双预应力混凝土梁理论与试验研究
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摘要
双预应力混凝土梁是由预拉应力与预压应力共同作用在混凝土截面上形成的一种预应力混凝土结构。这种结构体系能有效降低简支梁的梁高,提高承载力。国际、国内的研究大都集中在锚固系统及施工工艺,对于构件工作性能,尤其是构件的疲劳性能的研究较少。本文做了如下主要工作:
1.系统研究了先压法、后压法双预应力混凝土构件的施工工艺,通过双预应力混凝土试验用模型梁的制作,总结了两种施工工艺的施工要点,进行了施工阶段构件反拱值控制研究、预应力损失和锚固体系有效性研究。
2.进行了四根先压法双预应力混凝土梁、一根后压法双预应力混凝土梁和一根普通预应力混凝土对比梁的静载试验,量测了模型梁的挠度、梁端转角、截面混凝土的应变、预压钢管与混凝土的协调变形情况等参数,分析研究了双预应力混凝土梁的承载能力、刚度、裂缝、预压钢筋(钢管)与梁体混凝土的协调变形情况及梁体的弹性恢复性能。
3.进行了一根双预应力混凝土梁的疲劳性能试验,分析了疲劳荷载对双预应力混凝土梁刚度、承载力、应变的影响。
4.建立了先压法、后压法双预应力混凝土构件计算的有限元模型,分析了双预应力混凝土梁在施工阶段、使用阶段的力学特性。
研究结果表明:
本研究设计的先压法拉筋-压管系统和后压法锚固系统工作可靠;先压法双预应力混凝土梁钢管顶压过程预应力损失最大为0.12σcon、预应力施加完成反拱为0.031%L;后压法梁体预压钢筋应力损失值为( 0 .3~ 04)σcon;双预应力混凝土梁与普通预应力梁相比,能有效降低梁高,但梁高的降低会导致梁体刚度下降;试验结束卸载,梁体挠度、裂缝基本恢复,表现了双预应力混凝土梁良好的弹性恢复能力;疲劳荷载导致了梁体刚度退化、开裂荷载降低、裂缝开展较密、中性轴上移;有限元模拟与试验成果基本吻合。
The Bi-prestressed concrete beam is a kind of pre-stressed concrete structure which is caused by the combination of concrete with pre-tensioned and pre-compressed stress.Applying this kind of structure system, the height of simple supported beam could be effectively reduced while the bearing capacity could be enhanced. International and domestic research concentrates more on the anchor system and the construction craft, and less on component performance, scarcely any research on the Bi-prestressed concrete fatigue properties. Based on a great deal of reference in such study field, this article has done the following work.
1. After a systematic study on the construction craft of the pre-compressive method and the post-compressive method of the Bi-prestressed concrete component, according to the Bi-prestressed concrete model production, two important aspects of the construction process are summed up, also carried out are study on component of the anti-arch control during construction stage, loss of the pre-stress and effectiveness of the anchoring system.
2. Finished is the static load test on the first four Bi-prestressed concrete beams with pre-compressive method, and also on comparison between a Bi-prestressed concrete beams with post-compressive method and a normal concrete beam. Parameters such as the deflection of the model beam, the turning angle of beam end, the strain of concrete section, the coordinate deformation between the pre- compressive steel pipe and the concrete are measured. Also bearing capacity of the bi-Brestressed concrete beams, rigidity, crack, coordination deformation between pre-stressed steel (steel pipe) and beam concrete, and the elastic restore performance are analyzed.
3. Fatigue performance test on a Bi-prestressed concrete beam is made, and also analyzed is the influence of the fatigue load on rigidity, bearing capacity, strain of the Bi-prestressed Concrete beam.
4. Finite Element Models on the Bi-prestressed components with the pre-compressive method and the post-compressive method are established, also Analyzed are mechanical properties between two construction crafts of the Bi-prestressed concrete beams in the construction and usage stage.
The study indicates the followings:
The reinforcement– pressure pipe system with pre-compressive method and the anchoring system with post-compressive method designed by the study group is reliable. The stress lose value of the pre-compressive pipe in the beams with pre-compressive method is 0.12σcon,and its anti-arch is no more than 0.031%L when the pre-compress are finished, the stress lose of the pre-compressive bar in the post-compressed one is ( 0 .3 ~ 0.4)σcon; compared with normal pre-stressed beam, the Bi-prestressed concretes beam can effectively reduce height of the beam, which will lead to that the beam stiffness come down. The test on the deflection and crack with load-off shown that the beam body has been restored , which indicated fine elastic recovery ability of Bi-prestressed concretes. The fatigue test has led to characteristic such as degradation of beam stiffness, reduction of cracking load, and dense development of the crack. Effects caused by finite element method’s imitation and tests’achievement fit well, which has established a basis for finite element method analysis study of practical projects.
