Texel与乌珠穆沁绵羊妊娠中、后期胎儿骨骼肌基因表达谱及组织学分析
|
摘要
绵羊是早熟性物种,但胎儿肌纤维增殖主要发生在妊娠的中后期。不同品种绵羊肌肉生长潜力的差异主要取决于其胎儿期的肌纤维增殖情况。本研究以两个骨骼肌表型差异明显的Texel和乌珠穆沁绵羊为实验对象,在它们妊娠的70,85,100,120和135日龄,应用专门化的绵羊oligo DNA微阵列芯片,对其胎儿的背最长肌基因表达谱进行分析,从转录组水平揭示两种不同表型绵羊的内在差异。同时,应用组织学方法对每个品种羊11个骨骼肌组织的生长发育和肌纤维表型进行了分析。主要实验结果如下:
1. Texel与乌珠穆沁绵羊胎儿体重与骨骼肌发育学变化
在胎儿70至100日龄阶段,Texel羊体重极显著大于乌珠穆沁胎羊(P<0.01);120和135日龄阶段品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。两品种绵羊的各个骨骼肌组织生长发育差异具有时段特征。85日龄,半膜肌,背最长肌,股四头肌,臀中肌与趾浅屈肌重量,Texel显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)大于乌珠穆沁;至100日龄阶段, 12个骨骼肌组织生长发育的差异达到最大(P<0.05或P<0.01),Texel羊占有绝对优势;发育至120和135日龄阶段,仅冈下肌的生长发育在Texel还保持优势(P<0.05);其余11个骨骼肌生长发育在品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。85与100日龄阶段骨骼肌发育上的这种优势特征为Texel出生后高的肌肉生长发育潜力奠定了物质基础。
两品种羊胎儿骨骼肌生长发育模式存在一定的差异。肌纤维横截面积发育性变化趋势相似;肌纤维数和密度在不同部位的肌肉有着不同的特征性生长曲线。按骨骼肌纤维的生长发育模式主要分为四类:①背最长肌,腓肠肌,半腱肌,臀中肌和臂三头肌在两品种都有明显的肌纤维增殖,但品种间的增殖时间点不同。②半膜肌,股四头肌和臀股二头肌,在Texel羊有明显的新肌纤维生成,而乌珠穆沁羊未观察到。③内收肌和冈下肌在乌珠穆沁羊有明显的新肌纤维生成,而Texel羊未观察到。④在乌珠穆沁与Texel羊均未观察到冈上肌有明显的新肌纤维生成。
2. Texel与乌珠穆沁绵羊妊娠中、后期胎儿背最长肌基因表达谱分析
(1)品种内整个发育阶段基因表达变化。在骨骼肌发育过程中,Texel与乌珠穆沁羊品种内差异基因的功能分类基本相似,主要包括以下几个生物学过程:代谢,转运,细胞通信,外部刺激反应,细胞死亡,形态发生,转录调节,细胞增殖,细胞过程的调节和细胞分化。差异基因所参与的生物学过程存在品种特异性:Texel特异性地富集与DNA,RNA和基因表达调控以及细胞增殖相关的基因;而乌珠穆沁则特异性地富集与脂肪合成代谢,肌肉发育,免疫反应,形态学发生和细胞分化相关的基因。这些品种内特异表达的差异基因可优先作为myostatin的候选靶基因来研究。
基因表达的动态模式分析发现,两品种绵羊胎儿骨骼肌差异基因具有不同的基因表达谱。Texel的基因表达模式有3个趋势类别,且上调表达的基因数量相对较多;而乌珠穆沁的基因表达模式有4个趋势类别,只有一种上调表达模式。基因网络分析表明,两品种羊骨胳肌发育的基因网络存在差异。Texel羊肌发育的基因网络主要包含“RNA转录后修饰”,“细胞发育”及“骨骼与肌肉系统发育和功能”三个分子功能。而乌珠穆沁羊生肌网络则由“脂代谢”,“小分子生化反应”及“骨骼与肌肉系统发育和功能”三个分子事件构成。
(2)品种间同一发育阶段基因表达。在每一特定的发育阶段两品种绵羊差异表达基因的功能分类存在差异。各个阶段的差异基因分别显著富集于不同的信号通路和基因网络,也预示着这些分子通路和基因网络与myostatin突变紧密相关,信号通路和基因网络中的差异基因可能是myostatin的靶基因。
本研究表明,转录组水平上的差异是引起Texel与乌珠穆沁绵羊骨骼肌表型差异的主要原因。
Sheep are large precocial species, and the maximum myofibre complement of a muscle is achieved prior to birth,especially in the second half of gestation in the case of sheep. The potential of growth in muscle depends on the muscle fibre number formed during the prenatal stage. In the present study, first, we examined the patterns of proliferation of myofibre in these two sheep breeds during the second half of gestation .Then, using the commercial and standardized sheep transcriptome-wide oligo DNA microarray (Agilent), we first analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of longissmuss dorsi muscle from fetuses of Texel and Ujumqin sheep, sampled at d70, d85, d100, d120 and d135 of gestation respectively. The main findings are followings:
1. Dynamic changes of body weight and individual muscle weight during the fetal development in Texel and Ujumqin sheep.
Weights of fetus and the individual muscle tissue in Texel sheep were significantly higher than Ujumqin sheep at the stage of 70,85 and 100d (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas there were no differences between them at the stage of 120 and 135d (P>0.05). There was specific profile of each muscle tissue between two sheep breeds during the skeletal muscle development. Weights of the semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi, quadriceps femoris, gluteus medius and flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in Texel sheep were significantly higher than Ujumqin sheep at 85 day of gestation. Until the stage of 100d, the Texel sheep had the preponderance over the Ujumqin sheep and the differences between them became ever greater than else. When developing at 120 and 135 day of gestation, there were no differences in the remaining 11 muscle tissues except that the infraspinatus in Texel sheep grew faster than Ujumqin sheep (P<0.05). The preponderance of development and growth in Texel at 85 and 100 day of gestation underlied their fast postnatal growth of muscle.
There were distinct patterns of hyperplasia of muscle fibre between Texel and Ujumqin sheep at the histological level during the second half of gestation. First, there were obvious hyperplasia in musculus longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius, semitendinosus, gluteus medius and triceps brachii in these two sheep breeds. However the timing of proliferation in myofibre was different between Texel and Ujumqin sheep. Second, there were hyperplasia in semimembranosus, quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris in Texel sheep, but not observed in Ujumqin sheep. Third, there were proliferation of myofibre in adductor and infraspinatus in Ujumqin sheep, but not observed in Texel sheep. Finally, there was no obvious hyperplasia of myofibre observed in supraspinatus in both sheep breeds during the second half of gestation. However, the two sheep breeds had the same patterns of myofibre cross-section area during the skeletal muscle development.
2. Profiles of gene expression in sheletal muscle between Texel and Ujumqin sheep during the second half of gestation.
2.1 GO analysis showed that in general, the categories of biological processes involved in myogenesis were similar in Texel and Ujumqin sheep. Mainly, they included the following biological processes: metabolism, transport, cell communication, response to external stimulus, cell death, morphogenesis, regulation of transcription , regulation of cellular process, cell proliferation, cell differentiation. However, Texel and Ujumqin sheep quite differred in certain biological processes for differential genes across the development times. For example, genes related to DNA, RNA , regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation were enriched significantly in the Texel gene set, while genes involved in fat anabolic metabolism, muscle development, immune response, morphogenesis and cell differentiation were enriched significantly in Ujumqin gene set.
We demonstrated that there were varietal specific gene expression profiles derived from differentially expressed genes in each sheep breed across the five developmental stages. There are 3 and 4 kind of profiles in Texel and Ujumqin sheep, respectively.Also there were more uptrend genes and profiles in Texel, compared with Ujumqin sheep. It suggested that the additional up-regulated genes might be part of target genes of myostatin. We identified two different gene network associated with myogenesis in Texel and Ujumqin sheep across the development stages.Network in Texel sheep is involved in function of“RNA Post-Transcriptional Modification”,“Cellular Development”and“Skeletal and Muscular System Development and Function”, while the one in Ujumqin sheep focuses on“Lipid Metabolism”,“Small Molecule Biochemistry”and“Skeletal and Muscular System Development and Function”.
2.2 At the each developmental stage between the two breed, comparisons showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in various signaling pathways or networks, genes in which probably are targets of myostatin in skeletal muscle development, suggesting that perturbation of myostatin can affect several biological processes during the myogenesis. The cellular functions of the differentially expressed probes that matched annotated genes revealed characteristic differences in various categories between two breeds at each developmental stages. The diversity of transcription profiles in prenatal skeletal muscle underlies the phenotype variation in these two sheep groups.
This present study revealed that there were intrinsic differences in skeletal muscle development on histological level as well as on transcriptomic level between Texel and Ujumqin sheep. Next works are to elucidate the putative networks involved in skeletal muscle development on protein level and to determine direct or indirect target genes of myostatin in the context of development.
1. Texel与乌珠穆沁绵羊胎儿体重与骨骼肌发育学变化
在胎儿70至100日龄阶段,Texel羊体重极显著大于乌珠穆沁胎羊(P<0.01);120和135日龄阶段品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。两品种绵羊的各个骨骼肌组织生长发育差异具有时段特征。85日龄,半膜肌,背最长肌,股四头肌,臀中肌与趾浅屈肌重量,Texel显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)大于乌珠穆沁;至100日龄阶段, 12个骨骼肌组织生长发育的差异达到最大(P<0.05或P<0.01),Texel羊占有绝对优势;发育至120和135日龄阶段,仅冈下肌的生长发育在Texel还保持优势(P<0.05);其余11个骨骼肌生长发育在品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。85与100日龄阶段骨骼肌发育上的这种优势特征为Texel出生后高的肌肉生长发育潜力奠定了物质基础。
两品种羊胎儿骨骼肌生长发育模式存在一定的差异。肌纤维横截面积发育性变化趋势相似;肌纤维数和密度在不同部位的肌肉有着不同的特征性生长曲线。按骨骼肌纤维的生长发育模式主要分为四类:①背最长肌,腓肠肌,半腱肌,臀中肌和臂三头肌在两品种都有明显的肌纤维增殖,但品种间的增殖时间点不同。②半膜肌,股四头肌和臀股二头肌,在Texel羊有明显的新肌纤维生成,而乌珠穆沁羊未观察到。③内收肌和冈下肌在乌珠穆沁羊有明显的新肌纤维生成,而Texel羊未观察到。④在乌珠穆沁与Texel羊均未观察到冈上肌有明显的新肌纤维生成。
2. Texel与乌珠穆沁绵羊妊娠中、后期胎儿背最长肌基因表达谱分析
(1)品种内整个发育阶段基因表达变化。在骨骼肌发育过程中,Texel与乌珠穆沁羊品种内差异基因的功能分类基本相似,主要包括以下几个生物学过程:代谢,转运,细胞通信,外部刺激反应,细胞死亡,形态发生,转录调节,细胞增殖,细胞过程的调节和细胞分化。差异基因所参与的生物学过程存在品种特异性:Texel特异性地富集与DNA,RNA和基因表达调控以及细胞增殖相关的基因;而乌珠穆沁则特异性地富集与脂肪合成代谢,肌肉发育,免疫反应,形态学发生和细胞分化相关的基因。这些品种内特异表达的差异基因可优先作为myostatin的候选靶基因来研究。
基因表达的动态模式分析发现,两品种绵羊胎儿骨骼肌差异基因具有不同的基因表达谱。Texel的基因表达模式有3个趋势类别,且上调表达的基因数量相对较多;而乌珠穆沁的基因表达模式有4个趋势类别,只有一种上调表达模式。基因网络分析表明,两品种羊骨胳肌发育的基因网络存在差异。Texel羊肌发育的基因网络主要包含“RNA转录后修饰”,“细胞发育”及“骨骼与肌肉系统发育和功能”三个分子功能。而乌珠穆沁羊生肌网络则由“脂代谢”,“小分子生化反应”及“骨骼与肌肉系统发育和功能”三个分子事件构成。
(2)品种间同一发育阶段基因表达。在每一特定的发育阶段两品种绵羊差异表达基因的功能分类存在差异。各个阶段的差异基因分别显著富集于不同的信号通路和基因网络,也预示着这些分子通路和基因网络与myostatin突变紧密相关,信号通路和基因网络中的差异基因可能是myostatin的靶基因。
本研究表明,转录组水平上的差异是引起Texel与乌珠穆沁绵羊骨骼肌表型差异的主要原因。
Sheep are large precocial species, and the maximum myofibre complement of a muscle is achieved prior to birth,especially in the second half of gestation in the case of sheep. The potential of growth in muscle depends on the muscle fibre number formed during the prenatal stage. In the present study, first, we examined the patterns of proliferation of myofibre in these two sheep breeds during the second half of gestation .Then, using the commercial and standardized sheep transcriptome-wide oligo DNA microarray (Agilent), we first analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of longissmuss dorsi muscle from fetuses of Texel and Ujumqin sheep, sampled at d70, d85, d100, d120 and d135 of gestation respectively. The main findings are followings:
1. Dynamic changes of body weight and individual muscle weight during the fetal development in Texel and Ujumqin sheep.
Weights of fetus and the individual muscle tissue in Texel sheep were significantly higher than Ujumqin sheep at the stage of 70,85 and 100d (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas there were no differences between them at the stage of 120 and 135d (P>0.05). There was specific profile of each muscle tissue between two sheep breeds during the skeletal muscle development. Weights of the semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi, quadriceps femoris, gluteus medius and flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in Texel sheep were significantly higher than Ujumqin sheep at 85 day of gestation. Until the stage of 100d, the Texel sheep had the preponderance over the Ujumqin sheep and the differences between them became ever greater than else. When developing at 120 and 135 day of gestation, there were no differences in the remaining 11 muscle tissues except that the infraspinatus in Texel sheep grew faster than Ujumqin sheep (P<0.05). The preponderance of development and growth in Texel at 85 and 100 day of gestation underlied their fast postnatal growth of muscle.
