中国农业巨灾保险模式研究
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摘要
我国是一个农业大国,同时也是农业灾害发生最为严重的国家之一,农业巨灾对我国的农业生产乃至整个国民经济都造成了严重的影响。保险是农业巨灾风险管理社会化与市场化的趋势,但我国的农业保险却一直处于经营效益低下的状态,并出现日益萎缩的趋势,大部分的农业巨灾损失只能靠农户自主承担或政府的灾后救济。我们迫切需要建立科学的农业巨灾保险制度,保障农业生产经营,促进农业经济的健康发展。本文的研究目的是,建立符合我国国情的农业巨灾保险模式,从根本上改变我国目前面对农业巨灾被动的救济局面,推动和完善我国保险制度和体制建设,适应全球保险市场一体化,提升我国保险公司的市场竞争实力。本文的研究思路是,本文在对农业巨灾保险模式的理论分析基础上,从农业巨灾保险现状着手,分析了我国农业巨灾保险缺失的原因,结合我国农业巨灾风险管理的实际情况,在政府与市场合作的基础上,探讨了农业巨灾保险的可行性。通过对国外农业巨灾保险实践经验的借鉴,提出了我国农业巨灾保险的模式。本文主要研究结论如下:
1、农业巨灾保险准公共物品的属性决定了商业保险公司主导的农业灾保险开展有一定的难度,政府的介入与政策支持是开展农业巨灾保险的必要条件。且政府应该在易发生农业巨灾的区域实行”强制性”的要求所有农户参与农业巨灾保险。
2、通过对我国农业巨灾保险现状的研究发现,我国农业巨灾保险的损失补偿水平很低、损失不堪重负、农业保险产品规避或严格限制农业巨灾风险、经营主体缺失和农业巨灾风险管理不合理等是我国农业巨灾保险的现状。研究表明,系统性风险、信息不对称和正外部性是各国农业巨灾保险面临的困难和问题。
3、通过对发达国家农业巨灾保险制度的研究发现,各国政府在农业巨灾保险中均起到支配和导向的作用,高度重视农业巨灾保险在国民经济中的重要作用,为农业巨灾保险提供必要的财政支持,强制或鼓励农民参与农业巨灾保险,并建立法律保障。但各国农业巨灾的具体模式根据本国情况各不相同。这些都为我国建立合理的农业巨灾保险制度提供了有益的启示。
4、本文评价了现有的4种政府主导下的政策性农业巨灾保险模式的优缺点。并设计了不同时期我国农业巨灾保险的模式:短期内我国政策性农业巨灾保险的制度模式应该选择由政府主办并由政府组织直接经营。部分发达地区也可以考虑把其部分农业巨灾保险业务委托给商业农业保险公司、农业保险合作社和农业相互保险公司代办经营。中期展望在我国金融市场和保险市场逐步完善和发展的基础上,我国部分保险组织和机构(主要是商业保险公司和外资保险公司)可以逐步开展农业巨灾保险业务。农业保险合作社和农业相互保险公司可以部分代理国家农业巨灾保险公司、商业保险公司和外资保险公司的农业巨灾保险产品。从长期来看,我国农业巨灾保险应该调整社会一切资源,由国家政策农业巨灾保险公司、商业保险公司、外资保险公司、农业保险合作社和农业相互保险公司共同组成了一个比较完整的农业巨灾保险体系。
China is a huge agricultural country, which has so much natural disaster. Agricultural catastrophes have huge negative impacts on agricultural production and even the whole economy of our country. insurance accord with the socialization and mercerization trend of catastrophe risk management. . However, the business of agricultural insurance is always in the state of inefficient, following the trend of depauperate in China. Most of the loss is taken by the peasants and relived by the government budget. For the development of agriculture, we hunger to build the scientific agricultura catastrophes insruance institution mode to manage the catastrophe risk., this paper aims to design the model of angricultural catastrophes insurance acorrding our agricultural insurance actual condition, Fundamentally change the face of China's current agricultural catastrophe relief passive situation, to promote and improve China's insurance system and institution-building to adapt to the integration of the global insurance market, China's insurance market to enhance competitiveness. hethinking of research herein is, In this paper, the agricultural catastrophe insurance model based on theoretical analysis, the status quo from an agricultural catastrophe insurance start an analysis of catastrophe insurance in China's agriculture of the reasons for deficiencies, combined with China's agricultural catastrophe the actual situation of risk management,cooperation in the government and the market on the basis of the feasibility of agricultural catastrophe insurance. Of foreign agricultural catastrophe insurance from practical experience, put forward China's agricultural catastrophe insurance model. The main conclusions are as follows:
1、Agricultural Catastrophe Insurance quasi-public goods determines the properties of the leading commercial insurance companies to carry out agricultural disaster insurance has a certain degree of difficulty, the Government's intervention and policy support for agriculture is a necessary condition for Catastrophe Insurance. And The Government should agricultural catastrophe-prone areas of "mandatory" requirements of all rural households participate in agricultural catastrophe insurance.
