预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥病害原因分析及防治
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摘要
预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥在快速发展的近30多年来,特别是20世纪90年代,由于在设计、施工以及运营管理等方面存在不足和缺陷,导致了大量病害的产生,这影响了其在公路建设中的进一步推广和应用。故加深对预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥病害问题的研究,对今后的设计和施工提供有益的建议,以避免类似问题的出现,是十分必要的。有鉴于此,本文以深圳恩上立交桥主桥为工程背景,做了以下几个方面的工作:
(1)在参阅大量文献的基础上,对预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的病害发生位置、形态以及可能的原因进行了总结和初步分析,为此类桥梁的设计、施工和养护提供技术支持。
(2)本文分别采用空间有限元和平面杆系有限元对恩上桥进行了分析计算,并对两者的计算结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,和空间有限元相比,对于截面的正应力,平面杆系有限元的计算结果稍偏于不安全,但已经可以满足桥梁设计时整体计算的工程要求;而对于截面的横向受力,带有弹性约束的平面框架模型的计算结果偏于安全,能够较好的对箱梁顶板的横向应力进行简化计算。
(3)本文在理论计算的基础上,对恩上桥在施工过程中的应力状态进行了测试,并根据实测结果对桥梁应力的测试方法和测试数据的处理方法进行了研究。研究结果表明,和JTG62徐变模型、B3徐变模型相比,GL2000徐变模型更适用于节段施工桥梁结构施工阶段的徐变系数的计算。
(4)在现行规范中还没有任何条文对沥青混凝土高温摊铺所引起的桥梁结构温度场的分布进行规定,所以本文在实测数据的基础上,通过ANSYS建模,对影响沥青混凝土摊铺所形成的温度梯度的各种参数进行了分析,在分析基础上提出了沥青混凝土摊铺所引起的截面上最不利温度梯度的简化模式,可以为沥青混凝土摊铺所引起的截面应力的计算提供参考。并且在对参数分析的基础上,对防止沥青混凝土摊铺引起截面拉应力过大的措施提出了一些建议。
(5)本文在对跨中底板下缘纵向开裂的原因以及跨中底板下缘横向受力影响因素的分析基础上,分别从设计和施工角度提出了防治此类病害的建议,为以后的设计、施工提供参考。
The insufficiencies and defects in design, construction as well as operation management have caused a lot of diseases in prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge in the past 30 years, especially in the 1990s, which hampers the further application and popularization of this type of bridge in highway construction.
Therefore, in order to provide useful suggestions for design and construction, and to avoid the similar questions, it is very essential to make further research on the diseases of prestressed concrete continue box-girder bridge. Taking this into consideration, following research work has been done with Shenzhen En-Shang Bridge as the project background in this paper:
Firstly, based on many references, the cause of diseases was studied and diseases types, distributing pattern and shape feature have been summarized in this paper, which could be a technical support for the design, construction and maintenance of bridges of this type.
Secondly, Models of spatial finite element method and plane finite element method have been established to analysis En-Shang Bridge in this paper, respectively. And the comparison of analysis results shows that, as for the longitudinal stresses, the results of plane finite element method are unsafe compared to the spatial finite element. However, the results of plane finite element model are accurate enough for project request on the whole bridge computation in bridge design;As for the transverse stresses, the results of the plan frame model with elastic constraints are safer than the finite element model, and the results of the plan frame model with elastic constraints is a properly simplified method for the computation of transverse stresses in the top of box girder.
Thirdly, based on the theoretical calculation, the stress of the bridge has been tested during the construction of En-Shang Bridge, and according to the result of the tests, the test mothed of stress and test data-processing mothed are strudied in this paper.The study shows that the GL2000 creep model has better performance in the calculation of creep coefficient for the bridge built by segmental construction method, compared to the JTG62 creep model and B3 creep model.
Fourthly, in the present, there is no regulation on the temperature gradient in the box-girder bridge caused by paving of high temperature bituminous concrete.
Therefore, based on the test result of actual bridge, the parameters whichinfluence temperature gradient caused by paving of bituminous concrete are analyzedby ANSYS model in this paper.And according to the results of parameter analysis,some measures which can be used to prevent the excess tensile stress caused bypaving of bituminous concrete are proposed in this paper, and based on that, atemperature gradient model is also proposed in this paper, which can be a referencefor the stress calculation caused by paving of bituminous concrete in the box section.