There were distinct patterns of hyperplasia of muscle fibre between Texel and Ujumqin sheep at the histological level during the second half of gestation. First, there were obvious hyperplasia in musculus longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius, semitendinosus, gluteus medius and triceps brachii in these two sheep breeds. However the timing of proliferation in myofibre was different between Texel and Ujumqin sheep. Second, there were hyperplasia in semimembranosus, quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris in Texel sheep, but not observed in Ujumqin sheep. Third, there were proliferation of myofibre in adductor and infraspinatus in Ujumqin sheep, but not observed in Texel sheep. Finally, there was no obvious hyperplasia of myofibre observed in supraspinatus in both sheep breeds during the second half of gestation. However, the two sheep breeds had the same patterns of myofibre cross-section area during the skeletal muscle development.
2. Profiles of gene expression in sheletal muscle between Texel and Ujumqin sheep during the second half of gestation.
2.1 GO analysis showed that in general, the categories of biological processes involved in myogenesis were similar in Texel and Ujumqin sheep. Mainly, they included the following biological processes: metabolism, transport, cell communication, response to external stimulus, cell death, morphogenesis, regulation of transcription , regulation of cellular process, cell proliferation, cell differentiation. However, Texel and Ujumqin sheep quite differred in certain biological processes for differential genes across the development times. For example, genes related to DNA, RNA , regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation were enriched significantly in the Texel gene set, while genes involved in fat anabolic metabolism, muscle development, immune response, morphogenesis and cell differentiation were enriched significantly in Ujumqin gene set.
We demonstrated that there were varietal specific gene expression profiles derived from differentially expressed genes in each sheep breed across the five developmental stages. There are 3 and 4 kind of profiles in Texel and Ujumqin sheep, respectively.Also there were more uptrend genes and profiles in Texel, compared with Ujumqin sheep. It suggested that the additional up-regulated genes might be part of target genes of myostatin. We identified two different gene network associated with myogenesis in Texel and Ujumqin sheep across the development stages.Network in Texel sheep is involved in function of“RNA Post-Transcriptional Modification”,“Cellular Development”and“Skeletal and Muscular System Development and Function”, while the one in Ujumqin sheep focuses on“Lipid Metabolism”,“Small Molecule Biochemistry”and“Skeletal and Muscular System Development and Function”.
2.2 At the each developmental stage between the two breed, comparisons showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in various signaling pathways or networks, genes in which probably are targets of myostatin in skeletal muscle development, suggesting that perturbation of myostatin can affect several biological processes during the myogenesis. The cellular functions of the differentially expressed probes that matched annotated genes revealed characteristic differences in various categories between two breeds at each developmental stages. The diversity of transcription profiles in prenatal skeletal muscle underlies the phenotype variation in these two sheep groups.
This present study revealed that there were intrinsic differences in skeletal muscle development on histological level as well as on transcriptomic level between Texel and Ujumqin sheep. Next works are to elucidate the putative networks involved in skeletal muscle development on protein level and to determine direct or indirect target genes of myostatin in the context of development.
引文
1.孟祥人,郭军,赵倩君等. 11个绵羊品种MSTN基因非翻译区的变异[J].遗传, 2008, 30(12):1585-1590.
2.吴斌,沈自尹.基因芯片表达谱数据的预处理分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报, 2005, 22(4):272～277.
3. Abbot, E. L., McCormack, J. G., Reynet, C. et al. Diverging regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform gene expression in cultured human muscle cells[J].The FEBS journal, 2005, 272(12):3004-3014.
4. Abe, T., Kearns, C. F., Fukunaga, T. Sex differences in whole body skeletal muscle mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging and its distribution in young Japanese adults[J].British journal of sports medicine, 2003, 37(5):436-440.
5. Abu-Elmagd, M., Robson, L., Sweetman, D. et al. Wnt/Lef1 signaling acts via Pitx2 to regulate somite myogenesis[J].Developmental biology, 337(2):211-219.
6. Afrakhte, M., Schultheiss, T. M. Construction and analysis of a subtracted library and microarray of cDNAs expressed specifically in chicken heart progenitor cells[J].Dev Dyn, 2004, 230(2):290-298.
7. Allen, D. L., Unterman, T. G. Regulation of myostatin expression and myoblast differentiation by FoxO and SMAD transcription factors[J].American journal of physiology, 2007, 292(1):C188-199.
8. Amali, A. A., Lin, C. J., Chen, Y. H. et al. Up-regulation of muscle-specific transcription factors during embryonic somitogenesis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by knock-down of myostatin-1[J].Dev Dyn, 2004, 229(4):847-856.
9. Amirouche, A., Durieux, A. C., Banzet, S. et al. Down-regulation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in response to myostatin overexpression in skeletal muscle[J].Endocrinology, 2009, 150(1):286-294.
10. Arner, E. S., Holmgren, A. Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase[J].European journal of biochemistry / FEBS, 2000, 267(20):6102-6109.
11. Artaza, J. N., Bhasin, S., Magee, T. R. et al. Myostatin inhibits myogenesis and promotes adipogenesis in C3H 10T(1/2) mesenchymal multipotent cells[J].Endocrinology, 2005, 146(8):3547-3557.
12. Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A. et al. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium[J].Nature genetics, 2000, 25(1):25-29.
13. Ashmore, C. R., Robinson, D. W., Rattray, P. et al. Biphasic development of muscle fibers in the fetal lamb[J].Experimental neurology, 1972, 37(2):241-255.
14. Aubert J, Bar-Hen A, Daudin J, Robin S. Correction: Determination of the differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments using local FDR[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2005, 6
15. Aviram, M., Hardak, E., Vaya, J. et al. Human serum paraoxonases (PON1) Q and R selectively decrease lipid peroxides in human coronary and carotid atherosclerotic lesions: PON1 esterase and peroxidase-like activities[J].Circulation, 2000, 101(21):2510-2517.
16. Bai, Q., McGillivray, C., da Costa, N. et al. Development of a porcine skeletal muscle cDNA microarray: analysis of differential transcript expression in phenotypically distinct muscles[J].BMC genomics, 2003, 4(1):8.
17. Band, M. R., Olmstead, C., Everts, R. E. et al. A 3800 gene microarray for cattle functional genomics:comparison of gene expression in spleen, placenta, and brain[J].Animal biotechnology, 2002, 13(1):163-172.
18. Bauman, D. E., Eisemann, J. H., Currie, W. B. Hormonal effects on partitioning of nutrients for tissue growth: role of growth hormone and prolactin[J].Federation proceedings, 1982, 41(9):2538-2544.
19. Biressi, S., Molinaro, M., Cossu, G. Cellular heterogeneity during vertebrate skeletal muscle development[J].Developmental biology, 2007, 308(2):281-293.
20. Biressi, S., Tagliafico, E., Lamorte, G. et al. Intrinsic phenotypic diversity of embryonic and fetal myoblasts is revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis on purified cells[J].Developmental biology, 2007, 304(2):633-651.
21. Black, M. A., Doerge, R. W. Calculation of the minimum number of replicate spots required for detection of significant gene expression fold change in microarray experiments[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2002, 18(12):1609-1616.
22. Boman, I. A., Klemetsdal, G., Nafstad, O. et al. Impact of two myostatin (MSTN) mutations on weight gain and lamb carcass classification in Norwegian White Sheep (Ovis aries)[J].Genet Sel Evol, 42:4.
23. Boman, I. A., Klemetsdal, G., Blichfeldt, T. et al. A frameshift mutation in the coding region of the myostatin gene (MSTN) affects carcass conformation and fatness in Norwegian White Sheep (Ovis aries)[J].Animal genetics, 2009, 40(4):418-422.
24. Bouchard, C., Dittrich, O., Kiermaier, A. et al. Regulation of cyclin D2 gene expression by the Myc/Max/Mad network: Myc-dependent TRRAP recruitment and histone acetylation at the cyclin D2 promoter[J].Genes & development, 2001, 15(16):2042-2047.
25. Bradley, L., Yaworsky, P. J., Walsh, F. S. Myostatin as a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal disease[J].Cell Mol Life Sci, 2008, 65(14):2119-2124.
26. Brameld, J. M. Molecular mechanisms involved in the nutritional and hormonal regulation of growth in pigs[J].The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1997, 56(2):607-619.
27. Brameld, J. M., Buttery, P. J., Dawson, J. M. et al. Nutritional and hormonal control of skeletal-muscle cell growth and differentiation[J].The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1998, 57(2):207-217.
28. Breier, B. H. Regulation of protein and energy metabolism by the somatotropic axis[J].Domestic animal endocrinology, 1999, 17(2-3):209-218.
29. Brock, A., Huang, S., Ingber, D. E. Identification of a distinct class of cytoskeleton-associated mRNAs using microarray technology[J].BMC cell biology, 2003, 4:6.
30. Bub, A., Barth, S., Watzl, B. et al. Paraoxonase 1 Q192R (PON1-192) polymorphism is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation in R-allele-carrier but not in QQ homozygous elderly subjects on a tomato-rich diet[J].European journal of nutrition, 2002, 41(6):237-243.
31. Buckingham, M. Skeletal muscle formation in vertebrates[J].Current opinion in genetics & development, 2001, 11(4):440-448.
32. Cagnazzo, M., te Pas, M. F., Priem, J. et al. Comparison of prenatal muscle tissue expression profiles of two pig breeds differing in muscle characteristics[J].Journal of animal science, 2006, 84(1):1-10.
33. Campanaro, S., Romualdi, C., Fanin, M. et al. Gene expression profiling in dysferlinopathies using a dedicated muscle microarray[J].Human molecular genetics, 2002, 11(26):3283-3298.
34. Cangul, H. Hypoxia upregulates the expression of the NDRG1 gene leading to its overexpression invarious human cancers[J].BMC genetics, 2004, 5:27.
35. Carraro, L., Ferraresso, S., Cardazzo, B. et al. Expression profiling of skeletal muscle in young bulls treated with steroidal growth promoters[J].Physiological genomics, 2009, 38(2):138-148.
36. Carrino, D. A., Oron, U., Pechak, D. G. et al. Reinitiation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan synthesis in regenerating skeletal muscle[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1988, 103(4):641-656.
37. Cassar-Malek, I., Passelaigue, F., Bernard, C. et al. Target genes of myostatin loss-of-function in muscles of late bovine fetuses[J].BMC genomics, 2007, 8:63.
38. Christ, B., Ordahl, C. P. Early stages of chick somite development[J].Anatomy and embryology, 1995, 191(5):381-396.
39. Chuaqui, R. F., Bonner, R. F., Best, C. J. et al. Post-analysis follow-up and validation of microarray experiments[J].Nature genetics, 2002, 32 Suppl:509-514.
40. Cifuentes-Diaz, C., Delaporte, C., Dautreaux, B. et al. Class II MHC antigens in normal human skeletal muscle[J].Muscle & nerve, 1992, 15(3):295-302.
41. Cinnamon, Y., Kahane, N., Kalcheim, C. Characterization of the early development of specific hypaxial muscles from the ventrolateral myotome[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1999, 126(19):4305-4315.
42. Cinnamon, Y., Kahane, N., Bachelet, I. et al. The sub-lip domain--a distinct pathway for myotome precursors that demonstrate rostral-caudal migration[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(3):341-351.
43. Clop, A., Marcq, F., Takeda, H. et al. A mutation creating a potential illegitimate microRNA target site in the myostatin gene affects muscularity in sheep[J].Nature genetics, 2006, 38(7):813-818.
44. Close, W. H., Pettigrew, J. E. Mathematical models of sow reproduction[J].Journal of reproduction and fertility, 1990, 40:83-88.
45. Cockett, N. E., Jackson, S. P., Shay, T. L. et al. Polar overdominance at the ovine callipyge locus[J].Science (New York, NY, 1996, 273(5272):236-238.
46. Collins, C. A., Olsen, I., Zammit, P. S. et al. Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche[J].Cell, 2005, 122(2):289-301.
47. Cossu, G., Molinaro, M. Cell heterogeneity in the myogenic lineage[J].Current topics in developmental biology, 1987, 23:185-208.
48. Cossu, G., Biressi, S. Satellite cells, myoblasts and other occasional myogenic progenitors: possible origin, phenotypic features and role in muscle regeneration[J].Seminars in cell & developmental biology, 2005, 16(4-5):623-631.
49. Cossu, G., De Angelis, L., Borello, U. et al. Determination, diversification and multipotency of mammalian myogenic cells[J].The International journal of developmental biology, 2000, 44(6):699-706.
50. Cui, X., Churchill, G. A. Statistical tests for differential expression in cDNA microarray experiments[J].Genome biology, 2003, 4(4):210.
51. Currie, D. A., Bate, M. Innervation is essential for the development and differentiation of a sex-specific adult muscle in Drosophila melanogaster[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1995, 121(8):2549-2557.
52. Denetclaw, W. F., Ordahl, C. P. The growth of the dermomyotome and formation of early myotomelineages in thoracolumbar somites of chicken embryos[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2000, 127(4):893-905.
53. Denetclaw, W. F., Jr., Christ, B., Ordahl, C. P. Location and growth of epaxial myotome precursor cells[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1997, 124(8):1601-1610.
54. Denetclaw, W. F., Jr., Berdougo, E., Venters, S. J. et al. Morphogenetic cell movements in the middle region of the dermomyotome dorsomedial lip associated with patterning and growth of the primary epaxial myotome[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(10):1745-1755.
