马尔科夫链模拟在济阳坳陷中的应用
|
摘要
济阳坳陷是在前中生代基底之上发育的中、新生代叠合盆地,其新生代构造演化及其大地构造背景的讨论一直是渤海湾盆地构造研究的热点。
本文利用强旋回地层(南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石韵律的野外测量数据)和弱旋回地层(东营凹陷北部陡坡带古近系5口井的数据)数据进行模拟对比,从马尔科夫链原理出发,对其进行了频数转移矩阵、概率转移矩阵、极限概率矩阵、环流矩阵和置换分析等沉积旋回最优分解综合分析。分析过程中发现并命名了循环链和二级循环链,并对循环链进行了处理。通过分析模拟获得了状态循环模式图,建立了不同地点、不同层位的旋回结构模式并通过计算机自动模拟出图。最后,对于强旋回地层结合野外观测的沉积构造等相标志分析对比了不同地点的韵律结构和沉积环境的关系,而对于弱旋回地层则结合了岩性柱状图分析对比了每一口井的旋回模式和沉积环境的关系,确认了古近系东营凹陷水体的变化过程是由浅变深再变浅,从下至上沉积相整体上表现为两个旋回,即扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、前扇三角洲亚相逐渐转变为近岸水下扇相、湖相、滑塌浊积扇相的沉积组合,再由湖相、滑塌浊积扇相逐渐转变为近岸水下扇、三角洲前缘、三角洲平原亚相的沉积组合。在该时期,湖盆不断扩大,沉积中心不断南迁。认为该区在整个古近纪中处于济阳坳陷整体不断拉伸,“北断南超”构造格局进一步扩大的构造背景。
物源区性质的转变与盆地的构造背景的变化是密不可分的,盆地的构造演化特点决定着沉积区物源的性质。在采用马尔科夫链模拟的基础之上,利用碎屑岩的QFL图解对济阳坳陷区不同层位物源性质和构造背景分析可知,盆地的构造演化背景为从晚古生代作为相对平缓的华北盆地的一部分,逐渐差异分化而演化成新生代高低不平的陆相盆地。
Jiyang Depression is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin that based on Pre-Mesozoic basement, Thus, the Cenozoic tectonic setting and evolution becomes a hot topic in the research on the Bohai Bay Basins.
Strong cyclic strata (field data from flysch rhythmic sequences of middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang Basin) and weak cyclic strata (data from five wells in the north slope of Dongying Sag) were used in the simulation in this paper. The Markov chain simulation method is mainly used to create transition probability matrices, limit probability matrices, circulation matrices and replacement analysis. The author found and named the cyclic chain and the secondary cyclic chain. State cycle mode charts were gained by the computer simulation, modes of different locations and different cycles were established as well.
According to sedimentary structures, as to the strong cycle strata, the relationship between rhythmic structures and sedimentary environments was established. While as to the weak cycle strata, according to the lithological column, the relationship between the mode of the cycles and the sedimentary enviroments was compared. It is confirmed that the water-body alternated from shallow to deep and then shallow during the Eogene, the sediment facies could be divided into two cycles upward,ie the group of fan-delta plain, fan delta front and frontal fan delta subfacies to the group of near shore subequeos fan facies, lacustrine facies and slump turbidite facies, then the former to the near shore subequeos fan facies, delta front and fan plain subfacies. The basin was expanding and the depocenter was moving to southward all the time. Jiyang Depression was stretching, with the regime of“faults in the north, overlap in the south”, in the whole Paleogene.
There is a close relationship between the changes of the provenance and the tectonic setting evolution in Jiyang Depression, because tectonic setting always control the provenance of sedimentary basins.Apart from markov chain simulation on the sedimentary strata, QFL (Q-quartz, F-feldspar, L-lithics) diagrams were used to aid the analyis of the different provenances and tectonic settings of Jiyang Depression, As a part of North China Basin, Jiyang Depression also evolved from part of a flat area in the Late Paleozoic to a continental depression with uneven surfaces.
