二氧化碳跨临界制冷循环性能分析及微通道气体冷却器的研究
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摘要
CFCs替代的首要原因是因为它们破坏臭氧层,对于臭氧层没有破坏力的HFC类工质,成为替代CFCs的重要工质。HFCs虽然不破坏臭氧层,但它们化学性稳定,释放后能够积累,这最终导致明显的温室效应,逐步淘汰消耗破坏臭氧层物质和温室效应物质,重新考虑自然工质制冷已经成为一项国际责任。
从跨临界二氧化碳循环理论的提出到现在只有十几年的时间,但其一直都是国内外自然工质研究的重点和热点。许多理论和实验研究都表明跨临界二氧化碳制冷循环有广阔的前景,同时也存在一些尚需解决的问题。本文以二氧化碳跨临界循环的性能为研究对象,并对二氧化碳的气体冷却器进行了数值计算的研究和仿真。
首先从环境保护和可持续发展出发,阐述了回归自然,保护环境的必要,制冷剂的应用对环境的影响不容忽视,出于对人类生存环境的保护,应该重新启用二氧化碳作为新型制冷剂。立足于新型制冷和热泵循环装置中应用自然制冷剂二氧化碳的研究,分析二氧化碳跨临界循环在空调系统中应用的实际问题,包括蒸发器出口温度对系统性能的影响、气体冷却器出口温度对系统性能的影响、高压侧最高压力对系统性能的影响,以及双级压缩制冷循环的性能,气体冷却器的优化设计,验证了模型的正确性,为二氧化碳跨临界循环在空调中的应用提供理论依据。努力提高二氧化碳制冷循环的循环性能系数,增强二氧化碳跨临界循环系统的竞争力,推动二氧化碳制冷剂的实际应用,以替代各种环害工质,从根本上解决臭氧层破坏和温室效应问题。最后介绍了本论文的主要研究内容、研究目的和意义。
The primary reason for CFCs alternative is that they damage the ozone layer, no destructive type refrigerant for the ozone layer HFCs become important and alternative CFCs refrigerants. HFCs don't damage the ozone layer, but their chemical stability and post-release can accumulate, which eventually led to significant greenhouse effect. The phase-out of ozone depleting substances and greenhouse damage substances, natural refrigerants reconsidered have become an international responsibility.
From transcritical carbon dioxide cycle theory proposed up to now only 10 years, it always has been the focus and hot of the qualitative study at home and abroad. Many theoretical and experimental studies have indicated that transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle is a very vast prospects .At the same time there are also some problems to be resolved. This paper about transcritical carbon dioxide cycle performance study, and the carbon dioxide gas cooler has been calculated research and simulation.
First, the environmental protection and sustainable development base on a return to nature. Second, the need to protect the environment and the application of refrigerant environmental impact should not be overlooked. Out of the human environment protection, carbon dioxide should be re-opened as a new refrigerant. Based on new refrigeration and heat pump applications, the natural cycle of carbon dioxide refrigerant research and analysis transcritical carbon dioxide in the air-conditioning system are the real issues, including evaporator outlet temperature effects on system performance, cooler gas exit temperature effects on system performance, the maximum pressure on the high side effects on system performance, as well as two-stage compression refrigeration cycle performance. Optimization of gas cooler design, verification of the correctness of the model for transcritical carbon dioxide cycle in the application of air conditioning and supplying a theoretical basis. Improving the carbon dioxide cycle refrigeration performance coefficient, enhancing the competitiveness of the transcritical carbon dioxide circulatory system, promoting the practical application of the carbon dioxide refrigerant as a substitute for various environment harm refrigerants, and fundamentally solve the problem of the greenhouse effect and the destruction of the ozone layer. Finally, this paper introduces the main contents, purpose and significance.
