics.1990:68-79
[15]高敬.舒适轻便的钛轮椅.中国有色金属报.2005,7
[16]金红.钛在民用领域中的开发应用现状及发展前景.稀有金属.1998,6
[17]金菁.钛合金及碳纤维复合材料在自行车领域的应用.中国自行车.2000,1
[18]陈前军.自行车新材料的发展.中国自行车.1990,3
[19]高敬,王方.钛在轮椅中的应用.研发与应用.2004,3
[20]吴全兴.轻金属制轮椅.稀有金属.1998,6
[21]谭雪松,甘露萍,张黎骅.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire中文版基础教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2005
[22]谭雪松,朱金波,朱新涛.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire中文版典型实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2005
[23] Hoffmann CM,Kim K J.Towards valid parametric CAD models. Computer-Aided Design.2001.33: 81-90
[24]赵均海,汪梦甫.《弹性力学及有限元》.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003,8
[25]张继春,徐斌,林波.《Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire结构分析》.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,4
[26]祝凌云,李斌.《Pro/ENGINEER运动仿真和有限元分析》.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,5
[27]方建军,刘仕良.机械动态仿真与工程分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社工业装备与信息工程出版中心,2004
[28]郑午.人因工程设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[29]曾洪江.CATIAV5机械设计从入门到精通[M] .北京:中国青年出版社,2004
[30]周翔波,郑飞,曾洪梅,曾艳丽.面向人机工程的三维人体尺度空间模型.计算机仿真.2004,3
[31] Arlt Frank,Marach Amin.CAD modelling of a human 3D child body. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.1998.22:333-341
[32]栾宝国.汽车人机工程学三维人体模型的建立和应用[J].北京:《北京汽车》2005,4
[33]任金东等.基于CATIA平台的汽车视野设计系统研究与实现.汽车工程.2002.24:25-28
[34]张秀艳,关天民.轮椅产品的人机工程分析与评价系统.机械设计与制造.
[35]田斌.农用三轮运输车横向失稳翻倾临界条件的计算.机械研究与应用.2003,10
[36]陈铭年.油罐车转弯横向稳定性的计算分析.汽车工程.2001,5
[37]邓楚南,袁有才,张克勤等.机动车的侧翻稳定性及侧翻试验台.专用汽车.1997,3
[38]陈昆山.三轮农用运输车侧翻稳定性的计算方法.农业机械学报.1999.11
[39]李增刚编著.ADAMS入门详解与实例.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.1
[40]陈立平,张云清,任卫群.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:77-80
[41]郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民.ADAMS2005机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2006,2
[42]任卫群.车-路系统动力学中的虚拟样机-MSC.ADAMS2005软件应用实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.9
[43] JosehS.Lombardo, Edward Mhalakscott, R.Osborne.Collaborative Virtual Prototyping.Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest. 1996,17:295-304
[44]吴孟达,刘普寅.模糊理论及其应用[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999
[45]李安贵.模糊数学及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005
[46]杜子学.基于乘用车型平顺性分析的新指标.北京:西南交通大学学报.2000,4
[47]王岩松,石晶,耿爱莉,田国红.汽车平顺性的模糊评价方法的研究及应用.辽宁工学院学报.2003.10
[48]王志华.城市公交客车乘座舒适性测量与评价.中国水运(理论版).2006,3
[49]李佩林,李志春,李强.汽车舒适性评价方法的研究.农机化研究.2004,11
[50]李建华,付凤吉.汽车行使平顺行的评价方法.试验测量.2000,6
[2]张永安.残疾人事业现代化初探.广东社会科学.2002,3
[3]赵锡安,向阳.残疾人体育指南.内蒙古体育科技.北京:华夏出版社1991:6-9
[4]张建宁,何俊虎,沈信生,朱静华.社会环境对我国残疾人田径运动的影响.北京体育大学学报.2002,6
[5]邵象清.人体测量手册.上海:上海辞书出版社,1983
[6] GB10000-88中国成年人人体尺寸[S]
[7]龚光红,李宁.人体运动的测量与数据修正.测控技术.2003,4
[8]李松赞.人机工程学在自行车设计中的作用.科技发展.2000:10.30-31
[9]丁玉兰.人机工程学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999
