村镇道路规划及几何设计相关技术研究
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摘要
截至到2006年底,我国共有人口13.1亿多,其中有7.3亿人生活在乡村。村镇道路建设作为村镇基础设施建设的重要组成部分,是直接关系到我国国民经济能否健康发展、社会能否和谐进步的重大民生问题。为了更好地进行新形势下村镇道路建设,研究村镇道路系统规划及几何设计相关技术有着非常重要的意义,对以后的村镇道路建设具有指导作用。
本文在实地调研及广泛的资料收集的基础上,对村镇道路系统规划进行了详细的论述;对村镇的交通组成进行分析,从而选定标准车型;并进一步对村镇道路几何设计相关技术指标进行一些探索性研究。主要研究成果有:
(1)对道路网密度、非直线系数、道路面积率、人均道路面积四个道路系统规划指标进行综合研究,并结合实地调研,分析计算武汉市远城区几个典型村庄的道路系统指标数值,为编制《武汉地区乡村道路建设技术标准》提供了依据,也可以供其他地区村镇道路建设时参考。
(2)通过实地调研及理论分析,认为轻型卡车将成为村镇机动车的主导车型。选取目前轻卡市场上最为常见的北汽福田时代轻卡,作为村镇道路几何设计的标准车型。
(3)巷路多为通户路,长度短、技术标准低,不适宜对行车速度进行硬性规定。在地形特别困难的地区,其最大纵坡可以达到15%。
(4)村镇道路采用一副路形式时,车行道和人行道之间宜不设置路缘石,使车行道和人行道衔接处没有高度差,交通组织更加灵活,能最大限度的满足交通需要。
最后,对研究结论进行了归纳,并对进一步的研究内容进行了展望。
By the end of 2006, the population of China was more than 1.31 billion and 700 million of which lived in rural areas. As an important part of rural infrastructure, the rural road construction is directly related to the people's livelihood problems such as the healthy development of national economy and the harmonious progress of society. In order to proceed the next round of rural road construction better, it is highly significative that research on the technology related to the planning and geometric design of rural roads, which is the guidance of future construction.
Based on the field research and comprehensive data collection, in this paper, the system planning of rural road is discussed in detail and the standard vehicles are selected by analyzing the traffic composition. Furthermore, the technical index related to the geometry design is exploratory studied. The main results are listed as follows:
(1) The density of network, non-linear coefficient, road area ratio and per capita road space of road system planning indexes were studied. Also the index value of several typical villages of Wuhan suburb were analyzed and calculated according to the filed research. The results provide the basis of compiling Technique Criterion of Wuhan Rural Road Construction as well as the reference in other areas.
(2) After the field research and theoretical analysis, the author points out the light truck will become the dominant rural mechanical vehicle and select Beiqi Foton light truck which is common seen in the market as the standard model.
(3) Most of the lane roads are linked to the doors, short, and low technical standard. Therefore, it is not appropriate to compulsively stipulate for the traveling speed. In the area of particularly difficult terrain, the maximum longitudinal could reach 15%.
(4) When the single carriageway road of rural road is used, the curb is not set between driveway and sidewalk. Because of that there is no height difference at the connection and traffic organization is more flexible which meets the need of transportation in a maximum extent.
The main conclusions are summarized and the further study’s direction is anticipated at the end of the article.