55. Dennis, G., Jr., Sherman, B. T., Hosack, D. A. et al. DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery[J].Genome biology, 2003, 4(5):P3.
56. DeRan, M., Pulvino, M., Greene, E. et al. Transcriptional activation of histone genes requires NPAT-dependent recruitment of TRRAP-Tip60 complex to histone promoters during the G1/S phase transition[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 2008, 28(1):435-447.
57. Ding, Y., Wilkins, D. The effect of normalization on microarray data analysis[J].DNA and cell biology, 2004, 23(10):635-642.
58. Doherty, T. J. The influence of aging and sex on skeletal muscle mass and strength[J].Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2001, 4(6):503-508.
59. Draeger, A., Weeds, A. G., Fitzsimons, R. B. Primary, secondary and tertiary myotubes in developing skeletal muscle: a new approach to the analysis of human myogenesis[J].Journal of the neurological sciences, 1987, 81(1):19-43.
60. Draghici, S. Statistical intelligence: effective analysis of high-density microarray data[J].Drug discovery today, 2002, 7(11 Suppl):S55-63.
61. Drmanac, R., Labat, I., Brukner, I. et al. Sequencing of megabase plus DNA by hybridization: theory of the method[J].Genomics, 1989, 4(2):114-128.
62. Du, M., Zhu, M. J., Means, W. J. et al. Effect of nutrient restriction on calpain and calpastatin content of skeletal muscle from cows and fetuses[J].Journal of animal science, 2004, 82(9):2541-2547.
63. Du, M., Zhu, M. J., Means, W. J. et al. Nutrient restriction differentially modulates the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in skeletal muscle of cows and their fetuses[J].Journal of animal science, 2005, 83(1):117-123.
64. Duan, C. Nutritional and developmental regulation of insulin-like growth factors in fish[J].The Journal of nutrition, 1998, 128(2 Suppl):306S-314S.
65. Dunglison, G. F., Scotting, P. J., Wigmore, P. M. Rat embryonic myoblasts are restricted to forming primary fibres while later myogenic populations are pluripotent[J].Mechanisms of development, 1999, 87(1-2):11-19.
66. Duxson, M. J., Usson, Y., Harris, A. J. The origin of secondary myotubes in mammalian skeletal muscles: ultrastructural studies[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1989, 107(4):743-750.
67. Dwyer, C. M., Stickland, N. C. Supplementation of a restricted maternal diet with protein or carbohydrate alone prevents a reduction in fetal muscle fibre number in the guinea-pig[J].The British journal of nutrition, 1994, 72(2):173-180.
68. Elgadi, A., Zemack, H., Marcus, C. et al. Tissue-specific knockout of TSHr in white adipose tissue increases adipocyte size and decreases TSH-induced lipolysis[J].Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 393(3):526-530.
69. English, A. W., Schwartz, G. Development of sex differences in the rabbit masseter muscle is notrestricted to a critical period[J].J Appl Physiol, 2002, 92(3):1214-1222.
70. Ernst, J., Bar-Joseph, Z. STEM: a tool for the analysis of short time series gene expression data[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2006, 7:191.
71. Evans, D., Baillie, H., Caswell, A. et al. During fetal muscle development, clones of cells contribute to both primary and secondary fibers[J].Developmental biology, 1994, 162(2):348-353.
72. Evans, D. J., Britland, S., Wigmore, P. M. Differential response of fetal and neonatal myoblasts to topographical guidance cues in vitro[J].Development genes and evolution, 1999, 209(7):438-442.
73. Feldman, B. J., Streeper, R. S., Farese, R. V., Jr. et al. Myostatin modulates adipogenesis to generate adipocytes with favorable metabolic effects[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, 103(42):15675-15680.
74. Finkbeiner, M. G., Sawan, C., Ouzounova, M. et al. HAT cofactor TRRAP mediates beta-catenin ubiquitination on the chromatin and the regulation of the canonical Wnt pathway[J].Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex, 2008, 7(24):3908-3914.
75. Fleagle, J. G., Samonds, K. W., Hegsted, D. M. Physical growth of cebus monkeys, Cebus albifrons, during protein or calorie deficiency[J].The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1975, 28(3):246-253.
76. Fleming-Waddell, J. N., Wilson, L. M., Olbricht, G. R. et al. Analysis of gene expression during the onset of muscle hypertrophy in callipyge lambs[J].Animal genetics, 2007, 38(1):28-36.
77. Forbes, D., Jackman, M., Bishop, A. et al. Myostatin auto-regulates its expression by feedback loop through Smad7 dependent mechanism[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 2006, 206(1):264-272.
78. Friedman, N. Inferring cellular networks using probabilistic graphical models[J].Science (New York, NY, 2004, 303(5659):799-805.
79. Gagniere, H., Picard, B., Geay, Y. Contractile differentiation of foetal cattle muscles: intermuscular variability[J].Reproduction, nutrition, development, 1999, 39(5-6):637-655.
80. Gamboa, R., Zamora, J., Rodriguez-Perez, J. M. et al. Distribution of paraoxonase PON1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican populations. Its role in the lipid profile[J].Experimental and molecular pathology, 2006, 80(1):85-90.
81. Geller, S. C., Gregg, J. P., Hagerman, P. et al. Transformation and normalization of oligonucleotide microarray data[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2003, 19(14):1817-1823.
82. Gette, W. R., Heywood, S. M. Translation of myosin heavy chain messenger ribonucleic acid in an eukaryotic initiation factor 3- and messenger-dependent muscle cell-free system[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 1979, 254(19):9879-9885.
83. Getz, G., Levine, E., Domany, E. Coupled two-way clustering analysis of gene microarray data[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97(22):12079-12084.
84. Giglio, S., Monis, P. T., Saint, C. P. Demonstration of preferential binding of SYBR Green I to specific DNA fragments in real-time multiplex PCR[J].Nucleic acids research, 2003, 31(22):e136.
85. Gilson, H., Schakman, O., Kalista, S. et al. Follistatin induces muscle hypertrophy through satellite cell proliferation and inhibition of both myostatin and activin[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2009, 297(1):E157-164.
86. Gizak, A., Wrobel, E., Moraczewski, J. et al. Changes in subcellular localization of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase during differentiation of isolated muscle satellite cells[J].FEBS letters, 2006,580(17):4042-4046.
87. Gizak, A., Maciaszczyk, E., Dzugaj, A. et al. Evolutionary conserved N-terminal region of human muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase regulates its activity and the interaction with aldolase[J].Proteins, 2008, 72(1):209-216.
88. Glore, S. R., Layman, D. K. Cellular growth of skeletal muscle in weanling rats during dietary restrictions[J].Growth, 1983, 47(4):403-410.
89. Greenwood, P. L., Hunt, A. S., Hermanson, J. W. et al. Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: II. Skeletal muscle growth and development[J].Journal of animal science, 2000, 78(1):50-61.
90. Gros, J., Scaal, M., Marcelle, C. A two-step mechanism for myotome formation in chick[J].Developmental cell, 2004, 6(6):875-882.
91. Gros, J., Manceau, M., Thome, V. et al. A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells[J].Nature, 2005, 435(7044):954-958.
92. Guess, M. J., Wilson, S. B. Introduction to hierarchical clustering[J].J Clin Neurophysiol, 2002, 19(2):144-151.
93. Guo, W., Flanagan, J., Jasuja, R. et al. The effects of myostatin on adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are mediated through cross-communication between Smad3 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008, 283(14):9136-9145.
94. Hackl, H., Sanchez Cabo, F., Sturn, A. et al. Analysis of DNA microarray data[J].Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2004, 4(13):1357-1370.
95. Harman, S. M., Blackman, M. R. The effects of growth hormone and sex steroid on lean body mass, fat mass, muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance and adverse events in healthy elderly women and men[J].Hormone research, 2003, 60(Suppl 1):121-124.
96. Hartley, R. S., Bandman, E., Yablonka-Reuveni, Z. Myoblasts from fetal and adult skeletal muscle regulate myosin expression differently[J].Developmental biology, 1991, 148(1):249-260.
97. Haslett, J. N., Kunkel, L. M. Microarray analysis of normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle[J].Int J Dev Neurosci, 2002, 20(3-5):359-365.
98. Hatfield, G. W., Hung, S. P., Baldi, P. Differential analysis of DNA microarray gene expression data[J].Molecular microbiology, 2003, 47(4):871-877.
99. Hawkins, R. R., Moody, W. G., Kemp, J. D. Influence of genetic type, slaughter weight and sex on ovine muscle fiber and fat-cell development[J].Journal of animal science, 1985, 61(5):1154-1163.
100. Heard, E. Delving into the diversity of facultative heterochromatin: the epigenetics of the inactive X chromosome[J].Current opinion in genetics & development, 2005, 15(5):482-489.
101. Herceg, Z., Hulla, W., Gell, D. et al. Disruption of Trrap causes early embryonic lethality and defects in cell cycle progression[J].Nature genetics, 2001, 29(2):206-211.
102. Hickford, J. G., Forrest, R. H., Zhou, H. Association between a g.+6723G-A SNP in the myostatin gene (MSTN) and carcass traits in New Zealand Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2009, 87(6):1853.
103. Hickford, J. G., Forrest, R. H., Zhou, H. et al. Polymorphisms in the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their association with growth and carcass traits in New Zealand Romney sheep[J].Animal genetics, 41(1):64-72.
104. Hidaka, K., Yamamoto, I., Arai, Y. et al. The MEF-3 motif is required for MEF-2-mediated skeletal muscle-specific induction of the rat aldolase A gene[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 1993, 13(10):6469-6478.
105. Higuchi, I., Nerenberg, M., Ijichi, T. et al. Vacuolar myositis with expression of both MHC class I and class II antigens on skeletal muscle fibers[J].Journal of the neurological sciences, 1991, 106(1):60-66.
106. Hill, J. J., Qiu, Y., Hewick, R. M. et al. Regulation of myostatin in vivo by growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein-1: a novel protein with protease inhibitor and follistatin domains[J].Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md, 2003, 17(6):1144-1154.
107. Hirai, S., Matsumoto, H., Hino, N. et al. Myostatin inhibits differentiation of bovine preadipocyte[J].Domestic animal endocrinology, 2007, 32(1):1-14.
108. Hoffmann, R., Seidl, T., Dugas, M. Profound effect of normalization on detection of differentially expressed genes in oligonucleotide microarray data analysis[J].Genome biology, 2002, 3(7):RESEARCH0033.
109. Hosack, D. A., Dennis, G., Jr., Sherman, B. T. et al. Identifying biological themes within lists of genes with EASE[J].Genome biology, 2003, 4(10):R70.
110. Huang da, W., Sherman, B. T., Lempicki, R. A. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources[J].Nature protocols, 2009, 4(1):44-57.
111. Jamshidi, Y., Snieder, H., Wang, X. et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha regulatory subunit gene PIK3R1 haplotype is associated with body fat and serum leptin in a female twin population[J].Diabetologia, 2006, 49(11):2659-2667.
112. Johnson, P. L., McEwan, J. C., Dodds, K. G. et al. Meat quality traits were unaffected by a quantitative trait locus affecting leg composition traits in Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2005, 83(12):2729-2735.
113. Johnson, P. L., McEwan, J. C., Dodds, K. G. et al. A directed search in the region of GDF8 for quantitative trait loci affecting carcass traits in Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2005, 83(9):1988-2000.
114. Johnson, P. L., Dodds, K. G., Bain, W. E. et al. Investigations into the GDF8 g+6723G-A polymorphism in New Zealand Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2009, 87(6):1856-1864.
115. Joulia, D., Bernardi, H., Garandel, V. et al. Mechanisms involved in the inhibition of myoblast proliferation and differentiation by myostatin[J].Experimental cell research, 2003, 286(2):263-275.
116. Kahane, N., Kalcheim, C. Identification of early postmitotic cells in distinct embryonic sites and their possible roles in morphogenesis[J].Cell and tissue research, 1998, 294(2):297-307.
117. Kahane, N., Cinnamon, Y., Kalcheim, C. The cellular mechanism by which the dermomyotome contributes to the second wave of myotome development[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1998, 125(21):4259-4271.
118. Kahane, N., Cinnamon, Y., Kalcheim, C. The roles of cell migration and myofiber intercalation in patterning formation of the postmitotic myotome[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2002, 129(11):2675-2687.
119. Kahane, N., Cinnamon, Y., Bachelet, I. et al. The third wave of myotome colonization by mitotically competent progenitors: regulating the balance between differentiation and proliferation during muscle development[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(12):2187-2198.
120. Kanehisa, M., Goto, S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes[J].Nucleic acids research,2000, 28(1):27-30.
121. Kassar-Duchossoy, L., Giacone, E., Gayraud-Morel, B. et al. Pax3/Pax7 mark a novel population of primitive myogenic cells during development[J].Genes & development, 2005, 19(12):1426-1431.
122. Kassar-Duchossoy, L., Gayraud-Morel, B., Gomes, D. et al. Mrf4 determines skeletal muscle identity in Myf5:Myod double-mutant mice[J].Nature, 2004, 431(7007):466-471.
123. Kataoka, Y., Matsumura, I., Ezoe, S. et al. Reciprocal inhibition between MyoD and STAT3 in the regulation of growth and differentiation of myoblasts[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2003, 278(45):44178-44187.
124. Kielar, D., Clark, J. S., Ciechanowicz, A. et al. Leptin receptor isoforms expressed in human adipose tissue[J].Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1998, 47(7):844-847.
125. Kijas, J. W., Menzies, M., Ingham, A. Sequence diversity and rates of molecular evolution between sheep and cattle genes[J].Animal genetics, 2006, 37(2):171-174.