本文利用强旋回地层(南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石韵律的野外测量数据)和弱旋回地层(东营凹陷北部陡坡带古近系5口井的数据)数据进行模拟对比,从马尔科夫链原理出发,对其进行了频数转移矩阵、概率转移矩阵、极限概率矩阵、环流矩阵和置换分析等沉积旋回最优分解综合分析。分析过程中发现并命名了循环链和二级循环链,并对循环链进行了处理。通过分析模拟获得了状态循环模式图,建立了不同地点、不同层位的旋回结构模式并通过计算机自动模拟出图。最后,对于强旋回地层结合野外观测的沉积构造等相标志分析对比了不同地点的韵律结构和沉积环境的关系,而对于弱旋回地层则结合了岩性柱状图分析对比了每一口井的旋回模式和沉积环境的关系,确认了古近系东营凹陷水体的变化过程是由浅变深再变浅,从下至上沉积相整体上表现为两个旋回,即扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、前扇三角洲亚相逐渐转变为近岸水下扇相、湖相、滑塌浊积扇相的沉积组合,再由湖相、滑塌浊积扇相逐渐转变为近岸水下扇、三角洲前缘、三角洲平原亚相的沉积组合。在该时期,湖盆不断扩大,沉积中心不断南迁。认为该区在整个古近纪中处于济阳坳陷整体不断拉伸,“北断南超”构造格局进一步扩大的构造背景。
物源区性质的转变与盆地的构造背景的变化是密不可分的,盆地的构造演化特点决定着沉积区物源的性质。在采用马尔科夫链模拟的基础之上,利用碎屑岩的QFL图解对济阳坳陷区不同层位物源性质和构造背景分析可知,盆地的构造演化背景为从晚古生代作为相对平缓的华北盆地的一部分,逐渐差异分化而演化成新生代高低不平的陆相盆地。
Jiyang Depression is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin that based on Pre-Mesozoic basement, Thus, the Cenozoic tectonic setting and evolution becomes a hot topic in the research on the Bohai Bay Basins.
Strong cyclic strata (field data from flysch rhythmic sequences of middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang Basin) and weak cyclic strata (data from five wells in the north slope of Dongying Sag) were used in the simulation in this paper. The Markov chain simulation method is mainly used to create transition probability matrices, limit probability matrices, circulation matrices and replacement analysis. The author found and named the cyclic chain and the secondary cyclic chain. State cycle mode charts were gained by the computer simulation, modes of different locations and different cycles were established as well.
According to sedimentary structures, as to the strong cycle strata, the relationship between rhythmic structures and sedimentary environments was established. While as to the weak cycle strata, according to the lithological column, the relationship between the mode of the cycles and the sedimentary enviroments was compared. It is confirmed that the water-body alternated from shallow to deep and then shallow during the Eogene, the sediment facies could be divided into two cycles upward,ie the group of fan-delta plain, fan delta front and frontal fan delta subfacies to the group of near shore subequeos fan facies, lacustrine facies and slump turbidite facies, then the former to the near shore subequeos fan facies, delta front and fan plain subfacies. The basin was expanding and the depocenter was moving to southward all the time. Jiyang Depression was stretching, with the regime of“faults in the north, overlap in the south”, in the whole Paleogene.
There is a close relationship between the changes of the provenance and the tectonic setting evolution in Jiyang Depression, because tectonic setting always control the provenance of sedimentary basins.Apart from markov chain simulation on the sedimentary strata, QFL (Q-quartz, F-feldspar, L-lithics) diagrams were used to aid the analyis of the different provenances and tectonic settings of Jiyang Depression, As a part of North China Basin, Jiyang Depression also evolved from part of a flat area in the Late Paleozoic to a continental depression with uneven surfaces.
引文
[1]景毅,王世称,苑清扬.马尔柯夫过程在地质学中的应用[M].地质出版社,1986,32-50.
[2] Vistelius A B. On the question of the mechanism of formation of strata[J]. Akad.Nauk SSSR Doklady,1949,65:191-194.
[3] Krumbein W C, Dacey M F. Markov chains and embedded Markov chains in geology [J] . Internat.Assoc.Math.Geology, 1969,11:79-96, Jour .
[4] Hattori I. Entropy in Markov Chains and Discrimination of Cyclic Patterns in Lithologic Successions [J] . Mathematical Gology,1976,18:477-496.
[5] May R W, Jones B. Stochastic Analysis of Complex Lithological Successions[J] . Mathematical Geology, 1982,14:405-417.
[6] Eidsvik J,Gonzalez E, Mukerji T . Hidden Markov Chains for Identifying Geologic Features. From seismic data [J] . Geostatistics Banff,2005,14:737-742.
[7] Eidsvik J, Mukerji T, Switzer P. Estimation of Geological Attributes From a Well Log:An Application of Hidden Markov Chains [J].Mathematical Geology, 2004,36:379-397.
[8]吕洪波,夏邦栋.浙西上奥陶统复理石韵律的马尔可夫链模拟[J].石油天然气与地质,1987,8(2):219-229.
[9]尼科勒塔.巴德斯库.用计算机对下塔尔克乌砂岩组中浊积岩(罗马尼亚东喀尔巴降山)的马尔科夫链分析[J].岩相古地理,1995,15(2):66-69.
[10]王继贤,刘业新.马尔柯夫链在测井相分析中的应用[J].地球物理测井,1989,13(5):30-37.
[11]张小莉.熵分析在单井相划分中的应用[J].石油实验地质,1998,20(4):422-426.
[12]郭光裕.马尔科夫概型分析及其在地质研究中的应用[J].地质与勘探,1992,28(8):29-34.
[13]汪西呜,刘智光,官容生,等.云南鹤庆锰矿含矿岩系的马尔柯夫过程分析[J].矿物岩石,1993,13(2):85-90.