从跨临界二氧化碳循环理论的提出到现在只有十几年的时间,但其一直都是国内外自然工质研究的重点和热点。许多理论和实验研究都表明跨临界二氧化碳制冷循环有广阔的前景,同时也存在一些尚需解决的问题。本文以二氧化碳跨临界循环的性能为研究对象,并对二氧化碳的气体冷却器进行了数值计算的研究和仿真。
首先从环境保护和可持续发展出发,阐述了回归自然,保护环境的必要,制冷剂的应用对环境的影响不容忽视,出于对人类生存环境的保护,应该重新启用二氧化碳作为新型制冷剂。立足于新型制冷和热泵循环装置中应用自然制冷剂二氧化碳的研究,分析二氧化碳跨临界循环在空调系统中应用的实际问题,包括蒸发器出口温度对系统性能的影响、气体冷却器出口温度对系统性能的影响、高压侧最高压力对系统性能的影响,以及双级压缩制冷循环的性能,气体冷却器的优化设计,验证了模型的正确性,为二氧化碳跨临界循环在空调中的应用提供理论依据。努力提高二氧化碳制冷循环的循环性能系数,增强二氧化碳跨临界循环系统的竞争力,推动二氧化碳制冷剂的实际应用,以替代各种环害工质,从根本上解决臭氧层破坏和温室效应问题。最后介绍了本论文的主要研究内容、研究目的和意义。
The primary reason for CFCs alternative is that they damage the ozone layer, no destructive type refrigerant for the ozone layer HFCs become important and alternative CFCs refrigerants. HFCs don't damage the ozone layer, but their chemical stability and post-release can accumulate, which eventually led to significant greenhouse effect. The phase-out of ozone depleting substances and greenhouse damage substances, natural refrigerants reconsidered have become an international responsibility.
From transcritical carbon dioxide cycle theory proposed up to now only 10 years, it always has been the focus and hot of the qualitative study at home and abroad. Many theoretical and experimental studies have indicated that transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle is a very vast prospects .At the same time there are also some problems to be resolved. This paper about transcritical carbon dioxide cycle performance study, and the carbon dioxide gas cooler has been calculated research and simulation.
First, the environmental protection and sustainable development base on a return to nature. Second, the need to protect the environment and the application of refrigerant environmental impact should not be overlooked. Out of the human environment protection, carbon dioxide should be re-opened as a new refrigerant. Based on new refrigeration and heat pump applications, the natural cycle of carbon dioxide refrigerant research and analysis transcritical carbon dioxide in the air-conditioning system are the real issues, including evaporator outlet temperature effects on system performance, cooler gas exit temperature effects on system performance, the maximum pressure on the high side effects on system performance, as well as two-stage compression refrigeration cycle performance. Optimization of gas cooler design, verification of the correctness of the model for transcritical carbon dioxide cycle in the application of air conditioning and supplying a theoretical basis. Improving the carbon dioxide cycle refrigeration performance coefficient, enhancing the competitiveness of the transcritical carbon dioxide circulatory system, promoting the practical application of the carbon dioxide refrigerant as a substitute for various environment harm refrigerants, and fundamentally solve the problem of the greenhouse effect and the destruction of the ozone layer. Finally, this paper introduces the main contents, purpose and significance.
引文
【1】丁国良. CO2制冷技术新发展. 制冷空调与电力机械,2002(2):1～6
【2】马一太,杨俊兰,管海清,卢苇.二氧化碳跨临界循环放热过程换热性能研究.流体机械,2004(7):41～45
【3】杨亮,丁国良,黄冬平,张春路.超临界二氧化碳流动和换热研究进展. 制冷学报,2003(2):51～56
【4】刘卫华.制冷空调新技术及进展.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
【5】王如竹,丁国良.制冷空调新技术进展.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003
【6】丁国良.制冷空调新工质-热物理性质的计算方法与实用图表.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003
【7】宋绍峰.制冷工质的环保明星—二氧化碳.节能环保,2006(10):20～22
【8】季建刚,黎立新,蒋维钢.跨临界循环二氧化碳制冷系统研究进展.机电设备,2002(4)23～27
【9】马一太,魏东,王景刚.国内外自然工质研究现状与发展趋势. 暖通空调,2003(1)41～46
【10】简弃非, 林华和, 潘伟东.跨临界二氧化碳制冷技术现状研究.制冷,2006(2)25～29
【11】吕静. 二氧化碳跨临界循环及换热特性的研究(博士论文).天津大学.2005
【12】Friedrich KauP. Determination of the optimum high pressure for transcritical CO2-refrigeration cycles.Int. J.Therm.Sci.1999(38): 325～330
【13】S.M.Liao,T.S..Zhao,A.Jakobsen .A correlation of optimal heat rejection pressures in transcritical carbon dioxide cycles. Applied Thermal Engineering.2000(20):831～841
【14】申维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学(第三版)北京:高等教育出版社.2003
【15】何雅玲.