126. Kijas, J. W., McCulloch, R., Edwards, J. E. et al. Evidence for multiple alleles effecting muscling and fatness at the ovine GDF8 locus[J].BMC genetics, 2007, 8:80.
127. Komamura, K., Shirotani-Ikejima, H., Tatsumi, R. et al. Differential gene expression in the rat skeletal and heart muscle in glucocorticoid-induced myopathy: analysis by microarray[J].Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 17(4):303-310.
128. Kovacheva, E. L., Hikim, A. P., Shen, R. et al. Testosterone supplementation reverses sarcopenia in aging through regulation of myostatin, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, Notch, and Akt signaling pathways[J].Endocrinology, 151(2):628-638.
129. Kuang, S., Kuroda, K., Le Grand, F. et al. Asymmetric self-renewal and commitment of satellite stem cells in muscle[J].Cell, 2007, 129(5):999-1010.
130. Lambe, N. R., Haresign, W., Macfarlane, J. et al. The effect of conditioning period on loin muscle tenderness in crossbred lambs with or without the Texel muscling QTL (TM-QTL)[J].Meat science,
131. Lan, J., Lei, M. G., Zhang, Y. B. et al. Characterization of the porcine differentially expressed PDK4 gene and association with meat quality[J].Molecular biology reports, 2009, 36(7):2003-2010.
132. Langley, B., Thomas, M., Bishop, A. et al. Myostatin inhibits myoblast differentiation by down-regulating MyoD expression[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2002, 277(51):49831-49840.
133. Larrain, J., Alvarez, J., Hassell, J. R. et al. Expression of perlecan, a proteoglycan that binds myogenic inhibitory basic fibroblast growth factor, is down regulated during skeletal muscle differentiation[J].Experimental cell research, 1997, 234(2):405-412.
134. Laville, E., Bouix, J., Sayd, T. et al. Effects of a quantitative trait locus for muscle hypertrophy from Belgian Texel sheep on carcass conformation and muscularity[J].Journal of animal science, 2004, 82(11):3128-3137.
135. Lee, S. J., McPherron, A. C. Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001, 98(16):9306-9311.
136. Lee, W. H., Gaylord, T. D., Bowsher, R. R. et al. Nutritional regulation of circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins in the ovine fetus[J].Endocrine journal, 1997, 44(1):163-173.
137. Lefaucheur, L., Edom, F., Ecolan, P. et al. Pattern of muscle fiber type formation in the pig[J].DevDyn, 1995, 203(1):27-41.
138. Lehnert, S. A., Reverter, A., Byrne, K. A. et al. Gene expression studies of developing bovine longissimus muscle from two different beef cattle breeds[J].BMC developmental biology, 2007, 7:95.
139. Leung, Y. F., Cavalieri, D. Fundamentals of cDNA microarray data analysis[J].Trends Genet, 2003, 19(11):649-659.
140. Levenstien, M. A., Yang, Y., Ott, J. Statistical significance for hierarchical clustering in genetic association and microarray expression studies[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2003, 4:62.
141. Li, H., Cuenin, C., Murr, R. et al. HAT cofactor Trrap regulates the mitotic checkpoint by modulation of Mad1 and Mad2 expression[J].The EMBO journal, 2004, 23(24):4824-4834.
142. Li, X., Chiang, H. I., Zhu, J. et al. Characterization of a newly developed chicken 44K Agilent microarray[J].BMC genomics, 2008, 9:60.
143. Lin, J., Della-Fera, M. A., Li, C. et al. P27 knockout mice: reduced myostatin in muscle and altered adipogenesis[J].Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2003, 300(4):938-942.
144. Lipina, C., Kendall, H., McPherron, A. C. et al. Mechanisms involved in the enhancement of mammalian target of rapamycin signalling and hypertrophy in skeletal muscle of myostatin-deficient mice[J].FEBS letters,
145. Liu, W., Thomas, S. G., Asa, S. L. et al. Myostatin is a skeletal muscle target of growth hormone anabolic action[J].The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, 88(11):5490-5496.
146. Long, A. D., Mangalam, H. J., Chan, B. Y. et al. Improved statistical inference from DNA microarray data using analysis of variance and a Bayesian statistical framework. Analysis of global gene expression in Escherichia coli K12[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2001, 276(23):19937-19944.
147. Luchessi, A. D., Cambiaghi, T. D., Hirabara, S. M. et al. Involvement of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in skeletal muscle stem cell differentiation[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 2009, 218(3):480-489.
148. Maier, A., McEwan, J. C., Dodds, K. G. et al. Myosin heavy chain composition of single fibres and their origins and distribution in developing fascicles of sheep tibialis cranialis muscles[J].Journal of muscle research and cell motility, 1992, 13(5):551-572.
149. Mammes, O., Aubert, R., Betoulle, D. et al. LEPR gene polymorphisms: associations with overweight, fat mass and response to diet in women[J].European journal of clinical investigation, 2001, 31(5):398-404.
150. Mao, F., Leung, W. Y., Xin, X. Characterization of EvaGreen and the implication of its physicochemical properties for qPCR applications[J].BMC biotechnology, 2007, 7:76.
151. McCoard, S. A., McNabb, W. C., Peterson, S. W. et al. Muscle growth, cell number, type and morphometry in single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation[J].Reproduction, fertility, and development, 2000, 12(5-6):319-327.
152. McEwan J C, Broad T E, Jopson N B, Robertson T M, Glass B, C, Burkin H B, Gerard E M, Lord E A, Greer G J, Bain W E, B., and Nicoll G: Rib-eye muscling (REM ) locus in sheep:Phenotypic effects and comparative genome localization. In: Proceedings of the 27th Conference of the International
153. Society of Animal Genetics: 2000; Minneapolis, MN, USA: Blackwell Publishing; 2000.
154. McEwan J C, Gerard E M, Jopson N B, Nicoll G B, Greer G J, Dodds K G, Bain WE, Burkin H R,Lord E A and Broad T E. Localization of a QTL for rib-eye muscling on OAR 18[J].Animal genetics, 1998, 29(Suppl)
155. McFarlane, C., Hennebry, A., Thomas, M. et al. Myostatin signals through Pax7 to regulate satellite cell self-renewal[J].Experimental cell research, 2008, 314(2):317-329.
156. McGuire, M. A., Vicini, J. L., Bauman, D. E. et al. Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in ruminants and their nutritional regulation[J].Journal of animal science, 1992, 70(9):2901-2910.
157. McPherron, A. C., Lee, S. J. Suppression of body fat accumulation in myostatin-deficient mice[J].The Journal of clinical investigation, 2002, 109(5):595-601.
158. McPherron, A. C., Lawler, A. M., Lee, S. J. Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member[J].Nature, 1997, 387(6628):83-90.
159. Megeney, L. A., Perry, R. L., LeCouter, J. E. et al. bFGF and LIF signaling activates STAT3 in proliferating myoblasts[J].Developmental genetics, 1996, 19(2):139-145.
160. Miller, J. B., Schaefer, L., Dominov, J. A. Seeking muscle stem cells[J].Current topics in developmental biology, 1999, 43:191-219.
161. Miller, R. R., Rao, J. S., Festoff, B. W. Proteoglycan synthesis by primary chick skeletal muscle during in vitro myogenesis[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 1987, 133(2):258-266.
162. Miller, R. R., Rao, J. S., Burton, W. V. et al. Proteoglycan synthesis by clonal skeletal muscle cells during in vitro myogenesis: differences detected in the types and patterns from primary cultures[J].Int J Dev Neurosci, 1991, 9(3):259-267.
163. Mosher, D. S., Quignon, P., Bustamante, C. D. et al. A mutation in the myostatin gene increases muscle mass and enhances racing performance in heterozygote dogs[J].PLoS genetics, 2007, 3(5):e79.
164. Nakamura, H., Nakamura, K., Yodoi, J. Redox regulation of cellular activation[J].Annual review of immunology, 1997, 15:351-369.
165. Nakao, C., Itoh, T. J., Hotani, H. et al. Modulation of the stathmin-like microtubule destabilizing activity of RB3, a neuron-specific member of the SCG10 family, by its N-terminal domain[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004, 279(22):23014-23021.
166. Nameroff, M., Rhodes, L. D. Differential response among cells in the chick embryo myogenic lineage to photosensitization by Merocyanine 540[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 1989, 141(3):475-482.
167. Navarro, P., Page, D. R., Avner, P. et al. Tsix-mediated epigenetic switch of a CTCF-flanked region of the Xist promoter determines the Xist transcription program[J].Genes & development, 2006, 20(20):2787-2792.
168. Navarro, P., Pichard, S., Ciaudo, C. et al. Tsix transcription across the Xist gene alters chromatin conformation without affecting Xist transcription: implications for X-chromosome inactivation[J].Genes & development, 2005, 19(12):1474-1484.
169. Negrutskii, B. S., El'skaya, A. V. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha: structure, expression, functions, and possible role in aminoacyl-tRNA channeling[J].Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology, 1998, 60:47-78.
170. Nicoll G B, Burkin H R, Broad T E, Jopson N B, Greer G J,Bain W E, Wright C S, Dodds K G, Fennessy P F and McEwan J C: Genetic linkage of microsatellite markers to the carwell locus for rib-eye muscling in sheep. In: VI World Conference of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 1998; 1998: 529~532.
171. Nissen, P. M., Danielsen, V. O., Jorgensen, P. F. et al. Increased maternal nutrition of sows has no beneficial effects on muscle fiber number or postnatal growth and has no impact on the meat quality of the offspring[J].Journal of animal science, 2003, 81(12):3018-3027.
172. Nordberg, J., Arner, E. S. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system[J].Free radical biology & medicine, 2001, 31(11):1287-1312.
173. Ohhata, T., Hoki, Y., Sasaki, H. et al. Crucial role of antisense transcription across the Xist promoter in Tsix-mediated Xist chromatin modification[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2008, 135(2):227-235.
174. Ong, L. L., Lin, P. C., Zhang, X. et al. Kinectin-dependent assembly of translation elongation factor-1 complex on endoplasmic reticulum regulates protein synthesis[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2006, 281(44):33621-33634.
175. Ordahl, C. P., Berdougo, E., Venters, S. J. et al. The dermomyotome dorsomedial lip drives growth and morphogenesis of both the primary myotome and dermomyotome epithelium[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(10):1731-1744.
176. Pan, K. H., Lih, C. J., Cohen, S. N. Analysis of DNA microarrays using algorithms that employ rule-based expert knowledge[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002, 99(4):2118-2123.
177. Park, J., Kunjibettu, S., McMahon, S. B. et al. The ATM-related domain of TRRAP is required for histone acetyltransferase recruitment and Myc-dependent oncogenesis[J].Genes & development, 2001, 15(13):1619-1624.
178. Pavlidis, P. Using ANOVA for gene selection from microarray studies of the nervous system[J].Methods (San Diego, Calif, 2003, 31(4):282-289.
179. Pawitan, Y., Murthy, K. R., Michiels, S. et al. Bias in the estimation of false discovery rate in microarray studies[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2005, 21(20):3865-3872.
180. Petkovic, V., Moghini, C., Paoletti, S. et al. Eotaxin-3/CCL26 is a natural antagonist for CC chemokine receptors 1 and 5. A human chemokine with a regulatory role[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004, 279(22):23357-23363.
181. Picard, B., Robelin, J., Pons, F. et al. Comparison of the foetal development of fibre types in four bovine muscles[J].Journal of muscle research and cell motility, 1994, 15(4):473-486.
182. Picard, B., Lefaucheur, L., Berri, C. et al. Muscle fibre ontogenesis in farm animal species[J].Reproduction, nutrition, development, 2002, 42(5):415-431.
183. Pittman, Y. R., Kandl, K., Lewis, M. et al. Coordination of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) function in actin organization and translation elongation by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eEF1Balpha[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009, 284(7):4739-4747.
184. Pownall, M. E., Gustafsson, M. K., Emerson, C. P., Jr. Myogenic regulatory factors and the specification of muscle progenitors in vertebrate embryos[J].Annual review of cell and developmental biology, 2002, 18:747-783.
185. Quackenbush, J. Microarray data normalization and transformation[J].Nature genetics, 2002, 32 Suppl:496-501.
186. Rattarasarn, C., Leelawattana, R., Soonthornpun, S. Contribution of skeletal muscle mass on sex differences in 2-hour plasma glucose levels after oral glucose load in Thai subjects with normal glucose tolerance[J].Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 59(2):172-176.
187. Ravelli, R. B., Gigant, B., Curmi, P. A. et al. Insight into tubulin regulation from a complex with colchicine and a stathmin-like domain[J].Nature, 2004, 428(6979):198-202.
188. Rebbapragada, A., Benchabane, H., Wrana, J. L. et al. Myostatin signals through a transforming growth factor beta-like signaling pathway to block adipogenesis[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 2003, 23(20):7230-7242.
189. Relaix, F., Rocancourt, D., Mansouri, A. et al. A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells[J].Nature, 2005, 435(7044):948-953.
190. Reverter, A., Hudson, N. J., Wang, Y. et al. A gene coexpression network for bovine skeletal muscle inferred from microarray data[J].Physiological genomics, 2006, 28(1):76-83.
191. Rosen, G. D., Sanes, J. R., LaChance, R. et al. Roles for the integrin VLA-4 and its counter receptor VCAM-1 in myogenesis[J].Cell, 1992, 69(7):1107-1119.
192. Rosenberg, N. L., Kotzin, B. L. Aberrant expression of class II MHC antigens by skeletal muscle endothelial cells in experimental autoimmune myositis[J].J Immunol, 1989, 142(12):4289-4294.
