黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤水分特性空间变异规律研究及精准灌溉的实施
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摘要
面对日益缺乏的水资源,黑龙江省西部半干旱区的水问题也日益突出。作为重要的商品粮基地,面对严重的季节性干旱,有效的解决途径就是采取高效节水的灌溉措施,提高水分的利用效率,并且根据不同的土壤墒情采取不同的灌溉方案。因此,了解土壤水分的空间分布规律及实施精准灌溉方案,是使该地区达到节水、高产的最有效途径。
本论文选取位于黑龙江省西部半干旱区的查哈阳农场作为试验基地,利用地统计学和ArcGIS软件绘制出研究区的土壤水分特性空间分布图。从空间分布图中,可以直观地了解土壤水分特性的空间分布情况,为精准灌溉的实施提供最基本的土壤特性资料。
为了更加合理的设计精准灌溉方案,本文提出采用数值方法和直观方法进行灌溉管理分区的划分。其中数值方法是利用主成分分析和MZA软件完成管理分区的划分,直观方法是以土壤水分特性的空间分布图为基础,结合一定的专业知识直接进行管理分区的划分。通过计算得出,数值方法将试验区划分成两个灌溉管理区,直观方法将试验区划分成四个灌溉管理区。采用统计分析和单因素不等重复方差检验来进行分区结果的比较,结果表明,两种分区方法的分区结果均比较合理。
在精准灌溉实施前,本文利用分层采样法确定土壤水分特性在各分区的合理采样数,并根据一定的原则设计合理的采样方案。土壤墒情的田间监测系统可以根据自然含水量的采样方案进行田间布设。
在精准灌溉的实施过程中,利用自然含水量与该区的灌溉指标进行比较,以确定不同的灌溉方案。为了更加合理的确定灌溉上下限,应与当地主要作物的节水灌溉试验相结合来确定灌溉用水量。
本论文设计了精准灌溉实施的全过程,其中包括土壤水分特性的空间变异规律分析,灌溉管理分区的划分,合理采样方案的设计和灌溉方案的设计。本论文的研究结果将为黑龙江省西部半干旱区实施精准灌溉提供指导意义。
Facing the increasing deficiency of water resources, agricultural water utilization of semiarid area in western Heilongjiang Province are becoming an outstanding problem. As the important commodity grain base, the effective approach to solve the serious seasonal drought problems is to use the efficient and water-saving irrigation measures, enhance the water use efficiency, and adopt different irrigation schemes based on various soil moisture contents. Thus, estimating the spatial distribution laws and actualizing precision irrigation schemes is the most efficient approach to save water and obtain high yield in the area.
Chahayang Farm located in the semiarid area of western Heilongjiang Province is selected as the experiment base, and geostatistics and ArcGIS software are used to drawing the spatial distribution figures of the soil water characteristics in the study area. The spatial distribution figures can visually indicate the spatial distributing situations of the soil water characteristics, which provide the basic soil properties data for the actualization of precision irrigation.
Numerical and visual methods to delineate irrigation management subareas are advanced in the paper for more rational design of precision irrigation scheme. The numerical method is to delineate management subareas with principal component analysis and MZA software, and the visual method is to directly delineate management subareas based on the spatial distribution figures and professional knowledge. Through calculating, two and four subareas of the study area are obtained by the numerical and visual methods respectively. The statistics analysis and single factor variance analysis indicate all the two methods are rational.
Before the actualization of precision irrigation, layered sampling method is used to determine the rational sampling number of each subarea for the soil characteristics in the study area, and the rational sampling scheme is designed on the basis of a certain principle. The field monitoring system of soil moisture content can be arranged based on the sampling scheme of natural water content.
During the course of precision irrigation actualization, the irrigation scheme can be confirmed by the comparison of natural water content and the irrigation index in the area. For the rational determination of the irrigation upper and lower limit, the water-saving irrigation experiments results of main crops in the area should be considered to confirm the irrigation water use.