Lastly, based on the anlysis of the causes of crack and the parameter whichinfluence the stress on the bottom of the box girder at mid-span, some measures forpreventing such cracks are proposed in this paper, which could be a reference forlater bridge design and construction.
(1)在参阅大量文献的基础上,对预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的病害发生位置、形态以及可能的原因进行了总结和初步分析,为此类桥梁的设计、施工和养护提供技术支持。
(2)本文分别采用空间有限元和平面杆系有限元对恩上桥进行了分析计算,并对两者的计算结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,和空间有限元相比,对于截面的正应力,平面杆系有限元的计算结果稍偏于不安全,但已经可以满足桥梁设计时整体计算的工程要求;而对于截面的横向受力,带有弹性约束的平面框架模型的计算结果偏于安全,能够较好的对箱梁顶板的横向应力进行简化计算。
(3)本文在理论计算的基础上,对恩上桥在施工过程中的应力状态进行了测试,并根据实测结果对桥梁应力的测试方法和测试数据的处理方法进行了研究。研究结果表明,和JTG62徐变模型、B3徐变模型相比,GL2000徐变模型更适用于节段施工桥梁结构施工阶段的徐变系数的计算。
(4)在现行规范中还没有任何条文对沥青混凝土高温摊铺所引起的桥梁结构温度场的分布进行规定,所以本文在实测数据的基础上,通过ANSYS建模,对影响沥青混凝土摊铺所形成的温度梯度的各种参数进行了分析,在分析基础上提出了沥青混凝土摊铺所引起的截面上最不利温度梯度的简化模式,可以为沥青混凝土摊铺所引起的截面应力的计算提供参考。并且在对参数分析的基础上,对防止沥青混凝土摊铺引起截面拉应力过大的措施提出了一些建议。
(5)本文在对跨中底板下缘纵向开裂的原因以及跨中底板下缘横向受力影响因素的分析基础上,分别从设计和施工角度提出了防治此类病害的建议,为以后的设计、施工提供参考。
The insufficiencies and defects in design, construction as well as operation management have caused a lot of diseases in prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge in the past 30 years, especially in the 1990s, which hampers the further application and popularization of this type of bridge in highway construction.
Therefore, in order to provide useful suggestions for design and construction, and to avoid the similar questions, it is very essential to make further research on the diseases of prestressed concrete continue box-girder bridge. Taking this into consideration, following research work has been done with Shenzhen En-Shang Bridge as the project background in this paper:
Firstly, based on many references, the cause of diseases was studied and diseases types, distributing pattern and shape feature have been summarized in this paper, which could be a technical support for the design, construction and maintenance of bridges of this type.
Secondly, Models of spatial finite element method and plane finite element method have been established to analysis En-Shang Bridge in this paper, respectively. And the comparison of analysis results shows that, as for the longitudinal stresses, the results of plane finite element method are unsafe compared to the spatial finite element. However, the results of plane finite element model are accurate enough for project request on the whole bridge computation in bridge design;As for the transverse stresses, the results of the plan frame model with elastic constraints are safer than the finite element model, and the results of the plan frame model with elastic constraints is a properly simplified method for the computation of transverse stresses in the top of box girder.
Thirdly, based on the theoretical calculation, the stress of the bridge has been tested during the construction of En-Shang Bridge, and according to the result of the tests, the test mothed of stress and test data-processing mothed are strudied in this paper.The study shows that the GL2000 creep model has better performance in the calculation of creep coefficient for the bridge built by segmental construction method, compared to the JTG62 creep model and B3 creep model.
Fourthly, in the present, there is no regulation on the temperature gradient in the box-girder bridge caused by paving of high temperature bituminous concrete.
Therefore, based on the test result of actual bridge, the parameters whichinfluence temperature gradient caused by paving of bituminous concrete are analyzedby ANSYS model in this paper.And according to the results of parameter analysis,some measures which can be used to prevent the excess tensile stress caused bypaving of bituminous concrete are proposed in this paper, and based on that, atemperature gradient model is also proposed in this paper, which can be a referencefor the stress calculation caused by paving of bituminous concrete in the box section.
Lastly, based on the anlysis of the causes of crack and the parameter whichinfluence the stress on the bottom of the box girder at mid-span, some measures forpreventing such cracks are proposed in this paper, which could be a reference forlater bridge design and construction.
引文
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