193. Ross, J. J., Duxson, M. J., Harris, A. J. Formation of primary and secondary myotubes in rat lumbrical muscles[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1987, 100(3):383-394.
194. Roth, S. M., Ferrell, R. E., Peters, D. G. et al. Influence of age, sex, and strength training on human muscle gene expression determined by microarray[J].Physiological genomics, 2002, 10(3):181-190.
195. Rozek, L. S., Hatsukami, T. S., Richter, R. J. et al. The correlation of paraoxonase (PON1) activity with lipid and lipoprotein levels differs with vascular disease status[J].Journal of lipid research, 2005, 46(9):1888-1895.
196. Sallum, A. M., Kiss, M. H., Silva, C. A. et al. MHC class I and II expression in juvenile dermatomyositis skeletal muscle[J].Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2009, 27(3):519-526.
197. Schienda, J., Engleka, K. A., Jun, S. et al. Somitic origin of limb muscle satellite and side population cells[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, 103(4):945-950.
198. Schuelke, M., Wagner, K. R., Stolz, L. E. et al. Myostatin mutation associated with gross muscle hypertrophy in a child[J].The New England journal of medicine, 2004, 350(26):2682-2688.
199. Sharov, A. A., Dudekula, D. B., Ko, M. S. A web-based tool for principal component and significance analysis of microarray data[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2005, 21(10):2548-2549.
200. Sherlock, G. Analysis of large-scale gene expression data[J].Briefings in bioinformatics, 2001, 2(4):350-362.
201. Siripurapu, V., Meth, J., Kobayashi, N. et al. DBC2 significantly influences cell-cycle, apoptosis, cytoskeleton and membrane-trafficking pathways[J].Journal of molecular biology, 2005, 346(1):83-89.
202. Snyder, M., Huang, X. Y., Zhang, J. J. Identification of novel direct Stat3 target genes for control of growth and differentiation[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008, 283(7):3791-3798.
203. Spiller, M. P., Kambadur, R., Jeanplong, F. et al. The myostatin gene is a downstream target gene of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 2002, 22(20):7066-7082.
204. Steelman, C. A., Recknor, J. C., Nettleton, D. et al. Transcriptional profiling of myostatin-knockout mice implicates Wnt signaling in postnatal skeletal muscle growth and hypertrophy[J].Faseb J, 2006, 20(3):580-582.
205. Stein, S., Thomas, E. K., Herzog, B. et al. NDRG1 is necessary for p53-dependent apoptosis[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004, 279(47):48930-48940.
206. Stockdale, F. E. Myogenic cell lineages[J].Developmental biology, 1992, 154(2):284-298.
207. Straus, D. S. Nutritional regulation of hormones and growth factors that control mammalian growth[J].Faseb J, 1994, 8(1):6-12.
208. Suchyta, S. P., Sipkovsky, S., Kruska, R. et al. Development and testing of a high-density cDNA microarray resource for cattle[J].Physiological genomics, 2003, 15(2):158-164.
209. Sun, L., Ma, K., Wang, H. et al. JAK1-STAT1-STAT3, a key pathway promoting proliferation and preventing premature differentiation of myoblasts[J].The Journal of cell biology, 2007, 179(1):129-138.
210. Tajbakhsh, S., Rocancourt, D., Buckingham, M. Muscle progenitor cells failing to respond to positional cues adopt non-myogenic fates in myf-5 null mice[J].Nature, 1996, 384(6606):266-270.
211. Tang, Z., Li, Y., Wan, P. et al. LongSAGE analysis of skeletal muscle at three prenatal stages in Tongcheng and Landrace pigs[J].Genome biology, 2007, 8(6):R115.
212. Tee, J. M., van Rooijen, C., Boonen, R. et al. Regulation of slow and fast muscle myofibrillogenesis by Wnt/beta-catenin and myostatin signaling[J].PloS one, 2009, 4(6):e5880.
213. Thissen, J. P., Ketelslegers, J. M., Underwood, L. E. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors[J].Endocrine reviews, 1994, 15(1):80-101.
214. Thomas, M., Langley, B., Berry, C. et al. Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, functions by inhibiting myoblast proliferation[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2000, 275(51):40235-40243.
215. Thorn, S. R., Regnault, T. R., Brown, L. D. et al. Intrauterine growth restriction increases fetal hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and reduces messenger ribonucleic acid translation initiation and nutrient sensing in fetal liver and skeletal muscle[J].Endocrinology, 2009, 150(7):3021-3030.
216. Topsakal, C., Kilic, N., Erol, F. S. et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, enoxaparin and pentoxyfylline cause alterations in lipid peroxidation, paraoxonase (PON1) activities and homocysteine levels in the acute oxidative stress in an experimental model of spinal cord injury[J].Acta neurochirurgica, 2002, 144(10):1021-1031; discussion 1031.
217. Tsai, C. A., Lee, T. C., Ho, I. C. et al. Multi-class clustering and prediction in the analysis of microarray data[J].Mathematical biosciences, 2005, 193(1):79-100.
218. Venters, S. J., Ordahl, C. P. Persistent myogenic capacity of the dermomyotome dorsomedial lip and restriction of myogenic competence[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2002, 129(16):3873-3885.
219. Vuocolo, T., Byrne, K., White, J. et al. Identification of a gene network contributing to hypertrophy in callipyge skeletal muscle[J].Physiological genomics, 2007, 28(3):253-272.
220. Walsh, T. P., Winzor, D. J., Clarke, F. M. et al. Binding of aldolase to actin-containing filaments. Evidence of interaction with the regulatory proteins of skeletal muscle[J].The Biochemical journal, 1980, 186(1):89-98.
221. Wang, A., Gehan, E. A. Gene selection for microarray data analysis using principal component analysis[J].Statistics in medicine, 2005, 24(13):2069-2087.
222. Wang, J., Delabie, J., Aasheim, H. et al. Clustering of the SOM easily reveals distinct gene expression patterns: results of a reanalysis of lymphoma study[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2002, 3:36.
223. Wang, J., Horlick, M., Thornton, J. C. et al. Correlations between skeletal muscle mass and bone mass in children 6-18 years: influences of sex, ethnicity, and pubertal status[J].Growth Dev Aging, 1999, 63(3):99-109.
224. Wang, K., Wang, C., Xiao, F. et al. JAK2/STAT2/STAT3 are required for myogenic differentiation[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008, 283(49):34029-34036.
225. Wang, W., Chen, K., Xu, C. DNA quantification using EvaGreen and a real-time PCR instrument[J].Analytical biochemistry, 2006, 356(2):303-305.
226. White, J. D., Vuocolo, T., McDonagh, M. et al. Analysis of the callipyge phenotype through skeletal muscle development; association of Dlk1 with muscle precursor cells[J].Differentiation; research in biological diversity, 2008, 76(3):283-298.
227. Wiendl, H., Lautwein, A., Mitsdorffer, M. et al. Antigen processing and presentation in human muscle: cathepsin S is critical for MHC class II expression and upregulated in inflammatory myopathies[J].Journal of neuroimmunology, 2003, 138(1-2):132-143.
228. Wigmore, P. M., Evans, D. J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the generation of fiber diversity during myogenesis[J].International review of cytology, 2002, 216:175-232.
229. Wilson, S. J., McEwan, J. C., Sheard, P. W. et al. Early stages of myogenesis in a large mammal: formation of successive generations of myotubes in sheep tibialis cranialis muscle[J].Journal of muscle research and cell motility, 1992, 13(5):534-550.
230. Wittwer, C. T., Reed, G. H., Gundry, C. N. et al. High-resolution genotyping by amplicon melting analysis using LCGreen[J].Clinical chemistry, 2003, 49(6 Pt 1):853-860.
231. Wu, G., Bazer, F. W., Wallace, J. M. et al. Board-invited review: intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences[J].Journal of animal science, 2006, 84(9):2316-2337.
232. Yablonka-Reuveni, Z., Seifert, R. A. Proliferation of chicken myoblasts is regulated by specific isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor: evidence for differences between myoblasts from mid and late stages of embryogenesis[J].Developmental biology, 1993, 156(2):307-318.
233. Yamada, M., Tatsumi, R., Yamanouchi, K. et al. High concentrations of HGF inhibit skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in vitro by inducing expression of myostatin: a possible mechanism for reestablishing satellite cell quiescence in vivo[J].American journal of physiology, 298(3):C465-476.
234. Yang, X., Pratley, R. E., Tokraks, S. et al. Microarray profiling of skeletal muscle tissues from equally obese, non-diabetic insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant Pima Indians[J].Diabetologia, 2002, 45(11):1584-1593.
235. Yeung, K. Y., Ruzzo, W. L. Principal component analysis for clustering gene expression data[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2001, 17(9):763-774.
236. Yokoyama, S., Ito, Y., Ueno-Kudoh, H. et al. A systems approach reveals that the myogenesis genome network is regulated by the transcriptional repressor RP58[J].Developmental cell, 2009, 17(6):836-848.
237. Zhang, A. H., Rao, J. N., Zou, T. et al. p53-dependent NDRG1 expression induces inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation but not apoptosis after polyamine depletion[J].American journal of physiology, 2007, 293(1):C379-389.
238. Zhang, M., Koishi, K., McLennan, I. S. Skeletal muscle fibre types: detection methods and embryonic determinants[J].Histology and histopathology, 1998, 13(1):201-207.
239. Zhao, S. H., Nettleton, D., Liu, W. et al. Complementary DNA macroarray analyses of differentialgene expression in porcine fetal and postnatal muscle[J].Journal of animal science, 2003, 81(9):2179-2188.
240. Zheng, Y., Wang, L. S., Xia, L. et al. NDRG1 is down-regulated in the early apoptotic event induced by camptothecin analogs: the potential role in proteolytic activation of PKC delta and apoptosis[J].Proteomics, 2009, 9(8):2064-2075.
241. Zhu, L., Li, M., Li, X. et al. Distinct expression patterns of genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in tibetan pigs: a possible adaptive mechanism for high altitude conditions[J].High altitude medicine & biology, 2009, 10(1):45-55.
242. Zhu, M. J., Ford, S. P., Nathanielsz, P. W. et al. Effect of maternal nutrient restriction in sheep on the development of fetal skeletal muscle[J].Biology of reproduction, 2004, 71(6):1968-1973.
243. Zhu, M. J., Ford, S. P., Means, W. J. et al. Maternal nutrient restriction affects properties of skeletal muscle in offspring[J].The Journal of physiology, 2006, 575(Pt 1):241-250.
2.吴斌,沈自尹.基因芯片表达谱数据的预处理分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报, 2005, 22(4):272～277.
3. Abbot, E. L., McCormack, J. G., Reynet, C. et al. Diverging regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform gene expression in cultured human muscle cells[J].The FEBS journal, 2005, 272(12):3004-3014.
4. Abe, T., Kearns, C. F., Fukunaga, T. Sex differences in whole body skeletal muscle mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging and its distribution in young Japanese adults[J].British journal of sports medicine, 2003, 37(5):436-440.
5. Abu-Elmagd, M., Robson, L., Sweetman, D. et al. Wnt/Lef1 signaling acts via Pitx2 to regulate somite myogenesis[J].Developmental biology, 337(2):211-219.
6. Afrakhte, M., Schultheiss, T. M. Construction and analysis of a subtracted library and microarray of cDNAs expressed specifically in chicken heart progenitor cells[J].Dev Dyn, 2004, 230(2):290-298.
7. Allen, D. L., Unterman, T. G. Regulation of myostatin expression and myoblast differentiation by FoxO and SMAD transcription factors[J].American journal of physiology, 2007, 292(1):C188-199.
8. Amali, A. A., Lin, C. J., Chen, Y. H. et al. Up-regulation of muscle-specific transcription factors during embryonic somitogenesis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by knock-down of myostatin-1[J].Dev Dyn, 2004, 229(4):847-856.
9. Amirouche, A., Durieux, A. C., Banzet, S. et al. Down-regulation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in response to myostatin overexpression in skeletal muscle[J].Endocrinology, 2009, 150(1):286-294.
10. Arner, E. S., Holmgren, A. Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase[J].European journal of biochemistry / FEBS, 2000, 267(20):6102-6109.
11. Artaza, J. N., Bhasin, S., Magee, T. R. et al. Myostatin inhibits myogenesis and promotes adipogenesis in C3H 10T(1/2) mesenchymal multipotent cells[J].Endocrinology, 2005, 146(8):3547-3557.
12. Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A. et al. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium[J].Nature genetics, 2000, 25(1):25-29.
13. Ashmore, C. R., Robinson, D. W., Rattray, P. et al. Biphasic development of muscle fibers in the fetal lamb[J].Experimental neurology, 1972, 37(2):241-255.
14. Aubert J, Bar-Hen A, Daudin J, Robin S. Correction: Determination of the differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments using local FDR[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2005, 6
15. Aviram, M., Hardak, E., Vaya, J. et al. Human serum paraoxonases (PON1) Q and R selectively decrease lipid peroxides in human coronary and carotid atherosclerotic lesions: PON1 esterase and peroxidase-like activities[J].Circulation, 2000, 101(21):2510-2517.
16. Bai, Q., McGillivray, C., da Costa, N. et al. Development of a porcine skeletal muscle cDNA microarray: analysis of differential transcript expression in phenotypically distinct muscles[J].BMC genomics, 2003, 4(1):8.
17. Band, M. R., Olmstead, C., Everts, R. E. et al. A 3800 gene microarray for cattle functional genomics:comparison of gene expression in spleen, placenta, and brain[J].Animal biotechnology, 2002, 13(1):163-172.
18. Bauman, D. E., Eisemann, J. H., Currie, W. B. Hormonal effects on partitioning of nutrients for tissue growth: role of growth hormone and prolactin[J].Federation proceedings, 1982, 41(9):2538-2544.