[14]刘振峰,郝天珧,杨长春.基于Markov链模型的储层岩相随机模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):666-669.
[15]刘振峰,郝天珧,方辉.用Markov链模型随机模拟储层岩相空间展布[J].石油学报,2005,26(5):57-60.
[16]朱筱敏,信荃麟.马尔柯夫链法在建立沉积相模式中的应用[J].沉积学报,1987,5(4):96-104.
[17]何开华.马尔可夫嵌链分析在新疆拜城亚格列木组下段沉积相研究中的应用[J].成都地质学院学报,1988,15(3):93-103.
[18]李仁平,匡有为.长江三角洲南通地区第四纪地层马尔柯夫链综合分析[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1989,14(2):213-219.
[19]张光前,刘承祚.环流分解及其在沉积地层旋回分析中的应用[J].地质科学,1989,3:288-296.
[20]李长安,张玉芬.北京平原北部第四纪沉积环境的马尔柯夫链综合分析[J].地质科技情报,1990,9(4):85-90.
[21]李国惠,李彦芳.松辽盆地英台地区北部沉积旋回模式的马尔柯夫链模拟[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1991,10(3):13-20.
[22]梅冥相,陈笑媛.贵州玉屏彰寨早奥陶世的古环境演化[J].贵州工学院学报,1993,22(2):21-25.
[23]梅冥相,马永生,郭庆银.天津蓟县雾迷山旋回层基本模式及其马尔柯夫链分析.[J],高校地质学报,2001,7(3):288-299.
[24]陈笑媛,梅冥相.运用马尔柯夫法分析贵州玉屏彰寨早奥陶世古环境[J].贵州地质,1994,11(2):155-160.
[25]朱志军,郭福生,孟显云,等.马尔柯夫链分析在甘肃礼县地区上石炭统东扎口组沉积相研究中的应用[J].东华理工学院学报,2006,29(4):327-330.
[26]余继峰,黄涛,徐本燕.沉积序列的马尔柯夫性分析[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,25(2):6-9.
[27]王秋良,李长安.马尔柯夫链在江汉平原第四纪沉积环境分析中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1):38-46.
[28]赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21 (3):409-415.
[29] Dickinson W R, suczek C A. Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions [J]. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 1979, 63(12):2164-2182.
[30] Dickinson W.R, Sue L, Beard G., et al. Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting [J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1983, 94(1): 222-235.
[31] Dickinson W R. Interpreting Provenance relations from detrial modes of sandstones. in: Zuffa, G.G. ed[J]. Provenance of Arenites. Boston: D. Reidel , 1985,332-361.
[32] Crook K A W. Lithogenesis and geotectonics:the significance of compositional variation in flysch arenites[J]. In“Modern and ancient geosynclinal sedimentation edited by R.H.Dott, JR and R.H.Shaver. 1974: 304-310.
[33] Bhatia M R. Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones [J]. J of Geology , 1983, 91: 61l-627.
[34] Valloni R, Maynard J B. Detrital modes of Recent deep-sea sands and their relation to tectonic setting: a first approximation [J]. Sedimentology, 1981, 28(1): 75-83.
[35]夏邦栋,刘洪磊,方中,等.龙潭群沉积与扬子板块东段晚古生代构造格局[J].沉积学报,1992,10(4):23-34.
[36]夏邦栋,马学敏.一个前寒武纪安底斯复理石——皖南羊栈岭组复理石的岩石学及地球化学[J].沉积学报,1993,11(2):20-26.
[37]曹守连,陈发景.塔里木盆地东北部沉积充填序列的物源分析[J].新疆石油地质,1994,15(2):126-131.
[38]张希明,刘青芳,王贵全.塔里木盆地北部三叠—侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分与板块构造位置关系的研究[J].新疆地质,1995, 13(3):251-255.
[39]王岳军,范蔚茗,林舸.盆地沉积物示踪源区山脉隆升剥露的几种方法[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(2):85-89.
[40]陈刚.中生代鄂尔多斯盆地陆源碎屑成分及其构造属性[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):409-413.
[41]李忠,李任伟,孙枢,等.合肥盆地南部侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及其物源构造属性[J].岩石学报,1999,15(3):438-444.
[42]李本亮,张永军,夏邦栋,等.青藏高原比如地体与措勤地体相对古构造位置判别[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(1):38-43.
[43]方爱民,李继亮,侯泉林,等.新疆西昆仑库地复理石源区性质及构造背景分析[J].岩石学报,2003,19(1):153-166.
[44]李祥辉,曾庆高,王成善,等.西藏南部上三叠统郎杰学群物源分析[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):553-559.
[45]申延平,吴朝东,岳来群,等.库车坳陷侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析[J].地球学报,2005,26(3):235-240.
[46]王中波,杨守业,李萍,等.长江水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及其示踪意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):570-578.
[47]张玉修,张开均,夏邦栋,等.西藏羌塘地体三叠纪—侏罗纪海相砂岩颗粒组分及其构造意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(2):165-174.