本文在实地调研及广泛的资料收集的基础上,对村镇道路系统规划进行了详细的论述;对村镇的交通组成进行分析,从而选定标准车型;并进一步对村镇道路几何设计相关技术指标进行一些探索性研究。主要研究成果有:
(1)对道路网密度、非直线系数、道路面积率、人均道路面积四个道路系统规划指标进行综合研究,并结合实地调研,分析计算武汉市远城区几个典型村庄的道路系统指标数值,为编制《武汉地区乡村道路建设技术标准》提供了依据,也可以供其他地区村镇道路建设时参考。
(2)通过实地调研及理论分析,认为轻型卡车将成为村镇机动车的主导车型。选取目前轻卡市场上最为常见的北汽福田时代轻卡,作为村镇道路几何设计的标准车型。
(3)巷路多为通户路,长度短、技术标准低,不适宜对行车速度进行硬性规定。在地形特别困难的地区,其最大纵坡可以达到15%。
(4)村镇道路采用一副路形式时,车行道和人行道之间宜不设置路缘石,使车行道和人行道衔接处没有高度差,交通组织更加灵活,能最大限度的满足交通需要。
最后,对研究结论进行了归纳,并对进一步的研究内容进行了展望。
By the end of 2006, the population of China was more than 1.31 billion and 700 million of which lived in rural areas. As an important part of rural infrastructure, the rural road construction is directly related to the people's livelihood problems such as the healthy development of national economy and the harmonious progress of society. In order to proceed the next round of rural road construction better, it is highly significative that research on the technology related to the planning and geometric design of rural roads, which is the guidance of future construction.
Based on the field research and comprehensive data collection, in this paper, the system planning of rural road is discussed in detail and the standard vehicles are selected by analyzing the traffic composition. Furthermore, the technical index related to the geometry design is exploratory studied. The main results are listed as follows:
(1) The density of network, non-linear coefficient, road area ratio and per capita road space of road system planning indexes were studied. Also the index value of several typical villages of Wuhan suburb were analyzed and calculated according to the filed research. The results provide the basis of compiling Technique Criterion of Wuhan Rural Road Construction as well as the reference in other areas.
(2) After the field research and theoretical analysis, the author points out the light truck will become the dominant rural mechanical vehicle and select Beiqi Foton light truck which is common seen in the market as the standard model.
(3) Most of the lane roads are linked to the doors, short, and low technical standard. Therefore, it is not appropriate to compulsively stipulate for the traveling speed. In the area of particularly difficult terrain, the maximum longitudinal could reach 15%.
(4) When the single carriageway road of rural road is used, the curb is not set between driveway and sidewalk. Because of that there is no height difference at the connection and traffic organization is more flexible which meets the need of transportation in a maximum extent.
The main conclusions are summarized and the further study’s direction is anticipated at the end of the article.
引文
[1]民政部.关于调整建制镇标准的报告.1984
[2]安国辉.村庄规划教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.9
[3]金兆森,张晖.村镇规划[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.8
[4]朱建达,苏群.村镇基础设施规划与建设[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.1
[5]朱建达,费忠民.小城镇基础设施规划[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002.10
[6]李新民.试论村镇道路建设[J].村镇建设,1994,(6):15-16
[7]农村公路建设标准指导意见(征求意见稿). http://www.wzjzw.com. 2007-07-25
[8] Burwell,I.,G.A.Edmonds, J.D.G. F. Howe, J. de Even (1985),Rural Transport in Development Countries,Intermediate Technology Publications,London
[9] Stanley S. Smith , Scullion. T. Development of Ground-Penetrating Radar Equipment for Detecting Pavement Condition for Preventive Ma-intendance. SHRP-H-672,1993
[10] TRL Limited.A Guide to Surface Dressing in Tropical Andsub-Tropical Countries, 2000
[11]《村镇建设技术丛书》编辑委员会.乡镇规划[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1989.12
[12]徐循初.城市道路与交通规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.9