19. Biressi, S., Molinaro, M., Cossu, G. Cellular heterogeneity during vertebrate skeletal muscle development[J].Developmental biology, 2007, 308(2):281-293.
20. Biressi, S., Tagliafico, E., Lamorte, G. et al. Intrinsic phenotypic diversity of embryonic and fetal myoblasts is revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis on purified cells[J].Developmental biology, 2007, 304(2):633-651.
21. Black, M. A., Doerge, R. W. Calculation of the minimum number of replicate spots required for detection of significant gene expression fold change in microarray experiments[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2002, 18(12):1609-1616.
22. Boman, I. A., Klemetsdal, G., Nafstad, O. et al. Impact of two myostatin (MSTN) mutations on weight gain and lamb carcass classification in Norwegian White Sheep (Ovis aries)[J].Genet Sel Evol, 42:4.
23. Boman, I. A., Klemetsdal, G., Blichfeldt, T. et al. A frameshift mutation in the coding region of the myostatin gene (MSTN) affects carcass conformation and fatness in Norwegian White Sheep (Ovis aries)[J].Animal genetics, 2009, 40(4):418-422.
24. Bouchard, C., Dittrich, O., Kiermaier, A. et al. Regulation of cyclin D2 gene expression by the Myc/Max/Mad network: Myc-dependent TRRAP recruitment and histone acetylation at the cyclin D2 promoter[J].Genes & development, 2001, 15(16):2042-2047.
25. Bradley, L., Yaworsky, P. J., Walsh, F. S. Myostatin as a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal disease[J].Cell Mol Life Sci, 2008, 65(14):2119-2124.
26. Brameld, J. M. Molecular mechanisms involved in the nutritional and hormonal regulation of growth in pigs[J].The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1997, 56(2):607-619.
27. Brameld, J. M., Buttery, P. J., Dawson, J. M. et al. Nutritional and hormonal control of skeletal-muscle cell growth and differentiation[J].The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1998, 57(2):207-217.
28. Breier, B. H. Regulation of protein and energy metabolism by the somatotropic axis[J].Domestic animal endocrinology, 1999, 17(2-3):209-218.
29. Brock, A., Huang, S., Ingber, D. E. Identification of a distinct class of cytoskeleton-associated mRNAs using microarray technology[J].BMC cell biology, 2003, 4:6.
30. Bub, A., Barth, S., Watzl, B. et al. Paraoxonase 1 Q192R (PON1-192) polymorphism is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation in R-allele-carrier but not in QQ homozygous elderly subjects on a tomato-rich diet[J].European journal of nutrition, 2002, 41(6):237-243.
31. Buckingham, M. Skeletal muscle formation in vertebrates[J].Current opinion in genetics & development, 2001, 11(4):440-448.
32. Cagnazzo, M., te Pas, M. F., Priem, J. et al. Comparison of prenatal muscle tissue expression profiles of two pig breeds differing in muscle characteristics[J].Journal of animal science, 2006, 84(1):1-10.
33. Campanaro, S., Romualdi, C., Fanin, M. et al. Gene expression profiling in dysferlinopathies using a dedicated muscle microarray[J].Human molecular genetics, 2002, 11(26):3283-3298.
34. Cangul, H. Hypoxia upregulates the expression of the NDRG1 gene leading to its overexpression invarious human cancers[J].BMC genetics, 2004, 5:27.
35. Carraro, L., Ferraresso, S., Cardazzo, B. et al. Expression profiling of skeletal muscle in young bulls treated with steroidal growth promoters[J].Physiological genomics, 2009, 38(2):138-148.
36. Carrino, D. A., Oron, U., Pechak, D. G. et al. Reinitiation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan synthesis in regenerating skeletal muscle[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1988, 103(4):641-656.
37. Cassar-Malek, I., Passelaigue, F., Bernard, C. et al. Target genes of myostatin loss-of-function in muscles of late bovine fetuses[J].BMC genomics, 2007, 8:63.
38. Christ, B., Ordahl, C. P. Early stages of chick somite development[J].Anatomy and embryology, 1995, 191(5):381-396.
39. Chuaqui, R. F., Bonner, R. F., Best, C. J. et al. Post-analysis follow-up and validation of microarray experiments[J].Nature genetics, 2002, 32 Suppl:509-514.
40. Cifuentes-Diaz, C., Delaporte, C., Dautreaux, B. et al. Class II MHC antigens in normal human skeletal muscle[J].Muscle & nerve, 1992, 15(3):295-302.
41. Cinnamon, Y., Kahane, N., Kalcheim, C. Characterization of the early development of specific hypaxial muscles from the ventrolateral myotome[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1999, 126(19):4305-4315.
42. Cinnamon, Y., Kahane, N., Bachelet, I. et al. The sub-lip domain--a distinct pathway for myotome precursors that demonstrate rostral-caudal migration[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(3):341-351.
43. Clop, A., Marcq, F., Takeda, H. et al. A mutation creating a potential illegitimate microRNA target site in the myostatin gene affects muscularity in sheep[J].Nature genetics, 2006, 38(7):813-818.
44. Close, W. H., Pettigrew, J. E. Mathematical models of sow reproduction[J].Journal of reproduction and fertility, 1990, 40:83-88.
45. Cockett, N. E., Jackson, S. P., Shay, T. L. et al. Polar overdominance at the ovine callipyge locus[J].Science (New York, NY, 1996, 273(5272):236-238.
46. Collins, C. A., Olsen, I., Zammit, P. S. et al. Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche[J].Cell, 2005, 122(2):289-301.
47. Cossu, G., Molinaro, M. Cell heterogeneity in the myogenic lineage[J].Current topics in developmental biology, 1987, 23:185-208.
48. Cossu, G., Biressi, S. Satellite cells, myoblasts and other occasional myogenic progenitors: possible origin, phenotypic features and role in muscle regeneration[J].Seminars in cell & developmental biology, 2005, 16(4-5):623-631.
49. Cossu, G., De Angelis, L., Borello, U. et al. Determination, diversification and multipotency of mammalian myogenic cells[J].The International journal of developmental biology, 2000, 44(6):699-706.
50. Cui, X., Churchill, G. A. Statistical tests for differential expression in cDNA microarray experiments[J].Genome biology, 2003, 4(4):210.
51. Currie, D. A., Bate, M. Innervation is essential for the development and differentiation of a sex-specific adult muscle in Drosophila melanogaster[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1995, 121(8):2549-2557.
52. Denetclaw, W. F., Ordahl, C. P. The growth of the dermomyotome and formation of early myotomelineages in thoracolumbar somites of chicken embryos[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2000, 127(4):893-905.
53. Denetclaw, W. F., Jr., Christ, B., Ordahl, C. P. Location and growth of epaxial myotome precursor cells[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1997, 124(8):1601-1610.
54. Denetclaw, W. F., Jr., Berdougo, E., Venters, S. J. et al. Morphogenetic cell movements in the middle region of the dermomyotome dorsomedial lip associated with patterning and growth of the primary epaxial myotome[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(10):1745-1755.
55. Dennis, G., Jr., Sherman, B. T., Hosack, D. A. et al. DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery[J].Genome biology, 2003, 4(5):P3.
56. DeRan, M., Pulvino, M., Greene, E. et al. Transcriptional activation of histone genes requires NPAT-dependent recruitment of TRRAP-Tip60 complex to histone promoters during the G1/S phase transition[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 2008, 28(1):435-447.
57. Ding, Y., Wilkins, D. The effect of normalization on microarray data analysis[J].DNA and cell biology, 2004, 23(10):635-642.
58. Doherty, T. J. The influence of aging and sex on skeletal muscle mass and strength[J].Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2001, 4(6):503-508.
59. Draeger, A., Weeds, A. G., Fitzsimons, R. B. Primary, secondary and tertiary myotubes in developing skeletal muscle: a new approach to the analysis of human myogenesis[J].Journal of the neurological sciences, 1987, 81(1):19-43.
60. Draghici, S. Statistical intelligence: effective analysis of high-density microarray data[J].Drug discovery today, 2002, 7(11 Suppl):S55-63.
61. Drmanac, R., Labat, I., Brukner, I. et al. Sequencing of megabase plus DNA by hybridization: theory of the method[J].Genomics, 1989, 4(2):114-128.
62. Du, M., Zhu, M. J., Means, W. J. et al. Effect of nutrient restriction on calpain and calpastatin content of skeletal muscle from cows and fetuses[J].Journal of animal science, 2004, 82(9):2541-2547.
63. Du, M., Zhu, M. J., Means, W. J. et al. Nutrient restriction differentially modulates the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in skeletal muscle of cows and their fetuses[J].Journal of animal science, 2005, 83(1):117-123.
64. Duan, C. Nutritional and developmental regulation of insulin-like growth factors in fish[J].The Journal of nutrition, 1998, 128(2 Suppl):306S-314S.
65. Dunglison, G. F., Scotting, P. J., Wigmore, P. M. Rat embryonic myoblasts are restricted to forming primary fibres while later myogenic populations are pluripotent[J].Mechanisms of development, 1999, 87(1-2):11-19.
66. Duxson, M. J., Usson, Y., Harris, A. J. The origin of secondary myotubes in mammalian skeletal muscles: ultrastructural studies[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1989, 107(4):743-750.
67. Dwyer, C. M., Stickland, N. C. Supplementation of a restricted maternal diet with protein or carbohydrate alone prevents a reduction in fetal muscle fibre number in the guinea-pig[J].The British journal of nutrition, 1994, 72(2):173-180.
68. Elgadi, A., Zemack, H., Marcus, C. et al. Tissue-specific knockout of TSHr in white adipose tissue increases adipocyte size and decreases TSH-induced lipolysis[J].Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 393(3):526-530.
69. English, A. W., Schwartz, G. Development of sex differences in the rabbit masseter muscle is notrestricted to a critical period[J].J Appl Physiol, 2002, 92(3):1214-1222.
70. Ernst, J., Bar-Joseph, Z. STEM: a tool for the analysis of short time series gene expression data[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2006, 7:191.
71. Evans, D., Baillie, H., Caswell, A. et al. During fetal muscle development, clones of cells contribute to both primary and secondary fibers[J].Developmental biology, 1994, 162(2):348-353.
72. Evans, D. J., Britland, S., Wigmore, P. M. Differential response of fetal and neonatal myoblasts to topographical guidance cues in vitro[J].Development genes and evolution, 1999, 209(7):438-442.
73. Feldman, B. J., Streeper, R. S., Farese, R. V., Jr. et al. Myostatin modulates adipogenesis to generate adipocytes with favorable metabolic effects[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, 103(42):15675-15680.
74. Finkbeiner, M. G., Sawan, C., Ouzounova, M. et al. HAT cofactor TRRAP mediates beta-catenin ubiquitination on the chromatin and the regulation of the canonical Wnt pathway[J].Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex, 2008, 7(24):3908-3914.
75. Fleagle, J. G., Samonds, K. W., Hegsted, D. M. Physical growth of cebus monkeys, Cebus albifrons, during protein or calorie deficiency[J].The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1975, 28(3):246-253.
76. Fleming-Waddell, J. N., Wilson, L. M., Olbricht, G. R. et al. Analysis of gene expression during the onset of muscle hypertrophy in callipyge lambs[J].Animal genetics, 2007, 38(1):28-36.
77. Forbes, D., Jackman, M., Bishop, A. et al. Myostatin auto-regulates its expression by feedback loop through Smad7 dependent mechanism[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 2006, 206(1):264-272.
78. Friedman, N. Inferring cellular networks using probabilistic graphical models[J].Science (New York, NY, 2004, 303(5659):799-805.
79. Gagniere, H., Picard, B., Geay, Y. Contractile differentiation of foetal cattle muscles: intermuscular variability[J].Reproduction, nutrition, development, 1999, 39(5-6):637-655.
80. Gamboa, R., Zamora, J., Rodriguez-Perez, J. M. et al. Distribution of paraoxonase PON1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican populations. Its role in the lipid profile[J].Experimental and molecular pathology, 2006, 80(1):85-90.
81. Geller, S. C., Gregg, J. P., Hagerman, P. et al. Transformation and normalization of oligonucleotide microarray data[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2003, 19(14):1817-1823.
82. Gette, W. R., Heywood, S. M. Translation of myosin heavy chain messenger ribonucleic acid in an eukaryotic initiation factor 3- and messenger-dependent muscle cell-free system[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 1979, 254(19):9879-9885.
83. Getz, G., Levine, E., Domany, E. Coupled two-way clustering analysis of gene microarray data[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97(22):12079-12084.
84. Giglio, S., Monis, P. T., Saint, C. P. Demonstration of preferential binding of SYBR Green I to specific DNA fragments in real-time multiplex PCR[J].Nucleic acids research, 2003, 31(22):e136.
85. Gilson, H., Schakman, O., Kalista, S. et al. Follistatin induces muscle hypertrophy through satellite cell proliferation and inhibition of both myostatin and activin[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2009, 297(1):E157-164.
86. Gizak, A., Wrobel, E., Moraczewski, J. et al. Changes in subcellular localization of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase during differentiation of isolated muscle satellite cells[J].FEBS letters, 2006,580(17):4042-4046.
87. Gizak, A., Maciaszczyk, E., Dzugaj, A. et al. Evolutionary conserved N-terminal region of human muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase regulates its activity and the interaction with aldolase[J].Proteins, 2008, 72(1):209-216.
88. Glore, S. R., Layman, D. K. Cellular growth of skeletal muscle in weanling rats during dietary restrictions[J].Growth, 1983, 47(4):403-410.
89. Greenwood, P. L., Hunt, A. S., Hermanson, J. W. et al. Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: II. Skeletal muscle growth and development[J].Journal of animal science, 2000, 78(1):50-61.
