山西省太岳山油松人工林光合特性的研究
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摘要
论文利用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪对太岳山油松人工林进行以下研究：一、生长季不同时期影响油松光合作用的关键生态因子；二、油松人工林冠层针叶光合特性的空间异质性；三、人工抚育干扰对油松人工林针叶光合作用的影响。研究结果表明：
(1)在生长季不同时期影响油松光合作用的关键生态因子不同。关键生态因子生长季前期是大气相对湿度、光合有效辐射和气孔导度影响,生长季中期是气孔导度,生长季后期是胞间CO2浓度。
(2)油松针叶的光响应曲线和CO2响应曲线表明：受到冠层部位、叶龄以及坡向等因素影响,净光合速率(Pn)、光饱和点(PLS)、光补偿点(PLC)、暗呼吸(Rd)、表观量子效率(α)存在差异。随着冠层部位下降,大多数光合生理特征指标表现出递减的趋势；叶龄增加,表现出相同趋势。阴坡油松,针叶表现出表观量子效率、最大净光合速率(Pmax)较阳坡油松高；阳坡油松,针叶表现出较高的光饱和点、光补偿点、暗呼吸和CO2羧化效率。
(3)油松人工林叶片光合特征对环境因子变化的生理响应表明：抚育干扰后环境因子(光照强度、空气相对湿度、大气温度、大气CO2浓度)日变化均呈现“单峰”曲线,研究表明光照是限制油松净光合速率的关键因子(p<0.01)。人工抚育干扰后,最大净光合速率、净光合速率日均值、暗呼吸、光饱和点、光补偿点均大于对照组,其中光饱和点、最大净光合速率、净光合速率日均值中等强度抚育干扰下最大,且暗呼吸值、光补偿点中等强度抚育干扰下变化最小。表观量子效率、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量三种强度干扰下均小于对照组,并且中等强度干扰下最大。人工抚育对油松人工林光合作用影响的研究,对研究不同的森林经营方式下,实现人工林经济效益最大化和生态效益最大化具有重要意义。冠层光合特性的空间异质性研究,对于在冠层水平上揭示植物固碳能力和估算植物生产力具有很重要的意义。
Using Li-6400portable photosynthesis to study on Photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation of Taiyue Mountain, the study content as follow:First, The key ecological factors that have affect on photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis during different periods; Second, spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis canopy; Third, The Artificial tending effect on photosynthesis of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation. The results of studies show:
(1) The key ecological factors that have affect on photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis were different within different periods, the prior period was mainly impacted by atmospheric relative humidity, photosynthetic available radiation and stomatal conductance; stomatal conductance was the key factor in the middle term, the late period was mainly restricted by the CO2concentration of Intercellular.
(2) Pinus tabulaeformis needles of different canopy positions and leafages were measured and relevant light and CO2response curves were produced, the results showed that canopy positions, leafages and sides had effects on the physiological indices including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point(LCP), dark respiration(Rd) and apparent quantum efficiency (a).Moreover, with the drop of the canopy position, the majority of indices decreased; the increase of leaf age, the majority of indices also decreased. Pinus tabulaeformis on the shady slope showed higher a, Pmax than those on the sunny slope; while those on the sunny slope indicated greater LSP, LCP, Rd and CO2carboxylation efficiency.
(3) That leaf photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation response to the change of environment show:after artificial tending interference, the environmental factors(photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Ta), air relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric CO2concentration (Ca)) daily presente dsingle peak change, and the key factor to limit the net photosynthetic rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is light(p<0.01).Moreover, light saturation point (LSP), maximum net photosynthetic rate, the mean value of net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point(LCP) and dark respiration(Rd) of the experimental groupare greater than the control group, and under the medium level of artificial tending interference, the daily means of the first three indices are maximum, but the change of light compensation point(LCP) and dark respiration(Rd) are minimum. In addition, apparent quantum efficiency (a), Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of the experimental group are less affected than the control group, but the artificial tending interference is the most obvious one under the medium level. In summary, the study of the artificial tending interference effect on photosynthesis of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Taiyue Mountain is significance in the maximization of economic benefit and ecological benefit of plantation under different ways of forest management, the research on the spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic characteristics of the canopy could significantly contribute to reveal carbon sequestration capacity of the plant and estimate plant productivity.