2、The status of China's agricultural catastrophe insurance is that compensation levels low,heavy losses,agricultural insurance products run around or severely restricted agricultural catastrophic risks,the main body deficiencies and agricultural catastrophe risk management is unreasonable.Studies have shown that systemic risk,information asymmetry and is outside are difficulties and problems of every national agricultural catastrophic insurance.
3、Through catastrophe insurance system in agriculture in developed countries found that governments in the agricultural catastrophe insurance has played in both the dominant and leading role in catastrophe insurance attaches great importance to agriculture in the national economy an important role in the provision of agricultural Catastrophe Insurance the necessary financial support, to compel or encourage farmers to participate in agricultural catastrophe insurance, and the establishment of legal protection. However, the specific national agricultural catastrophe model according to its national conditions vary. These are for our country to establish a rational agricultural catastrophe insurance system provides a useful insight.
4、In this paper, we evaluate the the advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of model of angricultural catastrophes insurance under the government-led policy of agriculture catastrophe insurance, and design China's agricultural catastrophe insurance model in the different periods. Short-term policy of China's agricultural catastrophe insurance system model should be chosen by the government-sponsored directly by the governmental organizations. Some developed areas can also be considered part of their agricultural catastrophe insurance business entrusted to the commercial agricultural insurance, agricultural insurance and agricultural mutual insurance cooperatives operating agency. Medium-term perspective on the basis of our financial markets and the insurance market to gradually improve and develop the insurance , some organizations and institutions (mainly commercial insurance companies and foreign insurance companies) can be catastrophic, a gradual development of the agricultural insurance business. Agricultural cooperatives and agricultural mutual insurance insurance agent can be part of national agricultural catastrophe insurance, commercial insurance companies and foreign insurance companies, agricultural catastrophe insurance products. In the long run, China should adjust to all resources in society, by national policies of agricultural catastrophe insurance, commercial insurance companies, foreign insurance companies, agricultural cooperatives and agricultural insurance mutual insurance companies came together to form a relatively complete system of agricultural Catastrophe Insurance .
1、农业巨灾保险准公共物品的属性决定了商业保险公司主导的农业灾保险开展有一定的难度,政府的介入与政策支持是开展农业巨灾保险的必要条件。且政府应该在易发生农业巨灾的区域实行”强制性”的要求所有农户参与农业巨灾保险。
2、通过对我国农业巨灾保险现状的研究发现,我国农业巨灾保险的损失补偿水平很低、损失不堪重负、农业保险产品规避或严格限制农业巨灾风险、经营主体缺失和农业巨灾风险管理不合理等是我国农业巨灾保险的现状。研究表明,系统性风险、信息不对称和正外部性是各国农业巨灾保险面临的困难和问题。
3、通过对发达国家农业巨灾保险制度的研究发现,各国政府在农业巨灾保险中均起到支配和导向的作用,高度重视农业巨灾保险在国民经济中的重要作用,为农业巨灾保险提供必要的财政支持,强制或鼓励农民参与农业巨灾保险,并建立法律保障。但各国农业巨灾的具体模式根据本国情况各不相同。这些都为我国建立合理的农业巨灾保险制度提供了有益的启示。
4、本文评价了现有的4种政府主导下的政策性农业巨灾保险模式的优缺点。并设计了不同时期我国农业巨灾保险的模式:短期内我国政策性农业巨灾保险的制度模式应该选择由政府主办并由政府组织直接经营。部分发达地区也可以考虑把其部分农业巨灾保险业务委托给商业农业保险公司、农业保险合作社和农业相互保险公司代办经营。中期展望在我国金融市场和保险市场逐步完善和发展的基础上,我国部分保险组织和机构(主要是商业保险公司和外资保险公司)可以逐步开展农业巨灾保险业务。农业保险合作社和农业相互保险公司可以部分代理国家农业巨灾保险公司、商业保险公司和外资保险公司的农业巨灾保险产品。从长期来看,我国农业巨灾保险应该调整社会一切资源,由国家政策农业巨灾保险公司、商业保险公司、外资保险公司、农业保险合作社和农业相互保险公司共同组成了一个比较完整的农业巨灾保险体系。
China is a huge agricultural country, which has so much natural disaster. Agricultural catastrophes have huge negative impacts on agricultural production and even the whole economy of our country. insurance accord with the socialization and mercerization trend of catastrophe risk management. . However, the business of agricultural insurance is always in the state of inefficient, following the trend of depauperate in China. Most of the loss is taken by the peasants and relived by the government budget. For the development of agriculture, we hunger to build the scientific agricultura catastrophes insruance institution mode to manage the catastrophe risk., this paper aims to design the model of angricultural catastrophes insurance acorrding our