90. Gros, J., Scaal, M., Marcelle, C. A two-step mechanism for myotome formation in chick[J].Developmental cell, 2004, 6(6):875-882.
91. Gros, J., Manceau, M., Thome, V. et al. A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells[J].Nature, 2005, 435(7044):954-958.
92. Guess, M. J., Wilson, S. B. Introduction to hierarchical clustering[J].J Clin Neurophysiol, 2002, 19(2):144-151.
93. Guo, W., Flanagan, J., Jasuja, R. et al. The effects of myostatin on adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are mediated through cross-communication between Smad3 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008, 283(14):9136-9145.
94. Hackl, H., Sanchez Cabo, F., Sturn, A. et al. Analysis of DNA microarray data[J].Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2004, 4(13):1357-1370.
95. Harman, S. M., Blackman, M. R. The effects of growth hormone and sex steroid on lean body mass, fat mass, muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance and adverse events in healthy elderly women and men[J].Hormone research, 2003, 60(Suppl 1):121-124.
96. Hartley, R. S., Bandman, E., Yablonka-Reuveni, Z. Myoblasts from fetal and adult skeletal muscle regulate myosin expression differently[J].Developmental biology, 1991, 148(1):249-260.
97. Haslett, J. N., Kunkel, L. M. Microarray analysis of normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle[J].Int J Dev Neurosci, 2002, 20(3-5):359-365.
98. Hatfield, G. W., Hung, S. P., Baldi, P. Differential analysis of DNA microarray gene expression data[J].Molecular microbiology, 2003, 47(4):871-877.
99. Hawkins, R. R., Moody, W. G., Kemp, J. D. Influence of genetic type, slaughter weight and sex on ovine muscle fiber and fat-cell development[J].Journal of animal science, 1985, 61(5):1154-1163.
100. Heard, E. Delving into the diversity of facultative heterochromatin: the epigenetics of the inactive X chromosome[J].Current opinion in genetics & development, 2005, 15(5):482-489.
101. Herceg, Z., Hulla, W., Gell, D. et al. Disruption of Trrap causes early embryonic lethality and defects in cell cycle progression[J].Nature genetics, 2001, 29(2):206-211.
102. Hickford, J. G., Forrest, R. H., Zhou, H. Association between a g.+6723G-A SNP in the myostatin gene (MSTN) and carcass traits in New Zealand Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2009, 87(6):1853.
103. Hickford, J. G., Forrest, R. H., Zhou, H. et al. Polymorphisms in the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their association with growth and carcass traits in New Zealand Romney sheep[J].Animal genetics, 41(1):64-72.
104. Hidaka, K., Yamamoto, I., Arai, Y. et al. The MEF-3 motif is required for MEF-2-mediated skeletal muscle-specific induction of the rat aldolase A gene[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 1993, 13(10):6469-6478.
105. Higuchi, I., Nerenberg, M., Ijichi, T. et al. Vacuolar myositis with expression of both MHC class I and class II antigens on skeletal muscle fibers[J].Journal of the neurological sciences, 1991, 106(1):60-66.
106. Hill, J. J., Qiu, Y., Hewick, R. M. et al. Regulation of myostatin in vivo by growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein-1: a novel protein with protease inhibitor and follistatin domains[J].Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md, 2003, 17(6):1144-1154.
107. Hirai, S., Matsumoto, H., Hino, N. et al. Myostatin inhibits differentiation of bovine preadipocyte[J].Domestic animal endocrinology, 2007, 32(1):1-14.
108. Hoffmann, R., Seidl, T., Dugas, M. Profound effect of normalization on detection of differentially expressed genes in oligonucleotide microarray data analysis[J].Genome biology, 2002, 3(7):RESEARCH0033.
109. Hosack, D. A., Dennis, G., Jr., Sherman, B. T. et al. Identifying biological themes within lists of genes with EASE[J].Genome biology, 2003, 4(10):R70.
110. Huang da, W., Sherman, B. T., Lempicki, R. A. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources[J].Nature protocols, 2009, 4(1):44-57.
111. Jamshidi, Y., Snieder, H., Wang, X. et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha regulatory subunit gene PIK3R1 haplotype is associated with body fat and serum leptin in a female twin population[J].Diabetologia, 2006, 49(11):2659-2667.
112. Johnson, P. L., McEwan, J. C., Dodds, K. G. et al. Meat quality traits were unaffected by a quantitative trait locus affecting leg composition traits in Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2005, 83(12):2729-2735.
113. Johnson, P. L., McEwan, J. C., Dodds, K. G. et al. A directed search in the region of GDF8 for quantitative trait loci affecting carcass traits in Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2005, 83(9):1988-2000.
114. Johnson, P. L., Dodds, K. G., Bain, W. E. et al. Investigations into the GDF8 g+6723G-A polymorphism in New Zealand Texel sheep[J].Journal of animal science, 2009, 87(6):1856-1864.
115. Joulia, D., Bernardi, H., Garandel, V. et al. Mechanisms involved in the inhibition of myoblast proliferation and differentiation by myostatin[J].Experimental cell research, 2003, 286(2):263-275.
116. Kahane, N., Kalcheim, C. Identification of early postmitotic cells in distinct embryonic sites and their possible roles in morphogenesis[J].Cell and tissue research, 1998, 294(2):297-307.
117. Kahane, N., Cinnamon, Y., Kalcheim, C. The cellular mechanism by which the dermomyotome contributes to the second wave of myotome development[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1998, 125(21):4259-4271.
118. Kahane, N., Cinnamon, Y., Kalcheim, C. The roles of cell migration and myofiber intercalation in patterning formation of the postmitotic myotome[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2002, 129(11):2675-2687.
119. Kahane, N., Cinnamon, Y., Bachelet, I. et al. The third wave of myotome colonization by mitotically competent progenitors: regulating the balance between differentiation and proliferation during muscle development[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(12):2187-2198.
120. Kanehisa, M., Goto, S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes[J].Nucleic acids research,2000, 28(1):27-30.
121. Kassar-Duchossoy, L., Giacone, E., Gayraud-Morel, B. et al. Pax3/Pax7 mark a novel population of primitive myogenic cells during development[J].Genes & development, 2005, 19(12):1426-1431.
122. Kassar-Duchossoy, L., Gayraud-Morel, B., Gomes, D. et al. Mrf4 determines skeletal muscle identity in Myf5:Myod double-mutant mice[J].Nature, 2004, 431(7007):466-471.
123. Kataoka, Y., Matsumura, I., Ezoe, S. et al. Reciprocal inhibition between MyoD and STAT3 in the regulation of growth and differentiation of myoblasts[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2003, 278(45):44178-44187.
124. Kielar, D., Clark, J. S., Ciechanowicz, A. et al. Leptin receptor isoforms expressed in human adipose tissue[J].Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1998, 47(7):844-847.
125. Kijas, J. W., Menzies, M., Ingham, A. Sequence diversity and rates of molecular evolution between sheep and cattle genes[J].Animal genetics, 2006, 37(2):171-174.
126. Kijas, J. W., McCulloch, R., Edwards, J. E. et al. Evidence for multiple alleles effecting muscling and fatness at the ovine GDF8 locus[J].BMC genetics, 2007, 8:80.
127. Komamura, K., Shirotani-Ikejima, H., Tatsumi, R. et al. Differential gene expression in the rat skeletal and heart muscle in glucocorticoid-induced myopathy: analysis by microarray[J].Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 17(4):303-310.
128. Kovacheva, E. L., Hikim, A. P., Shen, R. et al. Testosterone supplementation reverses sarcopenia in aging through regulation of myostatin, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, Notch, and Akt signaling pathways[J].Endocrinology, 151(2):628-638.
129. Kuang, S., Kuroda, K., Le Grand, F. et al. Asymmetric self-renewal and commitment of satellite stem cells in muscle[J].Cell, 2007, 129(5):999-1010.
130. Lambe, N. R., Haresign, W., Macfarlane, J. et al. The effect of conditioning period on loin muscle tenderness in crossbred lambs with or without the Texel muscling QTL (TM-QTL)[J].Meat science,
131. Lan, J., Lei, M. G., Zhang, Y. B. et al. Characterization of the porcine differentially expressed PDK4 gene and association with meat quality[J].Molecular biology reports, 2009, 36(7):2003-2010.
132. Langley, B., Thomas, M., Bishop, A. et al. Myostatin inhibits myoblast differentiation by down-regulating MyoD expression[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2002, 277(51):49831-49840.
133. Larrain, J., Alvarez, J., Hassell, J. R. et al. Expression of perlecan, a proteoglycan that binds myogenic inhibitory basic fibroblast growth factor, is down regulated during skeletal muscle differentiation[J].Experimental cell research, 1997, 234(2):405-412.
134. Laville, E., Bouix, J., Sayd, T. et al. Effects of a quantitative trait locus for muscle hypertrophy from Belgian Texel sheep on carcass conformation and muscularity[J].Journal of animal science, 2004, 82(11):3128-3137.
135. Lee, S. J., McPherron, A. C. Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001, 98(16):9306-9311.
136. Lee, W. H., Gaylord, T. D., Bowsher, R. R. et al. Nutritional regulation of circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins in the ovine fetus[J].Endocrine journal, 1997, 44(1):163-173.
137. Lefaucheur, L., Edom, F., Ecolan, P. et al. Pattern of muscle fiber type formation in the pig[J].DevDyn, 1995, 203(1):27-41.
138. Lehnert, S. A., Reverter, A., Byrne, K. A. et al. Gene expression studies of developing bovine longissimus muscle from two different beef cattle breeds[J].BMC developmental biology, 2007, 7:95.
139. Leung, Y. F., Cavalieri, D. Fundamentals of cDNA microarray data analysis[J].Trends Genet, 2003, 19(11):649-659.
140. Levenstien, M. A., Yang, Y., Ott, J. Statistical significance for hierarchical clustering in genetic association and microarray expression studies[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2003, 4:62.
141. Li, H., Cuenin, C., Murr, R. et al. HAT cofactor Trrap regulates the mitotic checkpoint by modulation of Mad1 and Mad2 expression[J].The EMBO journal, 2004, 23(24):4824-4834.
142. Li, X., Chiang, H. I., Zhu, J. et al. Characterization of a newly developed chicken 44K Agilent microarray[J].BMC genomics, 2008, 9:60.
143. Lin, J., Della-Fera, M. A., Li, C. et al. P27 knockout mice: reduced myostatin in muscle and altered adipogenesis[J].Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2003, 300(4):938-942.
144. Lipina, C., Kendall, H., McPherron, A. C. et al. Mechanisms involved in the enhancement of mammalian target of rapamycin signalling and hypertrophy in skeletal muscle of myostatin-deficient mice[J].FEBS letters,
145. Liu, W., Thomas, S. G., Asa, S. L. et al. Myostatin is a skeletal muscle target of growth hormone anabolic action[J].The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, 88(11):5490-5496.
146. Long, A. D., Mangalam, H. J., Chan, B. Y. et al. Improved statistical inference from DNA microarray data using analysis of variance and a Bayesian statistical framework. Analysis of global gene expression in Escherichia coli K12[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2001, 276(23):19937-19944.
147. Luchessi, A. D., Cambiaghi, T. D., Hirabara, S. M. et al. Involvement of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in skeletal muscle stem cell differentiation[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 2009, 218(3):480-489.
148. Maier, A., McEwan, J. C., Dodds, K. G. et al. Myosin heavy chain composition of single fibres and their origins and distribution in developing fascicles of sheep tibialis cranialis muscles[J].Journal of muscle research and cell motility, 1992, 13(5):551-572.
149. Mammes, O., Aubert, R., Betoulle, D. et al. LEPR gene polymorphisms: associations with overweight, fat mass and response to diet in women[J].European journal of clinical investigation, 2001, 31(5):398-404.
150. Mao, F., Leung, W. Y., Xin, X. Characterization of EvaGreen and the implication of its physicochemical properties for qPCR applications[J].BMC biotechnology, 2007, 7:76.
151. McCoard, S. A., McNabb, W. C., Peterson, S. W. et al. Muscle growth, cell number, type and morphometry in single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation[J].Reproduction, fertility, and development, 2000, 12(5-6):319-327.
152. McEwan J C, Broad T E, Jopson N B, Robertson T M, Glass B, C, Burkin H B, Gerard E M, Lord E A, Greer G J, Bain W E, B., and Nicoll G: Rib-eye muscling (REM ) locus in sheep:Phenotypic effects and comparative genome localization. In: Proceedings of the 27th Conference of the International
153. Society of Animal Genetics: 2000; Minneapolis, MN, USA: Blackwell Publishing; 2000.
154. McEwan J C, Gerard E M, Jopson N B, Nicoll G B, Greer G J, Dodds K G, Bain WE, Burkin H R,Lord E A and Broad T E. Localization of a QTL for rib-eye muscling on OAR 18[J].Animal genetics, 1998, 29(Suppl)
155. McFarlane, C., Hennebry, A., Thomas, M. et al. Myostatin signals through Pax7 to regulate satellite cell self-renewal[J].Experimental cell research, 2008, 314(2):317-329.
156. McGuire, M. A., Vicini, J. L., Bauman, D. E. et al. Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in ruminants and their nutritional regulation[J].Journal of animal science, 1992, 70(9):2901-2910.
157. McPherron, A. C., Lee, S. J. Suppression of body fat accumulation in myostatin-deficient mice[J].The Journal of clinical investigation, 2002, 109(5):595-601.
158. McPherron, A. C., Lawler, A. M., Lee, S. J. Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member[J].Nature, 1997, 387(6628):83-90.