【16】马一太,王侃宏,杨昭,吕灿仁.二氧化碳跨临界循环高压侧压力控制的热力学分析.工程热物理学报.2000(5):537～541
【17】Amir Fartaj,David S-K. Ting,Wendy W.Yang. Second law analysis of the transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle. Energy Conversion and Management.2004(45):2269～2281
【18】刘军朴, 陈江平, 陈芝久. CO2 跨临界两级压缩制冷循环热力学分析. 上海交通大学学报.2002 (10):1393～1396
【19】Man-Hoe,Kim Jostein Pettersen,Clark W. Bullard. Fundamental process and system design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems.Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2004(30):119～174
【20】陈建友,邬志敏,张华,彭云丰. CO2汽车空调系统紧凑式换热器的发展.制冷空调与电力机械. 2001(1):9～12
【21】邓建强,姜培学,石润富.跨临界CO2汽车空调微通道气体冷却器的设计开发.制冷空调.2005(4): 51～55
【22】付萌. 超临界二氧化碳在套管内流动换热的实验研究和数值模拟(硕士论文).天津商业大学.2007
【23】Jian Min Yin,Clerk M.Bullard,Predrag S.Hrnjak.International Journal of Refrigeration. 2001(24):692～701
【24】黄冬平,梁贞潜,丁国良,张春路.基于模型的二氧化碳微通道气体冷却器性能分析.化工学报. 2002(8):832～835
【25】饶政华,廖胜明.二氧化碳为通道气体冷却器的数值仿真与性能优化. 化工学报.2005(9):1721～1726
【26】黎立新,季建刚,张后雷.二氧化碳制冷系统气体冷却器设计.流体机械.2002(30):197～199
【27】杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社.2002
【28】史美中,王中铮.热交换器原理与设计.南京:东南大学出版社.2003
【29】Pitla S S, et al.New correlation for heat transfer coefficient during in-tube cooling of super critical carbon dioxide. Gustav Lorentzen Conference at Purdue University.2000.
【30】J.Sarkar,Souvik Bhattacharyya,M.Ram Gopal.Simulation of a transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle for simultaneous cooling and heating applications. International Journal of Refrigeration.2006(29):735～743
【31】S.M. Liao, T.S. Zhao. An experimental investigation of convection heat transfer to supercritical carbon dioxide in miniature tubes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.2002(45):5025～5034
【32】Seok Ho Yoon,Ju Hyok Kim,Yun Wook Hwang,Mm Soo Kim,Kyoungdoug Min,Yongchan Kim. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics during the in-tube cooling process of carbon dioxide in the supercritical region. International Journal of Refrigeration.2003(26):857～ 864
【33】S.A. Klein. Engineering Equation Solver for Microsoft Windows Operating Systems. Commercial and Professional Versions.2007
【2】马一太,杨俊兰,管海清,卢苇.二氧化碳跨临界循环放热过程换热性能研究.流体机械,2004(7):41～45
【3】杨亮,丁国良,黄冬平,张春路.超临界二氧化碳流动和换热研究进展. 制冷学报,2003(2):51～56
【4】刘卫华.制冷空调新技术及进展.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
【5】王如竹,丁国良.制冷空调新技术进展.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003
【6】丁国良.制冷空调新工质-热物理性质的计算方法与实用图表.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003
【7】宋绍峰.制冷工质的环保明星—二氧化碳.节能环保,2006(10):20～22
【8】季建刚,黎立新,蒋维钢.跨临界循环二氧化碳制冷系统研究进展.机电设备,2002(4)23～27
【9】马一太,魏东,王景刚.国内外自然工质研究现状与发展趋势. 暖通空调,2003(1)41～46
【10】简弃非, 林华和, 潘伟东.跨临界二氧化碳制冷技术现状研究.制冷,2006(2)25～29
【11】吕静. 二氧化碳跨临界循环及换热特性的研究(博士论文).天津大学.2005
【12】Friedrich KauP. Determination of the optimum high pressure for transcritical CO2-refrigeration cycles.Int. J.Therm.Sci.1999(38): 325～330
【13】S.M.Liao,T.S..Zhao,A.Jakobsen .A correlation of optimal heat rejection pressures in transcritical carbon dioxide cycles. Applied Thermal Engineering.2000(20):831～841
【14】申维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学(第三版)北京:高等教育出版社.2003
【15】何雅玲.