[48]杨仁超,韩作振,樊爱萍,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部二叠系碎屑岩物源分析[J].山东科技大学学报自然科学,2007,26(3):1-4.
[49]赵小明,王建雄,牛志军,等.青海南部治多—杂多地区石炭纪—三叠纪砂岩地球化学特征与构造背景探讨[J].沉积学报,2008,26(1):11-20.
[50]和钟铧,王玉芬,侯伟.漠河盆地中侏罗统砂岩地球化学特征及物源属性分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(4):93-100.
[51]欧浩文,吕嵘,李宇志.准噶尔盆地南缘地区中新生代物源分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,24:183-185.
[52]徐田武,王英民,曾溅辉,等.苏北盆地高邮一海安地区晚白垩世泰州组沉积相及物源分析[J].地球学报,2007,28(6):627-634.
[53]徐田武,宋海强,况昊,等.物源分析方法的综合运用——以苏北盆地高邮凹陷泰一段地层为例[J].地球学报,2009,30(1):111-118.
[54]王涛.中国东部裂谷盆地油气藏地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1997.
[55]王颖,赵锡奎,高博禹.济阳坳陷构造演化特征[J].成都理工报,2002,29(2):181-187.
[56]单宝忠.济阳坳陷边界断裂几何学特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J].特种油气藏,2007,14(1):19-33.
[57]宗国洪,肖焕钦,李常宝,等.济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(3):275-282.
[58]谯汉生,方朝亮,牛嘉玉.渤海湾盆地深层石油地质[M].北:石油工业出版社,2002,1-270.
[59]谯汉生,方朝亮,牛嘉玉,等.中国东部深层石油地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002,60.
[60]郭兴伟,施小斌,丘学林,等.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷新生代裂后不整合、加速沉降及其成因浅析[J],地球物理学报,2007,50(2):455-464.
[61]田克勤,于志敏,冯明,等著.渤海湾盆地下第三系深层油气地质与勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000,15-42.
[62]张一伟.山东西部箕状凹陷形成的探讨—初论地壳波状运动[J] .石油学报,1983,4(4):19-25.
[63]陈庆春,吴智平,李伟.济阳坳陷稀土元素特征及其在物源对比中的应用[J].地质论评,2003,49(6):622-629.
[64]闫义,林舸,王岳军,等.盆地陆源碎屑沉积物对源区构造背景的指示意义[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(1):85-90.
[65]蒲玉国,吴时国,李道轩,等.东营凹陷高青砂岩体物源方向与沉积模式研究[J].地球学报,2005,26(2):145-150.
[66]张鑫,张金亮.东营凹陷南坡沙河街组四段砂岩地球化学特征[J].地质科学,2007,42(2):303-318.
[67]徐振中,陈世悦,姚军,等.济阳坳陷中生代物源方向与沉积体系[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(2):84-88.
[68]胜利油田中国石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷六)—胜利油田卷[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987,23-40,51-63.
[69]苏宗富,邓宏文,陶宗普,等.济阳坳陷古近系区域层序地层格架地层特征对比[J].古地理学报,2006,8(1):89-101.
[70]王世虎,夏斌,陈根文,等.济阳坳陷构造特征及形成机制讨论[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(4):428-434.
[71]王秉海,钱凯.主编.胜利油区地质研究与勘探实践[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1992,13-17.
[72]李荣西,廖永胜.济阳坳陷石炭-二叠系热演化与生烃阶段[J] .地球学报,2001,22(1):85-90.
[73]王毅,陆克政,任安身.济阳坳陷东北部中生代构造运动和火山活动及构造演化[J] .石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):1-7.
[74]张日华,信广林,刘希林,等.济阳拗陷滨海地区中生界油气研究与评价[J] .山东地质,1994,10(1):32-39.
[75]吕希学,胡斌,姜在兴.济阳坳陷车镇和沾化凹陷古近系沙河街组遗迹群落及其沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):188-196.
[76]山东省第四地质矿产勘查院编.山东省区域地质[M].济南:山东省地图出版社,2003,133-175,227,839-857,970.
[77]刘特民,刘炳温,陈国栋,等.南盘江盆地构造演化与油气保存区划分[J].地质勘探——天然气工业,2001,21(1):18-23.
[78]汪新伟,韩效忠,侯宇光,等.南盘江坳陷及邻区海西晚期岩浆活动特征及其形成机制探讨[J].铀矿地质,2005,21(2):72-78.
[79]贺自爱.黔桂中三叠世浊流沉积的形成环境[J].石油与天然气地质,1986,7(3):207-217.
[80]刘宝珺,张锦泉,叶红专.黔西南中三叠世陆棚——斜坡沉积特征[J].沉积学报,1987,5(2):1-16.
[81]吕洪波,章雨旭,夏邦栋,等.南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石中的同沉积挤压构造[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):449-456.
