蒲江县城市景观格局分析与城市森林构建
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摘要
随着城市化进程的加快、城市人口的迅速增长,城市中大气污染,水污染、噪音污染、热岛效应等生态环境问题也日益突出,直接影响到城市居民的日常工作、生活质量,甚至对人类的健康构成威胁,人们逐渐认识到城市生态环境建设的重要性。利用城市森林的降温增湿、降噪滞尘、涵养水源等生态服务功能以及城市森林的景观功能,改善城市生态环境、提高城市居民生活质量已经成为现代城市建设的一种趋势。
本研究利用Quickbird遥感影像作为信息源,对蒲江县城市景观格局进行分析,在实地调查的基础上,结合蒲江县城市发展规划,以景观生态学、城市生态学理论为指导,提出蒲江城市森林构建方案。主要结论如下:
(1)研究区内的主要城市景观有7类,分别是园地、城市绿地、林地、水体、建筑用地、农业用地、道路。其中园地占到整个景观的44.51%,成为景观的本底,林地占17.28%,城市绿地占5.28%,水体为2.06%,农业用地为15.54%,建筑用地为11.95%,道路为3.94%。
(2)研究区内各类景观要素的斑块水平的特征值分别如下:
聚集度由大到小为:林地＞园地＞农业用地＞建筑用地＞水体＞城市绿地＞道路。
斑块形状指数由大到小分别是:林地＞道路＞水体＞园地＞农业用地＞城市绿地＞建筑用地。斑块形状复杂、不规则,则推知其受人为干扰程度小。
斑块结合度指数由大到小分别是:林地＞园地＞农业用地＞建筑用地＞水体＞城市绿地＞道路。其中林地斑块结合度最高,接近99%,其连接性较好。园地、农地在景观中占较大比重,结合度为98%,建筑用地也接近97%,说明以上类型景观斑块间的物质和能量迁移比较畅通。但是城市绿地斑块明显小于其它景观要素类型,说明人类活动的阻塞,斑块之间相对分散。
(3)在景观水平分析上选取了香农多样性和香农均匀度两个指标,分别与西安市、徐径市进行对比,结果表明蒲江县城市景观格局香农多样性指数(1.5561)介于两市(1.5742,1.3012)之间,说明蒲江县城市景观类型的多少居于中等水平,应继续加大景观多样性建设力度。而香农均匀度指数为0.7291,高于两市(0.5056,0.6764),说明研究区内斑块分布较为均匀,且有一定优势斑块,整体多样性良好。
(4)在对蒲江县城市森林构建中,结合蒲江现状,提出了符合该县的城市森林总体布局的规划设想,概括为“两带、四片、十六廊、多点、绿网覆盖”。即:①两带:一为蒲江河植被廊道,该廊道具有控制污染、净化水质、水土保持等生态功能,同时也为居民提供了游憩场所等生态功能。二为成雅高速两侧绿化生态廊;②四片:主要指城市近郊林地主要包括长丘山片区、彭磅山片区、五显坡片区、曹沟片区;③十六廊:城区主要道路绿化构成的绿廊;④多点:主要包括街头绿地,居住区绿地以及近郊小型林地斑块;⑤绿网:将城市内部道路绿化网与近郊农田防护林网连成一体,最终形成覆盖整个规划区的绿色生态网络。
(5)结合实际,对蒲江县城市森林生态网络,绿心、绿廊、绿块的构建提出具体建议。
(6)针对研究区不同区域的现状及特点、结合蒲江县城市发展规划、将研究区划分为:生态—景观林区、水源涵养林区、风景林区、生态农业观光区、工业防护林区、氧源林区等六个功能区。对功能区区位选址、功能定位以及功能区群落配置模式进行了探讨。
With the acceleration of urbanization process, the rapid growth of urban population, the eco-environmental issues such as urban air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and heat-island effect etc. are increasingly prominent and make a direct impact on the residents' daily work and quality of their life, and even become a health hazard to human. So, it is growing recognition that the ecological environment of city is very important.
Through the ecological service function and urban forest landscape features to improving the urban ecological environment and the quality of life for urban residents, such as used urban forest to cool and humidify, reduce noise and dust, conserve water, had become a modern trend in urban construction.
In this study, we used Quickbird remote sensing image as information source to make an urban landscape pattern analysis on the Pujiang County. Based on the on-site inspection and combine the urban development planning of Pujiang County, landscape ecology, urban ecology, we build a program of urban forest in Pujiang .The main conclusions are as follows:
1. There are mainly 7 kinds of civic landscape in the study area, including garden land, urban green land, forest land, water area ,architectural land, agricultural land and road. Of them garden land accounts for 44.51% of the total landscape,thus becoming the background with forest land ,urban green land, water area, agricultural land , architectural land and road accounting for 17.28%, 5.28%, 2.06%, 15.54%, 11.95%, 3.94% respectively.