(1)在生长季不同时期影响油松光合作用的关键生态因子不同。关键生态因子生长季前期是大气相对湿度、光合有效辐射和气孔导度影响,生长季中期是气孔导度,生长季后期是胞间CO2浓度。
(2)油松针叶的光响应曲线和CO2响应曲线表明：受到冠层部位、叶龄以及坡向等因素影响,净光合速率(Pn)、光饱和点(PLS)、光补偿点(PLC)、暗呼吸(Rd)、表观量子效率(α)存在差异。随着冠层部位下降,大多数光合生理特征指标表现出递减的趋势；叶龄增加,表现出相同趋势。阴坡油松,针叶表现出表观量子效率、最大净光合速率(Pmax)较阳坡油松高；阳坡油松,针叶表现出较高的光饱和点、光补偿点、暗呼吸和CO2羧化效率。
(3)油松人工林叶片光合特征对环境因子变化的生理响应表明：抚育干扰后环境因子(光照强度、空气相对湿度、大气温度、大气CO2浓度)日变化均呈现“单峰”曲线,研究表明光照是限制油松净光合速率的关键因子(p<0.01)。人工抚育干扰后,最大净光合速率、净光合速率日均值、暗呼吸、光饱和点、光补偿点均大于对照组,其中光饱和点、最大净光合速率、净光合速率日均值中等强度抚育干扰下最大,且暗呼吸值、光补偿点中等强度抚育干扰下变化最小。表观量子效率、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量三种强度干扰下均小于对照组,并且中等强度干扰下最大。人工抚育对油松人工林光合作用影响的研究,对研究不同的森林经营方式下,实现人工林经济效益最大化和生态效益最大化具有重要意义。冠层光合特性的空间异质性研究,对于在冠层水平上揭示植物固碳能力和估算植物生产力具有很重要的意义。
Using Li-6400portable photosynthesis to study on Photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation of Taiyue Mountain, the study content as follow:First, The key ecological factors that have affect on photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis during different periods; Second, spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis canopy; Third, The Artificial tending effect on photosynthesis of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation. The results of studies show:
(1) The key ecological factors that have affect on photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis were different within different periods, the prior period was mainly impacted by atmospheric relative humidity, photosynthetic available radiation and stomatal conductance; stomatal conductance was the key factor in the middle term, the late period was mainly restricted by the CO2concentration of Intercellular.
(2) Pinus tabulaeformis needles of different canopy positions and leafages were measured and relevant light and CO2response curves were produced, the results showed that canopy positions, leafages and sides had effects on the physiological indices including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point(LCP), dark respiration(Rd) and apparent quantum efficiency (a).Moreover, with the drop of the canopy position, the majority of indices decreased; the increase of leaf age, the majority of indices also decreased. Pinus tabulaeformis on the shady slope showed higher a, Pmax than those on the sunny slope; while those on the sunny slope indicated greater LSP, LCP, Rd and CO2carboxylation efficiency.
(3) That leaf photosynthetic of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation response to the change of environment show:after artificial tending interference, the environmental factors(photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Ta), air relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric CO2concentration (Ca)) daily presente dsingle peak change, and the key factor to limit the net photosynthetic rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is light(p<0.01).Moreover, light saturation point (LSP), maximum net photosynthetic rate, the mean value of net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point(LCP) and dark respiration(Rd) of the experimental groupare greater than the control group, and under the medium level of artificial tending interference, the daily means of the first three indices are maximum, but the change of light compensation point(LCP) and dark respiration(Rd) are minimum. In addition, apparent quantum efficiency (a), Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of the experimental group are less affected than the control group, but the artificial tending interference is the most obvious one under the medium level. In summary, the study of the artificial tending interference effect on photosynthesis of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Taiyue Mountain is significance in the maximization of economic benefit and ecological benefit of plantation under different ways of forest management, the research on the spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic characteristics of the canopy could significantly contribute to reveal carbon sequestration capacity of the plant and estimate plant productivity.
引文
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