[82] Einsele G . Sedimentary basins: evolution, facies, and sediment budget [M] . Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidlberg (Second Edition), 792pp, 2000.
[83]牟传龙,吴应林,谭钦银.南盘江盆地中三叠统浊积岩及其物源和大地构造背景[J].成都地质学院学报,1990,17(4):90-96.
[84]张锦泉,蒋廷操.右江三叠纪弧后盆地沉积特征及盆地演化[J].广西地质,1994,7(2):1-14.
[85] Harbaugh J W, Bonham-Carter G F. Computer simulation in geology[M] . New York. 1970.
[86]吴浩若.晚古生代—三叠纪南盘江海的构造古地理问题[J].古地理学报,2003,5(1):63-76.
[87]夏邦栋,方中,吕洪波,等.滇黔桂交界地带南盘江地区中三叠世弧后复理石盆地[J].南京大学学报(地球科学),1993,5(3):320—329.
[88]操应长,徐涛玉,王艳忠,等.东营凹陷古近系储层超压成因及其成藏意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(3):34-38.
[89]钱诗友,曾溅辉.东营凹陷沙河街组地层水化学特征及其石油地质意义[J] .天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):603-609.
[90]袁静,姜在兴.东营凹陷下第三系沙三下亚段孔店组沉积、成岩和油气成藏综合模式[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(1):57-60.
[91]田在艺,张庆春.中国含油汽沉积盆地[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:92-113.
[92]漆家福,张一伟,陆克政,等.渤海湾盆地新生代裂陷盆地的伸展模式及其动力学过程[J].石油实验地质,1995,17(4):316-322.
[93]宋新民,钱祥麟.中新生代渤海湾盆地及其邻区构造成因和演化[J].地学前缘,1995,2:1-2.
[94]侯贵廷,钱祥麟,宋新民.渤海湾盆地形成机制研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(4):503-509.
[95]侯贵廷,钱祥麟,蔡东升.渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(6):845-851.
[96]蔡乾忠,刘守全.渤海湾盆地成盆前后重大地质事件与浅层油气富集[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(1):11-15.
[97]翟光明,宋建国,靳久强,等.板块构造演化与含油气盆地形成和评价[M] .北京:石油工业出版社,2002:15-63.
[98]贾志斌,田新琦,孟祥顺.渤海湾盆地成因机制与油气评价[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):62-66.
[99]周玉琦,周荔青,郭念发.中国东部新生代盆地油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:8-30.
[100]吉双文,燕子杰,姜能栋.渤海湾盆地构造及沉积演化探讨——以济阳坳陷为例[J].石油地质与工程,2008,22(3):21-25.
[101]陈洁.济阳坳陷第三系构造层序及其演化[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4)700-706.
[102]徐振中,陈世悦,王永诗,等.济阳坳陷白垩系沉积特征及其控制因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(2):1-5.
[103]肖焕钦,孙锡年,汤冬梅,等.济阳坳陷坳陷期构造带划分及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2009,1:30-35.
[104]刘朝露,夏斌.济阳坳陷新生代构造演化特征与油气成藏组合模式[J] .天然气地球化学,2007,18(2):209-214.
[105]贾红义,于建国,王金铎.济阳坳陷早始新世构造变动与油气成藏——以东营凹陷为例[J] .油气地球物理,2006,4(2):46-50.
[106]郑德顺,吴智平,李伟,等.济阳坳陷中、新生代盆地转型期断裂特征及其对盆地的控制作用[J].地质学报,2005,79(3):386-394.
[107]周建国.济阳—昌潍坳陷火山岩地球化学特征及其动力学意义[J] .油气地质与采收率,2006,13(1)27-31.
[108]刘建国,孙钰,李世银,等.济阳坳陷断坳转换期基本特征研究[J].特种油气藏,14(1):34-36.
[109]姜在兴.沉积学[M] .北京:石油工业出版社,2003:308-309.
[2] Vistelius A B. On the question of the mechanism of formation of strata[J]. Akad.Nauk SSSR Doklady,1949,65:191-194.
[3] Krumbein W C, Dacey M F. Markov chains and embedded Markov chains in geology [J] . Internat.Assoc.Math.Geology, 1969,11:79-96, Jour .
[4] Hattori I. Entropy in Markov Chains and Discrimination of Cyclic Patterns in Lithologic Successions [J] . Mathematical Gology,1976,18:477-496.
[5] May R W, Jones B. Stochastic Analysis of Complex Lithological Successions[J] . Mathematical Geology, 1982,14:405-417.
[6] Eidsvik J,Gonzalez E, Mukerji T . Hidden Markov Chains for Identifying Geologic Features. From seismic data [J] . Geostatistics Banff,2005,14:737-742.
[7] Eidsvik J, Mukerji T, Switzer P. Estimation of Geological Attributes From a Well Log:An Application of Hidden Markov Chains [J].Mathematical Geology, 2004,36:379-397.