[13]镇规划标准(GB 50188-2007).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[14]中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年(2006～2010)规划纲要,www.xinhuanet.com
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[17]中国城市规划设计院,中国建筑设计研究院,沈阳建筑工程学院.小城镇规划标准研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.6
[18]国家统计局农村社会经济调查总队.中国农村乡镇统计概要[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2000
[19] Kevin D. ,Hall Ph.D. P.E. and John W. Betties. Development of Comprehensive Low-Volume Pavement Design Procedures,2000
[20] Pant,Paroled D.,Comparative study of rural stop controlled and beacon controlled intersections, Transportation Research Record,1999
[21]陈家骆,李国凡,朱霞.小城镇建设管理手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.5
[22]崔英伟.村镇规划[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2008.2
[23]金英红,杨新海.小城镇规划建设管理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2001.6
[24]张万方.中国新农村规划建设简明实用教程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.10
[25]【美】约翰.M.利维.现代城市规划[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.3
[26]夏海山,王凌绪.苏北新农村建设现状调查及若干规划问题研究[J].规划师,2007,(4)
[27] Kenneth Remise. Condition Assessment of Transportation Infrastructure Using Ground-Penetrating Radar. Journal of infrastructure-re systems, June 1996
[28]赵钿新.农村规划设计的探索与思考[J].小城镇建设,2005,(12):32-34
[29]董艳芳,陈敏,单彦名.新农村规划设计实例[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2006.9
[30]李春亭,陈肖安.新型村庄规划与建设[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.8
[31]李爽.免OD调查的公路交通量预测方法研究[J].辽宁交通科技,2004(,3):21-22
[32] Asuncion, Jiao and Robert J. Meyer, The rational effect Consumption, Management Science,1003.Vo1.3:517-535
[33]中华人民共和国国家标准.机动车运行安全技术条件( GB 7258—2004)[S].中国国家标准化管理委员会,2004
[34]中华人民共和国国家标准.道路车辆外廓尺寸、轴载及质量限值( GB 1589—2004)[S].中国国家标准化管理委员会,2004.
[35]王志新.我国轻卡发展的特点与技术趋势[J].专用汽车,2008,(05):14-15
[36]王志新.我国轻卡发展的动因探析[J].拖拉机及农用车,2008,(10):62-64
[37]郭正康.论农用运输车的安全性能与设计[J].农业机械学报,1992,(4):54-57
[38]杨永亮.汽车下乡经济型轻卡将受益[J].商用汽车,2009,(3):63-64
[39] Transportation Association of Canada. Pavement design guide, Ottawa:TAC, 1997
[40] D. Gordon. Green Cities: Ecologically Sound A publication of the Institution of Policy Approaches to Urban Space. Canada: Alternatives of Montreal,1990
[41] Teiborlang L. Ryntathiang M. Mazumdar and B. B. Pander. Structural Behavior of Cast in Situ Concrete Block Pavement . ASCE / September 2005
[42]吴瑞麟.关于高等级道路几何设计若干问题的探讨[J].中国市政工程,1994,(4):14-16
[43] Cities in the developing world: issues, theory, and policy; edited by Josef Gurgler; publishing company: New York: Ox-ford University Press, 1997
[44] Mitchell,A.&Wood. D. Toward a Theory of stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining Theory of Stakeholder the Principle of Who and What Really Counts[J], The Academy of Management Review, 1997
[45]张良利.村镇排水工程质量控制的几点体会[J].安徽建筑,2006,(2):16-17
[46]交通部公路科学研究所,等.低造价县乡道路修筑技术的研究[Z],2004
[47]给水排水管道工程施工及验收规范(GB50268一97).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[48] Ogden, K. W. The effects of paved shoulders on accidents on rural highways, Accident Analysis and Prevention,1997
[2]安国辉.村庄规划教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.9
[3]金兆森,张晖.村镇规划[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.8
[4]朱建达,苏群.村镇基础设施规划与建设[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.1
[5]朱建达,费忠民.小城镇基础设施规划[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002.10
[6]李新民.试论村镇道路建设[J].村镇建设,1994,(6):15-16
[7]农村公路建设标准指导意见(征求意见稿). http://www.wzjzw.com. 2007-07-25
[8] Burwell,I.,G.A.Edmonds, J.D.G. F. Howe, J. de Even (1985),Rural Transport in Development Countries,Intermediate Technology Publications,London