2. The eigenvalues of the plaque levers of the primary factors of the landscape in the study area are as follows:
Degree of aggregation (From high to low): forest land>garden land>agricultural land >architectural land>water area>urban green land>road,Shape index of plaque (From big to small) : forest land>road> water area>garden land>agricultural land> urban green land > architectural land .Combination degree index of plaque: forest land > garden land > agricultural land >architectural land > water area> urban green land> road .Of them the proportion of forest land is the highest, nearly accounting for 99%, which has a better connectivity. Garden land and agricultural land also have a higner proportion with connectivity being 98%, while that of architectural land approaching 97%, showing the material ang energy migration is relatively smooth among the above-mentioned plaques. But the proportion of urban green land plaque is obviously smaller than those of others, showing the blockage of human activities and the relatively disintegration among the plaques.
3. As to the landscape scale, Shannon diversity and Shannon evenness were chosen to compare with those of Xi'an, and Xujing. The results show Shannon diversity in Pujiang is between the two cities with Shannon evenness being higher and the general diversity perfect. The results show the index(1.5561) of Shannon diversity in Pujiang is between Xi,an(1.5742) and Xujing town(1.3012) of Shanghai, showing the number of landscape categories in Pujiang is among the moderate level and should step up the construction; the index of Shannon evenness is 0.7291,which is higher than Xi,an(0.5056) and Xujing town(0.6764) of Shanghai, indicates that the pacth evenness is good.
4. The overall summary of urban forestry construction put forward which suits the current situation of Pujiang is two belts, four parts, sixteen corridors, several points green-net-like coverage.①. Two belts: the first is the vegetation corridor of Pujiang river, the corridor can control pollution, purify water quality, conserve soil and water, but also provide residents with recreational venues; the second is the green on both sides for Chendu-Yaan high-speed;②Four parts: there are mainly refers to the forest around suburbs, including the Changqiu area, the Pengpang area, the Wuxianpo area, and the Caogou area;③Sixteen corridors: the greening around the unban main roads;④Several points: mainly including the small forest patches in suburbs and the green spaces around main streets and residential area;⑤Green-net-like coverage: connect the unban inner road greening and the green farmland protection forest in suburbs, and become a district-wide ecological network of green ultimately which cover the entire planning area.
5. Some advice on the construction of forestry ecosystem network, green central areas, green corridors and green plots is put forward according to local practice of Pujiang.
6. Based on urban development planning of Pujiang and the current situations and characteristics of different areas, the study area is divided into six functional parts which are ecolandscape forest area, water-nourishing forest area, ornamental area, ecoagricultural sightseeing area industrial shelter forest area and oxygen- source forest area. This article also has a discussion on the location selection of the functional areas, fuction orientation and the community collocation code of the functional areas.
本研究利用Quickbird遥感影像作为信息源,对蒲江县城市景观格局进行分析,在实地调查的基础上,结合蒲江县城市发展规划,以景观生态学、城市生态学理论为指导,提出蒲江城市森林构建方案。主要结论如下:
(1)研究区内的主要城市景观有7类,分别是园地、城市绿地、林地、水体、建筑用地、农业用地、道路。其中园地占到整个景观的44.51%,成为景观的本底,林地占17.28%,城市绿地占5.28%,水体为2.06%,农业用地为15.54%,建筑用地为11.95%,道路为3.94%。
(2)研究区内各类景观要素的斑块水平的特征值分别如下:
聚集度由大到小为:林地＞园地＞农业用地＞建筑用地＞水体＞城市绿地＞道路。
斑块形状指数由大到小分别是:林地＞道路＞水体＞园地＞农业用地＞城市绿地＞建筑用地。斑块形状复杂、不规则,则推知其受人为干扰程度小。
斑块结合度指数由大到小分别是:林地＞园地＞农业用地＞建筑用地＞水体＞城市绿地＞道路。其中林地斑块结合度最高,接近99%,其连接性较好。园地、农地在景观中占较大比重,结合度为98%,建筑用地也接近97%,说明以上类型景观斑块间的物质和能量迁移比较畅通。但是城市绿地斑块明显小于其它景观要素类型,说明人类活动的阻塞,斑块之间相对分散。
(3)在景观水平分析上选取了香农多样性和香农均匀度两个指标,分别与西安市、徐径市进行对比,结果表明蒲江县城市景观格局香农多样性指数(1.5561)介于两市(1.5742,1.3012)之间,说明蒲江县城市景观类型的多少居于中等水平,应继续加大景观多样性建设力度。而香农均匀度指数为0.7291,高于两市(0.5056,0.6764),说明研究区内斑块分布较为均匀,且有一定优势斑块,整体多样性良好。
(4)在对蒲江县城市森林构建中,结合蒲江现状,提出了符合该县的城市森林总体布局的规划设想,概括为“两带、四片、十六廊、多点、绿网覆盖”。即:①两带:一为蒲江河植被廊道,该廊道具有控制污染、净化水质、水土保持等生态功能,同时也为居民提供了游憩场所等生态功能。二为成雅高速两侧绿化生态廊;②四片:主要指城市近郊林地主要包括长丘山片区、彭磅山片区、五显坡片区、曹沟片区;③十六廊:城区主要道路绿化构成的绿廊;④多点:主要包括街头绿地,居住区绿地以及近郊小型林地斑块;⑤绿网:将城市内部道路绿化网与近郊农田防护林网连成一体,最终形成覆盖整个规划区的绿色生态网络。
(5)结合实际,对蒲江县城市森林生态网络,绿心、绿廊、绿块的构建提出具体建议。
(6)针对研究区不同区域的现状及特点、结合蒲江县城市发展规划、将研究区划分为:生态—景观林区、水源涵养林区、风景林区、生态农业观光区、工业防护林区、氧源林区等六个功能区。对功能区区位选址、功能定位以及功能区群落配置模式进行了探讨。
With the acceleration of urbanization process, the rapid growth of urban population, the eco-environmental issues such as urban air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and heat-island effect etc. are increasingly prominent and make a direct impact on the residents' daily work and quality of their life, and even become a health hazard to human. So, it is growing recognition that the ecological environment of city is very important.