[8]吕洪波,夏邦栋.浙西上奥陶统复理石韵律的马尔可夫链模拟[J].石油天然气与地质,1987,8(2):219-229.
[9]尼科勒塔.巴德斯库.用计算机对下塔尔克乌砂岩组中浊积岩(罗马尼亚东喀尔巴降山)的马尔科夫链分析[J].岩相古地理,1995,15(2):66-69.
[10]王继贤,刘业新.马尔柯夫链在测井相分析中的应用[J].地球物理测井,1989,13(5):30-37.
[11]张小莉.熵分析在单井相划分中的应用[J].石油实验地质,1998,20(4):422-426.
[12]郭光裕.马尔科夫概型分析及其在地质研究中的应用[J].地质与勘探,1992,28(8):29-34.
[13]汪西呜,刘智光,官容生,等.云南鹤庆锰矿含矿岩系的马尔柯夫过程分析[J].矿物岩石,1993,13(2):85-90.
[14]刘振峰,郝天珧,杨长春.基于Markov链模型的储层岩相随机模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):666-669.
[15]刘振峰,郝天珧,方辉.用Markov链模型随机模拟储层岩相空间展布[J].石油学报,2005,26(5):57-60.
[16]朱筱敏,信荃麟.马尔柯夫链法在建立沉积相模式中的应用[J].沉积学报,1987,5(4):96-104.
[17]何开华.马尔可夫嵌链分析在新疆拜城亚格列木组下段沉积相研究中的应用[J].成都地质学院学报,1988,15(3):93-103.
[18]李仁平,匡有为.长江三角洲南通地区第四纪地层马尔柯夫链综合分析[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1989,14(2):213-219.
[19]张光前,刘承祚.环流分解及其在沉积地层旋回分析中的应用[J].地质科学,1989,3:288-296.
[20]李长安,张玉芬.北京平原北部第四纪沉积环境的马尔柯夫链综合分析[J].地质科技情报,1990,9(4):85-90.
[21]李国惠,李彦芳.松辽盆地英台地区北部沉积旋回模式的马尔柯夫链模拟[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1991,10(3):13-20.
[22]梅冥相,陈笑媛.贵州玉屏彰寨早奥陶世的古环境演化[J].贵州工学院学报,1993,22(2):21-25.
[23]梅冥相,马永生,郭庆银.天津蓟县雾迷山旋回层基本模式及其马尔柯夫链分析.[J],高校地质学报,2001,7(3):288-299.
[24]陈笑媛,梅冥相.运用马尔柯夫法分析贵州玉屏彰寨早奥陶世古环境[J].贵州地质,1994,11(2):155-160.
[25]朱志军,郭福生,孟显云,等.马尔柯夫链分析在甘肃礼县地区上石炭统东扎口组沉积相研究中的应用[J].东华理工学院学报,2006,29(4):327-330.
[26]余继峰,黄涛,徐本燕.沉积序列的马尔柯夫性分析[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,25(2):6-9.
[27]王秋良,李长安.马尔柯夫链在江汉平原第四纪沉积环境分析中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1):38-46.
[28]赵红格,刘池洋.物源分析方法及研究进展[J].沉积学报,2003,21 (3):409-415.
[29] Dickinson W R, suczek C A. Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions [J]. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 1979, 63(12):2164-2182.
[30] Dickinson W.R, Sue L, Beard G., et al. Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting [J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1983, 94(1): 222-235.
[31] Dickinson W R. Interpreting Provenance relations from detrial modes of sandstones. in: Zuffa, G.G. ed[J]. Provenance of Arenites. Boston: D. Reidel , 1985,332-361.
[32] Crook K A W. Lithogenesis and geotectonics:the significance of compositional variation in flysch arenites[J]. In“Modern and ancient geosynclinal sedimentation edited by R.H.Dott, JR and R.H.Shaver. 1974: 304-310.
[33] Bhatia M R. Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones [J]. J of Geology , 1983, 91: 61l-627.
[34] Valloni R, Maynard J B. Detrital modes of Recent deep-sea sands and their relation to tectonic setting: a first approximation [J]. Sedimentology, 1981, 28(1): 75-83.
[35]夏邦栋,刘洪磊,方中,等.龙潭群沉积与扬子板块东段晚古生代构造格局[J].沉积学报,1992,10(4):23-34.
[36]夏邦栋,马学敏.一个前寒武纪安底斯复理石——皖南羊栈岭组复理石的岩石学及地球化学[J].沉积学报,1993,11(2):20-26.
[37]曹守连,陈发景.塔里木盆地东北部沉积充填序列的物源分析[J].新疆石油地质,1994,15(2):126-131.
[38]张希明,刘青芳,王贵全.塔里木盆地北部三叠—侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分与板块构造位置关系的研究[J].新疆地质,1995, 13(3):251-255.
[39]王岳军,范蔚茗,林舸.盆地沉积物示踪源区山脉隆升剥露的几种方法[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(2):85-89.