1.系统研究了先压法、后压法双预应力混凝土构件的施工工艺,通过双预应力混凝土试验用模型梁的制作,总结了两种施工工艺的施工要点,进行了施工阶段构件反拱值控制研究、预应力损失和锚固体系有效性研究。
2.进行了四根先压法双预应力混凝土梁、一根后压法双预应力混凝土梁和一根普通预应力混凝土对比梁的静载试验,量测了模型梁的挠度、梁端转角、截面混凝土的应变、预压钢管与混凝土的协调变形情况等参数,分析研究了双预应力混凝土梁的承载能力、刚度、裂缝、预压钢筋(钢管)与梁体混凝土的协调变形情况及梁体的弹性恢复性能。
3.进行了一根双预应力混凝土梁的疲劳性能试验,分析了疲劳荷载对双预应力混凝土梁刚度、承载力、应变的影响。
4.建立了先压法、后压法双预应力混凝土构件计算的有限元模型,分析了双预应力混凝土梁在施工阶段、使用阶段的力学特性。
研究结果表明:
本研究设计的先压法拉筋-压管系统和后压法锚固系统工作可靠;先压法双预应力混凝土梁钢管顶压过程预应力损失最大为0.12σcon、预应力施加完成反拱为0.031%L;后压法梁体预压钢筋应力损失值为( 0 .3~ 04)σcon;双预应力混凝土梁与普通预应力梁相比,能有效降低梁高,但梁高的降低会导致梁体刚度下降;试验结束卸载,梁体挠度、裂缝基本恢复,表现了双预应力混凝土梁良好的弹性恢复能力;疲劳荷载导致了梁体刚度退化、开裂荷载降低、裂缝开展较密、中性轴上移;有限元模拟与试验成果基本吻合。
The Bi-prestressed concrete beam is a kind of pre-stressed concrete structure which is caused by the combination of concrete with pre-tensioned and pre-compressed stress.Applying this kind of structure system, the height of simple supported beam could be effectively reduced while the bearing capacity could be enhanced. International and domestic research concentrates more on the anchor system and the construction craft, and less on component performance, scarcely any research on the Bi-prestressed concrete fatigue properties. Based on a great deal of reference in such study field, this article has done the following work.
1. After a systematic study on the construction craft of the pre-compressive method and the post-compressive method of the Bi-prestressed concrete component, according to the Bi-prestressed concrete model production, two important aspects of the construction process are summed up, also carried out are study on component of the anti-arch control during construction stage, loss of the pre-stress and effectiveness of the anchoring system.
2. Finished is the static load test on the first four Bi-prestressed concrete beams with pre-compressive method, and also on comparison between a Bi-prestressed concrete beams with post-compressive method and a normal concrete beam. Parameters such as the deflection of the model beam, the turning angle of beam end, the strain of concrete section, the coordinate deformation between the pre- compressive steel pipe and the concrete are measured. Also bearing capacity of the bi-Brestressed concrete beams, rigidity, crack, coordination deformation between pre-stressed steel (steel pipe) and beam concrete, and the elastic restore performance are analyzed.
3. Fatigue performance test on a Bi-prestressed concrete beam is made, and also analyzed is the influence of the fatigue load on rigidity, bearing capacity, strain of the Bi-prestressed Concrete beam.
4. Finite Element Models on the Bi-prestressed components with the pre-compressive method and the post-compressive method are established, also Analyzed are mechanical properties between two construction crafts of the Bi-prestressed concrete beams in the construction and usage stage.
The study indicates the followings:
The reinforcement– pressure pipe system with pre-compressive method and the anchoring system with post-compressive method designed by the study group is reliable. The stress lose value of the pre-compressive pipe in the beams with pre-compressive method is 0.12σcon,and its anti-arch is no more than 0.031%L when the pre-compress are finished, the stress lose of the pre-compressive bar in the post-compressed one is ( 0 .3 ~ 0.4)σcon; compared with normal pre-stressed beam, the Bi-prestressed concretes beam can effectively reduce height of the beam, which will lead to that the beam stiffness come down. The test on the deflection and crack with load-off shown that the beam body has been restored , which indicated fine elastic recovery ability of Bi-prestressed concretes. The fatigue test has led to characteristic such as degradation of beam stiffness, reduction of cracking load, and dense development of the crack. Effects caused by finite element method’s imitation and tests’achievement fit well, which has established a basis for finite element method analysis study of practical projects.
引文
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[2]卢树圣.现代预应力混凝土理论与应用.北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[3]李国平.预应力混凝土结构设计原理.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[4]房贞政.预应力结构理论与应用.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[5]王有志,薛云冱,张启海等.预应力混凝土结构.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999
[6]周志祥,范亮,吴海军.预应力混凝土桥梁新技术—探索与实践.北京:人民交通出版社.2005
[7]杜拱臣,现代预应力混凝土结构.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[8]浙江省工业设计院.预应力混凝土基本知识.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1974
[9]林太珍,饶宾,夏靖华等.高效预应力混凝土工程实践.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[10]赵国藩.高等钢筋混凝土结构学.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[11]林同炎,NED H.BURNS著.路湛沁,黄棠,马誉美译.预应力混凝土结构设计(第三版).北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[12] Dicleli, Murat, A Rational Design Approach for Prestressed concrete girder Integral Bridges,Engineering Structures,2000,22(3):230-245
[13]陈德容.压拉双作用PC梁设计与施工技术-赴日研修技术报告之二.公路交通科技,1990,7(2):23-35
[14]陈昌言.阿尔姆桥-第一次在桥梁工程中应用预压应力钢棒.国外桥梁,1983(1):1-8
[15]田岛武,近藤顺,横田勉.双预应力体系预应力混凝土梁的实用外试验与设计.桥梁与基础,1984(2):16-21
[16]邬妙年.上海4号线的双预应力混凝土桥.上海市公路学会第四届年会学术论文集,106-111
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