Through the ecological service function and urban forest landscape features to improving the urban ecological environment and the quality of life for urban residents, such as used urban forest to cool and humidify, reduce noise and dust, conserve water, had become a modern trend in urban construction.
In this study, we used Quickbird remote sensing image as information source to make an urban landscape pattern analysis on the Pujiang County. Based on the on-site inspection and combine the urban development planning of Pujiang County, landscape ecology, urban ecology, we build a program of urban forest in Pujiang .The main conclusions are as follows:
1. There are mainly 7 kinds of civic landscape in the study area, including garden land, urban green land, forest land, water area ,architectural land, agricultural land and road. Of them garden land accounts for 44.51% of the total landscape,thus becoming the background with forest land ,urban green land, water area, agricultural land , architectural land and road accounting for 17.28%, 5.28%, 2.06%, 15.54%, 11.95%, 3.94% respectively.
2. The eigenvalues of the plaque levers of the primary factors of the landscape in the study area are as follows:
Degree of aggregation (From high to low): forest land>garden land>agricultural land >architectural land>water area>urban green land>road,Shape index of plaque (From big to small) : forest land>road> water area>garden land>agricultural land> urban green land > architectural land .Combination degree index of plaque: forest land > garden land > agricultural land >architectural land > water area> urban green land> road .Of them the proportion of forest land is the highest, nearly accounting for 99%, which has a better connectivity. Garden land and agricultural land also have a higner proportion with connectivity being 98%, while that of architectural land approaching 97%, showing the material ang energy migration is relatively smooth among the above-mentioned plaques. But the proportion of urban green land plaque is obviously smaller than those of others, showing the blockage of human activities and the relatively disintegration among the plaques.
3. As to the landscape scale, Shannon diversity and Shannon evenness were chosen to compare with those of Xi'an, and Xujing. The results show Shannon diversity in Pujiang is between the two cities with Shannon evenness being higher and the general diversity perfect. The results show the index(1.5561) of Shannon diversity in Pujiang is between Xi,an(1.5742) and Xujing town(1.3012) of Shanghai, showing the number of landscape categories in Pujiang is among the moderate level and should step up the construction; the index of Shannon evenness is 0.7291,which is higher than Xi,an(0.5056) and Xujing town(0.6764) of Shanghai, indicates that the pacth evenness is good.
4. The overall summary of urban forestry construction put forward which suits the current situation of Pujiang is two belts, four parts, sixteen corridors, several points green-net-like coverage.①. Two belts: the first is the vegetation corridor of Pujiang river, the corridor can control pollution, purify water quality, conserve soil and water, but also provide residents with recreational venues; the second is the green on both sides for Chendu-Yaan high-speed;②Four parts: there are mainly refers to the forest around suburbs, including the Changqiu area, the Pengpang area, the Wuxianpo area, and the Caogou area;③Sixteen corridors: the greening around the unban main roads;④Several points: mainly including the small forest patches in suburbs and the green spaces around main streets and residential area;⑤Green-net-like coverage: connect the unban inner road greening and the green farmland protection forest in suburbs, and become a district-wide ecological network of green ultimately which cover the entire planning area.
5. Some advice on the construction of forestry ecosystem network, green central areas, green corridors and green plots is put forward according to local practice of Pujiang.
6. Based on urban development planning of Pujiang and the current situations and characteristics of different areas, the study area is divided into six functional parts which are ecolandscape forest area, water-nourishing forest area, ornamental area, ecoagricultural sightseeing area industrial shelter forest area and oxygen- source forest area. This article also has a discussion on the location selection of the functional areas, fuction orientation and the community collocation code of the functional areas.
引文
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