[40]陈刚.中生代鄂尔多斯盆地陆源碎屑成分及其构造属性[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):409-413.
[41]李忠,李任伟,孙枢,等.合肥盆地南部侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及其物源构造属性[J].岩石学报,1999,15(3):438-444.
[42]李本亮,张永军,夏邦栋,等.青藏高原比如地体与措勤地体相对古构造位置判别[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(1):38-43.
[43]方爱民,李继亮,侯泉林,等.新疆西昆仑库地复理石源区性质及构造背景分析[J].岩石学报,2003,19(1):153-166.
[44]李祥辉,曾庆高,王成善,等.西藏南部上三叠统郎杰学群物源分析[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):553-559.
[45]申延平,吴朝东,岳来群,等.库车坳陷侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析[J].地球学报,2005,26(3):235-240.
[46]王中波,杨守业,李萍,等.长江水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及其示踪意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):570-578.
[47]张玉修,张开均,夏邦栋,等.西藏羌塘地体三叠纪—侏罗纪海相砂岩颗粒组分及其构造意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(2):165-174.
[48]杨仁超,韩作振,樊爱萍,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部二叠系碎屑岩物源分析[J].山东科技大学学报自然科学,2007,26(3):1-4.
[49]赵小明,王建雄,牛志军,等.青海南部治多—杂多地区石炭纪—三叠纪砂岩地球化学特征与构造背景探讨[J].沉积学报,2008,26(1):11-20.
[50]和钟铧,王玉芬,侯伟.漠河盆地中侏罗统砂岩地球化学特征及物源属性分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(4):93-100.
[51]欧浩文,吕嵘,李宇志.准噶尔盆地南缘地区中新生代物源分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,24:183-185.
[52]徐田武,王英民,曾溅辉,等.苏北盆地高邮一海安地区晚白垩世泰州组沉积相及物源分析[J].地球学报,2007,28(6):627-634.
[53]徐田武,宋海强,况昊,等.物源分析方法的综合运用——以苏北盆地高邮凹陷泰一段地层为例[J].地球学报,2009,30(1):111-118.
[54]王涛.中国东部裂谷盆地油气藏地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1997.
[55]王颖,赵锡奎,高博禹.济阳坳陷构造演化特征[J].成都理工报,2002,29(2):181-187.
[56]单宝忠.济阳坳陷边界断裂几何学特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J].特种油气藏,2007,14(1):19-33.
[57]宗国洪,肖焕钦,李常宝,等.济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(3):275-282.
[58]谯汉生,方朝亮,牛嘉玉.渤海湾盆地深层石油地质[M].北:石油工业出版社,2002,1-270.
[59]谯汉生,方朝亮,牛嘉玉,等.中国东部深层石油地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002,60.
[60]郭兴伟,施小斌,丘学林,等.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷新生代裂后不整合、加速沉降及其成因浅析[J],地球物理学报,2007,50(2):455-464.
[61]田克勤,于志敏,冯明,等著.渤海湾盆地下第三系深层油气地质与勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000,15-42.
[62]张一伟.山东西部箕状凹陷形成的探讨—初论地壳波状运动[J] .石油学报,1983,4(4):19-25.
[63]陈庆春,吴智平,李伟.济阳坳陷稀土元素特征及其在物源对比中的应用[J].地质论评,2003,49(6):622-629.
[64]闫义,林舸,王岳军,等.盆地陆源碎屑沉积物对源区构造背景的指示意义[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(1):85-90.
[65]蒲玉国,吴时国,李道轩,等.东营凹陷高青砂岩体物源方向与沉积模式研究[J].地球学报,2005,26(2):145-150.
[66]张鑫,张金亮.东营凹陷南坡沙河街组四段砂岩地球化学特征[J].地质科学,2007,42(2):303-318.
[67]徐振中,陈世悦,姚军,等.济阳坳陷中生代物源方向与沉积体系[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,28(2):84-88.
[68]胜利油田中国石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷六)—胜利油田卷[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987,23-40,51-63.
[69]苏宗富,邓宏文,陶宗普,等.济阳坳陷古近系区域层序地层格架地层特征对比[J].古地理学报,2006,8(1):89-101.
[70]王世虎,夏斌,陈根文,等.济阳坳陷构造特征及形成机制讨论[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(4):428-434.
[71]王秉海,钱凯.主编.胜利油区地质研究与勘探实践[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1992,13-17.
[72]李荣西,廖永胜.济阳坳陷石炭-二叠系热演化与生烃阶段[J] .地球学报,2001,22(1):85-90.
[73]王毅,陆克政,任安身.济阳坳陷东北部中生代构造运动和火山活动及构造演化[J] .石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(2):1-7.
[74]张日华,信广林,刘希林,等.济阳拗陷滨海地区中生界油气研究与评价[J] .山东地质,1994,10(1):32-39.