agricultural insurance actual condition, Fundamentally change the face of China's current agricultural catastrophe relief passive situation, to promote and improve China's insurance system and institution-building to adapt to the integration of the global insurance market, China's insurance market to enhance competitiveness. hethinking of research herein is, In this paper, the agricultural catastrophe insurance model based on theoretical analysis, the status quo from an agricultural catastrophe insurance start an analysis of catastrophe insurance in China's agriculture of the reasons for deficiencies, combined with China's agricultural catastrophe the actual situation of risk management,cooperation in the government and the market on the basis of the feasibility of agricultural catastrophe insurance. Of foreign agricultural catastrophe insurance from practical experience, put forward China's agricultural catastrophe insurance model. The main conclusions are as follows:
1、Agricultural Catastrophe Insurance quasi-public goods determines the properties of the leading commercial insurance companies to carry out agricultural disaster insurance has a certain degree of difficulty, the Government's intervention and policy support for agriculture is a necessary condition for Catastrophe Insurance. And The Government should agricultural catastrophe-prone areas of "mandatory" requirements of all rural households participate in agricultural catastrophe insurance.
2、The status of China's agricultural catastrophe insurance is that compensation levels low,heavy losses,agricultural insurance products run around or severely restricted agricultural catastrophic risks,the main body deficiencies and agricultural catastrophe risk management is unreasonable.Studies have shown that systemic risk,information asymmetry and is outside are difficulties and problems of every national agricultural catastrophic insurance.
3、Through catastrophe insurance system in agriculture in developed countries found that governments in the agricultural catastrophe insurance has played in both the dominant and leading role in catastrophe insurance attaches great importance to agriculture in the national economy an important role in the provision of agricultural Catastrophe Insurance the necessary financial support, to compel or encourage farmers to participate in agricultural catastrophe insurance, and the establishment of legal protection. However, the specific national agricultural catastrophe model according to its national conditions vary. These are for our country to establish a rational agricultural catastrophe insurance system provides a useful insight.
4、In this paper, we evaluate the the advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of model of angricultural catastrophes insurance under the government-led policy of agriculture catastrophe insurance, and design China's agricultural catastrophe insurance model in the different periods. Short-term policy of China's agricultural catastrophe insurance system model should be chosen by the government-sponsored directly by the governmental organizations. Some developed areas can also be considered part of their agricultural catastrophe insurance business entrusted to the commercial agricultural insurance, agricultural insurance and agricultural mutual insurance cooperatives operating agency. Medium-term perspective on the basis of our financial markets and the insurance market to gradually improve and develop the insurance , some organizations and institutions (mainly commercial insurance companies and foreign insurance companies) can be catastrophic, a gradual development of the agricultural insurance business. Agricultural cooperatives and agricultural mutual insurance insurance agent can be part of national agricultural catastrophe insurance, commercial insurance companies and foreign insurance companies, agricultural catastrophe insurance products. In the long run, China should adjust to all resources in society, by national policies of agricultural catastrophe insurance, commercial insurance companies, foreign insurance companies, agricultural cooperatives and agricultural insurance mutual insurance companies came together to form a relatively complete system of agricultural Catastrophe Insurance .
引文
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