【16】马一太,王侃宏,杨昭,吕灿仁.二氧化碳跨临界循环高压侧压力控制的热力学分析.工程热物理学报.2000(5):537～541
【17】Amir Fartaj,David S-K. Ting,Wendy W.Yang. Second law analysis of the transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle. Energy Conversion and Management.2004(45):2269～2281
【18】刘军朴, 陈江平, 陈芝久. CO2 跨临界两级压缩制冷循环热力学分析. 上海交通大学学报.2002 (10):1393～1396
【19】Man-Hoe,Kim Jostein Pettersen,Clark W. Bullard. Fundamental process and system design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems.Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2004(30):119～174
【20】陈建友,邬志敏,张华,彭云丰. CO2汽车空调系统紧凑式换热器的发展.制冷空调与电力机械. 2001(1):9～12
【21】邓建强,姜培学,石润富.跨临界CO2汽车空调微通道气体冷却器的设计开发.制冷空调.2005(4): 51～55
【22】付萌. 超临界二氧化碳在套管内流动换热的实验研究和数值模拟(硕士论文).天津商业大学.2007
【23】Jian Min Yin,Clerk M.Bullard,Predrag S.Hrnjak.International Journal of Refrigeration. 2001(24):692～701
【24】黄冬平,梁贞潜,丁国良,张春路.基于模型的二氧化碳微通道气体冷却器性能分析.化工学报. 2002(8):832～835
【25】饶政华,廖胜明.二氧化碳为通道气体冷却器的数值仿真与性能优化. 化工学报.2005(9):1721～1726
【26】黎立新,季建刚,张后雷.二氧化碳制冷系统气体冷却器设计.流体机械.2002(30):197～199
【27】杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社.2002
【28】史美中,王中铮.热交换器原理与设计.南京:东南大学出版社.2003
【29】Pitla S S, et al.New correlation for heat transfer coefficient during in-tube cooling of super critical carbon dioxide. Gustav Lorentzen Conference at Purdue University.2000.
【30】J.Sarkar,Souvik Bhattacharyya,M.Ram Gopal.Simulation of a transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle for simultaneous cooling and heating applications. International Journal of Refrigeration.2006(29):735～743
【31】S.M. Liao, T.S. Zhao. An experimental investigation of convection heat transfer to supercritical carbon dioxide in miniature tubes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.2002(45):5025～5034
【32】Seok Ho Yoon,Ju Hyok Kim,Yun Wook Hwang,Mm Soo Kim,Kyoungdoug Min,Yongchan Kim. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics during the in-tube cooling process of carbon dioxide in the supercritical region. International Journal of Refrigeration.2003(26):857～ 864
【33】S.A. Klein. Engineering Equation Solver for Microsoft Windows Operating Systems. Commercial and Professional Versions.2007
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