[75]吕希学,胡斌,姜在兴.济阳坳陷车镇和沾化凹陷古近系沙河街组遗迹群落及其沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):188-196.
[76]山东省第四地质矿产勘查院编.山东省区域地质[M].济南:山东省地图出版社,2003,133-175,227,839-857,970.
[77]刘特民,刘炳温,陈国栋,等.南盘江盆地构造演化与油气保存区划分[J].地质勘探——天然气工业,2001,21(1):18-23.
[78]汪新伟,韩效忠,侯宇光,等.南盘江坳陷及邻区海西晚期岩浆活动特征及其形成机制探讨[J].铀矿地质,2005,21(2):72-78.
[79]贺自爱.黔桂中三叠世浊流沉积的形成环境[J].石油与天然气地质,1986,7(3):207-217.
[80]刘宝珺,张锦泉,叶红专.黔西南中三叠世陆棚——斜坡沉积特征[J].沉积学报,1987,5(2):1-16.
[81]吕洪波,章雨旭,夏邦栋,等.南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石中的同沉积挤压构造[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):449-456.
[82] Einsele G . Sedimentary basins: evolution, facies, and sediment budget [M] . Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidlberg (Second Edition), 792pp, 2000.
[83]牟传龙,吴应林,谭钦银.南盘江盆地中三叠统浊积岩及其物源和大地构造背景[J].成都地质学院学报,1990,17(4):90-96.
[84]张锦泉,蒋廷操.右江三叠纪弧后盆地沉积特征及盆地演化[J].广西地质,1994,7(2):1-14.
[85] Harbaugh J W, Bonham-Carter G F. Computer simulation in geology[M] . New York. 1970.
[86]吴浩若.晚古生代—三叠纪南盘江海的构造古地理问题[J].古地理学报,2003,5(1):63-76.
[87]夏邦栋,方中,吕洪波,等.滇黔桂交界地带南盘江地区中三叠世弧后复理石盆地[J].南京大学学报(地球科学),1993,5(3):320—329.
[88]操应长,徐涛玉,王艳忠,等.东营凹陷古近系储层超压成因及其成藏意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(3):34-38.
[89]钱诗友,曾溅辉.东营凹陷沙河街组地层水化学特征及其石油地质意义[J] .天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):603-609.
[90]袁静,姜在兴.东营凹陷下第三系沙三下亚段孔店组沉积、成岩和油气成藏综合模式[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(1):57-60.
[91]田在艺,张庆春.中国含油汽沉积盆地[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:92-113.
[92]漆家福,张一伟,陆克政,等.渤海湾盆地新生代裂陷盆地的伸展模式及其动力学过程[J].石油实验地质,1995,17(4):316-322.
[93]宋新民,钱祥麟.中新生代渤海湾盆地及其邻区构造成因和演化[J].地学前缘,1995,2:1-2.
[94]侯贵廷,钱祥麟,宋新民.渤海湾盆地形成机制研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(4):503-509.
[95]侯贵廷,钱祥麟,蔡东升.渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(6):845-851.
[96]蔡乾忠,刘守全.渤海湾盆地成盆前后重大地质事件与浅层油气富集[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(1):11-15.
[97]翟光明,宋建国,靳久强,等.板块构造演化与含油气盆地形成和评价[M] .北京:石油工业出版社,2002:15-63.
[98]贾志斌,田新琦,孟祥顺.渤海湾盆地成因机制与油气评价[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):62-66.
[99]周玉琦,周荔青,郭念发.中国东部新生代盆地油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:8-30.
[100]吉双文,燕子杰,姜能栋.渤海湾盆地构造及沉积演化探讨——以济阳坳陷为例[J].石油地质与工程,2008,22(3):21-25.
[101]陈洁.济阳坳陷第三系构造层序及其演化[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4)700-706.
[102]徐振中,陈世悦,王永诗,等.济阳坳陷白垩系沉积特征及其控制因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(2):1-5.
[103]肖焕钦,孙锡年,汤冬梅,等.济阳坳陷坳陷期构造带划分及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2009,1:30-35.
[104]刘朝露,夏斌.济阳坳陷新生代构造演化特征与油气成藏组合模式[J] .天然气地球化学,2007,18(2):209-214.
[105]贾红义,于建国,王金铎.济阳坳陷早始新世构造变动与油气成藏——以东营凹陷为例[J] .油气地球物理,2006,4(2):46-50.
[106]郑德顺,吴智平,李伟,等.济阳坳陷中、新生代盆地转型期断裂特征及其对盆地的控制作用[J].地质学报,2005,79(3):386-394.
[107]周建国.济阳—昌潍坳陷火山岩地球化学特征及其动力学意义[J] .油气地质与采收率,2006,13(1)27-31.
[108]刘建国,孙钰,李世银,等.济阳坳陷断坳转换期基本特征研究[J].特种油气藏,14(1):34-36.
[109]姜在兴.沉积学[M] .北京:石油工业出版社,2003:308-309.