[9] Stanley S. Smith , Scullion. T. Development of Ground-Penetrating Radar Equipment for Detecting Pavement Condition for Preventive Ma-intendance. SHRP-H-672,1993
[10] TRL Limited.A Guide to Surface Dressing in Tropical Andsub-Tropical Countries, 2000
[11]《村镇建设技术丛书》编辑委员会.乡镇规划[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1989.12
[12]徐循初.城市道路与交通规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.9
[13]镇规划标准(GB 50188-2007).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[14]中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年(2006～2010)规划纲要,www.xinhuanet.com
[15]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路工程技术标准( JTG B01—2003)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路路线设计规范( JTG D20—2006)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[17]中国城市规划设计院,中国建筑设计研究院,沈阳建筑工程学院.小城镇规划标准研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.6
[18]国家统计局农村社会经济调查总队.中国农村乡镇统计概要[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2000
[19] Kevin D. ,Hall Ph.D. P.E. and John W. Betties. Development of Comprehensive Low-Volume Pavement Design Procedures,2000
[20] Pant,Paroled D.,Comparative study of rural stop controlled and beacon controlled intersections, Transportation Research Record,1999
[21]陈家骆,李国凡,朱霞.小城镇建设管理手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.5
[22]崔英伟.村镇规划[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2008.2
[23]金英红,杨新海.小城镇规划建设管理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2001.6
[24]张万方.中国新农村规划建设简明实用教程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.10
[25]【美】约翰.M.利维.现代城市规划[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.3
[26]夏海山,王凌绪.苏北新农村建设现状调查及若干规划问题研究[J].规划师,2007,(4)
[27] Kenneth Remise. Condition Assessment of Transportation Infrastructure Using Ground-Penetrating Radar. Journal of infrastructure-re systems, June 1996
[28]赵钿新.农村规划设计的探索与思考[J].小城镇建设,2005,(12):32-34
[29]董艳芳,陈敏,单彦名.新农村规划设计实例[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2006.9
[30]李春亭,陈肖安.新型村庄规划与建设[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.8
[31]李爽.免OD调查的公路交通量预测方法研究[J].辽宁交通科技,2004(,3):21-22
[32] Asuncion, Jiao and Robert J. Meyer, The rational effect Consumption, Management Science,1003.Vo1.3:517-535
[33]中华人民共和国国家标准.机动车运行安全技术条件( GB 7258—2004)[S].中国国家标准化管理委员会,2004
[34]中华人民共和国国家标准.道路车辆外廓尺寸、轴载及质量限值( GB 1589—2004)[S].中国国家标准化管理委员会,2004.
[35]王志新.我国轻卡发展的特点与技术趋势[J].专用汽车,2008,(05):14-15
[36]王志新.我国轻卡发展的动因探析[J].拖拉机及农用车,2008,(10):62-64
[37]郭正康.论农用运输车的安全性能与设计[J].农业机械学报,1992,(4):54-57
[38]杨永亮.汽车下乡经济型轻卡将受益[J].商用汽车,2009,(3):63-64
[39] Transportation Association of Canada. Pavement design guide, Ottawa:TAC, 1997
[40] D. Gordon. Green Cities: Ecologically Sound A publication of the Institution of Policy Approaches to Urban Space. Canada: Alternatives of Montreal,1990
[41] Teiborlang L. Ryntathiang M. Mazumdar and B. B. Pander. Structural Behavior of Cast in Situ Concrete Block Pavement . ASCE / September 2005
[42]吴瑞麟.关于高等级道路几何设计若干问题的探讨[J].中国市政工程,1994,(4):14-16
[43] Cities in the developing world: issues, theory, and policy; edited by Josef Gurgler; publishing company: New York: Ox-ford University Press, 1997
[44] Mitchell,A.&Wood. D. Toward a Theory of stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining Theory of Stakeholder the Principle of Who and What Really Counts[J], The Academy of Management Review, 1997
[45]张良利.村镇排水工程质量控制的几点体会[J].安徽建筑,2006,(2):16-17
[46]交通部公路科学研究所,等.低造价县乡道路修筑技术的研究[Z],2004
[47]给水排水管道工程施工及验收规范(GB50268一97).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[48] Ogden, K. W. The effects of paved shoulders on accidents on rural highways, Accident Analysis and Prevention,1997