The whole process of precision irrigation is designed in the paper, including the spatial variability analysis, the delineation of irrigation management subareas, and the designs of rational sampling and irrigation schemes. The research results of the paper will provide guidance for the actualization of precision irrigation in the semiarid area of western Heilongjiang Province.
本论文选取位于黑龙江省西部半干旱区的查哈阳农场作为试验基地,利用地统计学和ArcGIS软件绘制出研究区的土壤水分特性空间分布图。从空间分布图中,可以直观地了解土壤水分特性的空间分布情况,为精准灌溉的实施提供最基本的土壤特性资料。
为了更加合理的设计精准灌溉方案,本文提出采用数值方法和直观方法进行灌溉管理分区的划分。其中数值方法是利用主成分分析和MZA软件完成管理分区的划分,直观方法是以土壤水分特性的空间分布图为基础,结合一定的专业知识直接进行管理分区的划分。通过计算得出,数值方法将试验区划分成两个灌溉管理区,直观方法将试验区划分成四个灌溉管理区。采用统计分析和单因素不等重复方差检验来进行分区结果的比较,结果表明,两种分区方法的分区结果均比较合理。
在精准灌溉实施前,本文利用分层采样法确定土壤水分特性在各分区的合理采样数,并根据一定的原则设计合理的采样方案。土壤墒情的田间监测系统可以根据自然含水量的采样方案进行田间布设。
在精准灌溉的实施过程中,利用自然含水量与该区的灌溉指标进行比较,以确定不同的灌溉方案。为了更加合理的确定灌溉上下限,应与当地主要作物的节水灌溉试验相结合来确定灌溉用水量。
本论文设计了精准灌溉实施的全过程,其中包括土壤水分特性的空间变异规律分析,灌溉管理分区的划分,合理采样方案的设计和灌溉方案的设计。本论文的研究结果将为黑龙江省西部半干旱区实施精准灌溉提供指导意义。
Facing the increasing deficiency of water resources, agricultural water utilization of semiarid area in western Heilongjiang Province are becoming an outstanding problem. As the important commodity grain base, the effective approach to solve the serious seasonal drought problems is to use the efficient and water-saving irrigation measures, enhance the water use efficiency, and adopt different irrigation schemes based on various soil moisture contents. Thus, estimating the spatial distribution laws and actualizing precision irrigation schemes is the most efficient approach to save water and obtain high yield in the area.
Chahayang Farm located in the semiarid area of western Heilongjiang Province is selected as the experiment base, and geostatistics and ArcGIS software are used to drawing the spatial distribution figures of the soil water characteristics in the study area. The spatial distribution figures can visually indicate the spatial distributing situations of the soil water characteristics, which provide the basic soil properties data for the actualization of precision irrigation.
Numerical and visual methods to delineate irrigation management subareas are advanced in the paper for more rational design of precision irrigation scheme. The numerical method is to delineate management subareas with principal component analysis and MZA software, and the visual method is to directly delineate management subareas based on the spatial distribution figures and professional knowledge. Through calculating, two and four subareas of the study area are obtained by the numerical and visual methods respectively. The statistics analysis and single factor variance analysis indicate all the two methods are rational.
Before the actualization of precision irrigation, layered sampling method is used to determine the rational sampling number of each subarea for the soil characteristics in the study area, and the rational sampling scheme is designed on the basis of a certain principle. The field monitoring system of soil moisture content can be arranged based on the sampling scheme of natural water content.
During the course of precision irrigation actualization, the irrigation scheme can be confirmed by the comparison of natural water content and the irrigation index in the area. For the rational determination of the irrigation upper and lower limit, the water-saving irrigation experiments results of main crops in the area should be considered to confirm the irrigation water use.
The whole process of precision irrigation is designed in the paper, including the spatial variability analysis, the delineation of irrigation management subareas, and the designs of rational sampling and irrigation schemes. The research results of the paper will provide guidance for the actualization of precision irrigation in the semiarid area of western Heilongjiang Province.
引文
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