[10]马江彬.人机工程学及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.12
[11]刘红杰产品设计中的人机尺度关系量化评价的研究.包装工程,2006(04):190-193
[12] Rory A.Cooper.Wheelchair selection and configuration.Demos .1998
[13]蔡娜,李金杆,贾俊卿.面向轮椅使用者的产品设计人因分析.人类工效学.2004,10
[14] Launis M,Lehtela J . Man models in the ergonomic design of workplace with the microcomputer.Computer-Aided ergonomics.1990:68-79
[15]高敬.舒适轻便的钛轮椅.中国有色金属报.2005,7
[16]金红.钛在民用领域中的开发应用现状及发展前景.稀有金属.1998,6
[17]金菁.钛合金及碳纤维复合材料在自行车领域的应用.中国自行车.2000,1
[18]陈前军.自行车新材料的发展.中国自行车.1990,3
[19]高敬,王方.钛在轮椅中的应用.研发与应用.2004,3
[20]吴全兴.轻金属制轮椅.稀有金属.1998,6
[21]谭雪松,甘露萍,张黎骅.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire中文版基础教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2005
[22]谭雪松,朱金波,朱新涛.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire中文版典型实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2005
[23] Hoffmann CM,Kim K J.Towards valid parametric CAD models. Computer-Aided Design.2001.33: 81-90
[24]赵均海,汪梦甫.《弹性力学及有限元》.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003,8
[25]张继春,徐斌,林波.《Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire结构分析》.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,4
[26]祝凌云,李斌.《Pro/ENGINEER运动仿真和有限元分析》.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,5
[27]方建军,刘仕良.机械动态仿真与工程分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社工业装备与信息工程出版中心,2004
[28]郑午.人因工程设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[29]曾洪江.CATIAV5机械设计从入门到精通[M] .北京:中国青年出版社,2004
[30]周翔波,郑飞,曾洪梅,曾艳丽.面向人机工程的三维人体尺度空间模型.计算机仿真.2004,3
[31] Arlt Frank,Marach Amin.CAD modelling of a human 3D child body. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.1998.22:333-341
[32]栾宝国.汽车人机工程学三维人体模型的建立和应用[J].北京:《北京汽车》2005,4
[33]任金东等.基于CATIA平台的汽车视野设计系统研究与实现.汽车工程.2002.24:25-28
[34]张秀艳,关天民.轮椅产品的人机工程分析与评价系统.机械设计与制造.
[35]田斌.农用三轮运输车横向失稳翻倾临界条件的计算.机械研究与应用.2003,10
[36]陈铭年.油罐车转弯横向稳定性的计算分析.汽车工程.2001,5
[37]邓楚南,袁有才,张克勤等.机动车的侧翻稳定性及侧翻试验台.专用汽车.1997,3
[38]陈昆山.三轮农用运输车侧翻稳定性的计算方法.农业机械学报.1999.11
[39]李增刚编著.ADAMS入门详解与实例.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.1
[40]陈立平,张云清,任卫群.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:77-80
[41]郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民.ADAMS2005机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2006,2
[42]任卫群.车-路系统动力学中的虚拟样机-MSC.ADAMS2005软件应用实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.9
[43] JosehS.Lombardo, Edward Mhalakscott, R.Osborne.Collaborative Virtual Prototyping.Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest. 1996,17:295-304
[44]吴孟达,刘普寅.模糊理论及其应用[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999
[45]李安贵.模糊数学及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005
[46]杜子学.基于乘用车型平顺性分析的新指标.北京:西南交通大学学报.2000,4
[47]王岩松,石晶,耿爱莉,田国红.汽车平顺性的模糊评价方法的研究及应用.辽宁工学院学报.2003.10
[48]王志华.城市公交客车乘座舒适性测量与评价.中国水运(理论版).2006,3
[49]李佩林,李志春,李强.汽车舒适性评价方法的研究.农机化研究.2004,11
[50]李建华,付凤吉.汽车行使平顺行的评价方法.试验测量.2000,6