159. Megeney, L. A., Perry, R. L., LeCouter, J. E. et al. bFGF and LIF signaling activates STAT3 in proliferating myoblasts[J].Developmental genetics, 1996, 19(2):139-145.
160. Miller, J. B., Schaefer, L., Dominov, J. A. Seeking muscle stem cells[J].Current topics in developmental biology, 1999, 43:191-219.
161. Miller, R. R., Rao, J. S., Festoff, B. W. Proteoglycan synthesis by primary chick skeletal muscle during in vitro myogenesis[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 1987, 133(2):258-266.
162. Miller, R. R., Rao, J. S., Burton, W. V. et al. Proteoglycan synthesis by clonal skeletal muscle cells during in vitro myogenesis: differences detected in the types and patterns from primary cultures[J].Int J Dev Neurosci, 1991, 9(3):259-267.
163. Mosher, D. S., Quignon, P., Bustamante, C. D. et al. A mutation in the myostatin gene increases muscle mass and enhances racing performance in heterozygote dogs[J].PLoS genetics, 2007, 3(5):e79.
164. Nakamura, H., Nakamura, K., Yodoi, J. Redox regulation of cellular activation[J].Annual review of immunology, 1997, 15:351-369.
165. Nakao, C., Itoh, T. J., Hotani, H. et al. Modulation of the stathmin-like microtubule destabilizing activity of RB3, a neuron-specific member of the SCG10 family, by its N-terminal domain[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004, 279(22):23014-23021.
166. Nameroff, M., Rhodes, L. D. Differential response among cells in the chick embryo myogenic lineage to photosensitization by Merocyanine 540[J].Journal of cellular physiology, 1989, 141(3):475-482.
167. Navarro, P., Page, D. R., Avner, P. et al. Tsix-mediated epigenetic switch of a CTCF-flanked region of the Xist promoter determines the Xist transcription program[J].Genes & development, 2006, 20(20):2787-2792.
168. Navarro, P., Pichard, S., Ciaudo, C. et al. Tsix transcription across the Xist gene alters chromatin conformation without affecting Xist transcription: implications for X-chromosome inactivation[J].Genes & development, 2005, 19(12):1474-1484.
169. Negrutskii, B. S., El'skaya, A. V. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha: structure, expression, functions, and possible role in aminoacyl-tRNA channeling[J].Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology, 1998, 60:47-78.
170. Nicoll G B, Burkin H R, Broad T E, Jopson N B, Greer G J,Bain W E, Wright C S, Dodds K G, Fennessy P F and McEwan J C: Genetic linkage of microsatellite markers to the carwell locus for rib-eye muscling in sheep. In: VI World Conference of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 1998; 1998: 529~532.
171. Nissen, P. M., Danielsen, V. O., Jorgensen, P. F. et al. Increased maternal nutrition of sows has no beneficial effects on muscle fiber number or postnatal growth and has no impact on the meat quality of the offspring[J].Journal of animal science, 2003, 81(12):3018-3027.
172. Nordberg, J., Arner, E. S. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system[J].Free radical biology & medicine, 2001, 31(11):1287-1312.
173. Ohhata, T., Hoki, Y., Sasaki, H. et al. Crucial role of antisense transcription across the Xist promoter in Tsix-mediated Xist chromatin modification[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2008, 135(2):227-235.
174. Ong, L. L., Lin, P. C., Zhang, X. et al. Kinectin-dependent assembly of translation elongation factor-1 complex on endoplasmic reticulum regulates protein synthesis[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2006, 281(44):33621-33634.
175. Ordahl, C. P., Berdougo, E., Venters, S. J. et al. The dermomyotome dorsomedial lip drives growth and morphogenesis of both the primary myotome and dermomyotome epithelium[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2001, 128(10):1731-1744.
176. Pan, K. H., Lih, C. J., Cohen, S. N. Analysis of DNA microarrays using algorithms that employ rule-based expert knowledge[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002, 99(4):2118-2123.
177. Park, J., Kunjibettu, S., McMahon, S. B. et al. The ATM-related domain of TRRAP is required for histone acetyltransferase recruitment and Myc-dependent oncogenesis[J].Genes & development, 2001, 15(13):1619-1624.
178. Pavlidis, P. Using ANOVA for gene selection from microarray studies of the nervous system[J].Methods (San Diego, Calif, 2003, 31(4):282-289.
179. Pawitan, Y., Murthy, K. R., Michiels, S. et al. Bias in the estimation of false discovery rate in microarray studies[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2005, 21(20):3865-3872.
180. Petkovic, V., Moghini, C., Paoletti, S. et al. Eotaxin-3/CCL26 is a natural antagonist for CC chemokine receptors 1 and 5. A human chemokine with a regulatory role[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004, 279(22):23357-23363.
181. Picard, B., Robelin, J., Pons, F. et al. Comparison of the foetal development of fibre types in four bovine muscles[J].Journal of muscle research and cell motility, 1994, 15(4):473-486.
182. Picard, B., Lefaucheur, L., Berri, C. et al. Muscle fibre ontogenesis in farm animal species[J].Reproduction, nutrition, development, 2002, 42(5):415-431.
183. Pittman, Y. R., Kandl, K., Lewis, M. et al. Coordination of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) function in actin organization and translation elongation by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eEF1Balpha[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009, 284(7):4739-4747.
184. Pownall, M. E., Gustafsson, M. K., Emerson, C. P., Jr. Myogenic regulatory factors and the specification of muscle progenitors in vertebrate embryos[J].Annual review of cell and developmental biology, 2002, 18:747-783.
185. Quackenbush, J. Microarray data normalization and transformation[J].Nature genetics, 2002, 32 Suppl:496-501.
186. Rattarasarn, C., Leelawattana, R., Soonthornpun, S. Contribution of skeletal muscle mass on sex differences in 2-hour plasma glucose levels after oral glucose load in Thai subjects with normal glucose tolerance[J].Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 59(2):172-176.
187. Ravelli, R. B., Gigant, B., Curmi, P. A. et al. Insight into tubulin regulation from a complex with colchicine and a stathmin-like domain[J].Nature, 2004, 428(6979):198-202.
188. Rebbapragada, A., Benchabane, H., Wrana, J. L. et al. Myostatin signals through a transforming growth factor beta-like signaling pathway to block adipogenesis[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 2003, 23(20):7230-7242.
189. Relaix, F., Rocancourt, D., Mansouri, A. et al. A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells[J].Nature, 2005, 435(7044):948-953.
190. Reverter, A., Hudson, N. J., Wang, Y. et al. A gene coexpression network for bovine skeletal muscle inferred from microarray data[J].Physiological genomics, 2006, 28(1):76-83.
191. Rosen, G. D., Sanes, J. R., LaChance, R. et al. Roles for the integrin VLA-4 and its counter receptor VCAM-1 in myogenesis[J].Cell, 1992, 69(7):1107-1119.
192. Rosenberg, N. L., Kotzin, B. L. Aberrant expression of class II MHC antigens by skeletal muscle endothelial cells in experimental autoimmune myositis[J].J Immunol, 1989, 142(12):4289-4294.
193. Ross, J. J., Duxson, M. J., Harris, A. J. Formation of primary and secondary myotubes in rat lumbrical muscles[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 1987, 100(3):383-394.
194. Roth, S. M., Ferrell, R. E., Peters, D. G. et al. Influence of age, sex, and strength training on human muscle gene expression determined by microarray[J].Physiological genomics, 2002, 10(3):181-190.
195. Rozek, L. S., Hatsukami, T. S., Richter, R. J. et al. The correlation of paraoxonase (PON1) activity with lipid and lipoprotein levels differs with vascular disease status[J].Journal of lipid research, 2005, 46(9):1888-1895.
196. Sallum, A. M., Kiss, M. H., Silva, C. A. et al. MHC class I and II expression in juvenile dermatomyositis skeletal muscle[J].Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2009, 27(3):519-526.
197. Schienda, J., Engleka, K. A., Jun, S. et al. Somitic origin of limb muscle satellite and side population cells[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, 103(4):945-950.
198. Schuelke, M., Wagner, K. R., Stolz, L. E. et al. Myostatin mutation associated with gross muscle hypertrophy in a child[J].The New England journal of medicine, 2004, 350(26):2682-2688.
199. Sharov, A. A., Dudekula, D. B., Ko, M. S. A web-based tool for principal component and significance analysis of microarray data[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2005, 21(10):2548-2549.
200. Sherlock, G. Analysis of large-scale gene expression data[J].Briefings in bioinformatics, 2001, 2(4):350-362.
201. Siripurapu, V., Meth, J., Kobayashi, N. et al. DBC2 significantly influences cell-cycle, apoptosis, cytoskeleton and membrane-trafficking pathways[J].Journal of molecular biology, 2005, 346(1):83-89.
202. Snyder, M., Huang, X. Y., Zhang, J. J. Identification of novel direct Stat3 target genes for control of growth and differentiation[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008, 283(7):3791-3798.
203. Spiller, M. P., Kambadur, R., Jeanplong, F. et al. The myostatin gene is a downstream target gene of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD[J].Molecular and cellular biology, 2002, 22(20):7066-7082.
204. Steelman, C. A., Recknor, J. C., Nettleton, D. et al. Transcriptional profiling of myostatin-knockout mice implicates Wnt signaling in postnatal skeletal muscle growth and hypertrophy[J].Faseb J, 2006, 20(3):580-582.
205. Stein, S., Thomas, E. K., Herzog, B. et al. NDRG1 is necessary for p53-dependent apoptosis[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2004, 279(47):48930-48940.
206. Stockdale, F. E. Myogenic cell lineages[J].Developmental biology, 1992, 154(2):284-298.
207. Straus, D. S. Nutritional regulation of hormones and growth factors that control mammalian growth[J].Faseb J, 1994, 8(1):6-12.
208. Suchyta, S. P., Sipkovsky, S., Kruska, R. et al. Development and testing of a high-density cDNA microarray resource for cattle[J].Physiological genomics, 2003, 15(2):158-164.
209. Sun, L., Ma, K., Wang, H. et al. JAK1-STAT1-STAT3, a key pathway promoting proliferation and preventing premature differentiation of myoblasts[J].The Journal of cell biology, 2007, 179(1):129-138.
210. Tajbakhsh, S., Rocancourt, D., Buckingham, M. Muscle progenitor cells failing to respond to positional cues adopt non-myogenic fates in myf-5 null mice[J].Nature, 1996, 384(6606):266-270.
211. Tang, Z., Li, Y., Wan, P. et al. LongSAGE analysis of skeletal muscle at three prenatal stages in Tongcheng and Landrace pigs[J].Genome biology, 2007, 8(6):R115.
212. Tee, J. M., van Rooijen, C., Boonen, R. et al. Regulation of slow and fast muscle myofibrillogenesis by Wnt/beta-catenin and myostatin signaling[J].PloS one, 2009, 4(6):e5880.
213. Thissen, J. P., Ketelslegers, J. M., Underwood, L. E. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors[J].Endocrine reviews, 1994, 15(1):80-101.
214. Thomas, M., Langley, B., Berry, C. et al. Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, functions by inhibiting myoblast proliferation[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2000, 275(51):40235-40243.
215. Thorn, S. R., Regnault, T. R., Brown, L. D. et al. Intrauterine growth restriction increases fetal hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and reduces messenger ribonucleic acid translation initiation and nutrient sensing in fetal liver and skeletal muscle[J].Endocrinology, 2009, 150(7):3021-3030.
216. Topsakal, C., Kilic, N., Erol, F. S. et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, enoxaparin and pentoxyfylline cause alterations in lipid peroxidation, paraoxonase (PON1) activities and homocysteine levels in the acute oxidative stress in an experimental model of spinal cord injury[J].Acta neurochirurgica, 2002, 144(10):1021-1031; discussion 1031.
217. Tsai, C. A., Lee, T. C., Ho, I. C. et al. Multi-class clustering and prediction in the analysis of microarray data[J].Mathematical biosciences, 2005, 193(1):79-100.
218. Venters, S. J., Ordahl, C. P. Persistent myogenic capacity of the dermomyotome dorsomedial lip and restriction of myogenic competence[J].Development (Cambridge, England), 2002, 129(16):3873-3885.
219. Vuocolo, T., Byrne, K., White, J. et al. Identification of a gene network contributing to hypertrophy in callipyge skeletal muscle[J].Physiological genomics, 2007, 28(3):253-272.
220. Walsh, T. P., Winzor, D. J., Clarke, F. M. et al. Binding of aldolase to actin-containing filaments. Evidence of interaction with the regulatory proteins of skeletal muscle[J].The Biochemical journal, 1980, 186(1):89-98.
221. Wang, A., Gehan, E. A. Gene selection for microarray data analysis using principal component analysis[J].Statistics in medicine, 2005, 24(13):2069-2087.
222. Wang, J., Delabie, J., Aasheim, H. et al. Clustering of the SOM easily reveals distinct gene expression patterns: results of a reanalysis of lymphoma study[J].BMC bioinformatics, 2002, 3:36.
223. Wang, J., Horlick, M., Thornton, J. C. et al. Correlations between skeletal muscle mass and bone mass in children 6-18 years: influences of sex, ethnicity, and pubertal status[J].Growth Dev Aging, 1999, 63(3):99-109.
224. Wang, K., Wang, C., Xiao, F. et al. JAK2/STAT2/STAT3 are required for myogenic differentiation[J].The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008, 283(49):34029-34036.
225. Wang, W., Chen, K., Xu, C. DNA quantification using EvaGreen and a real-time PCR instrument[J].Analytical biochemistry, 2006, 356(2):303-305.
226. White, J. D., Vuocolo, T., McDonagh, M. et al. Analysis of the callipyge phenotype through skeletal muscle development; association of Dlk1 with muscle precursor cells[J].Differentiation; research in biological diversity, 2008, 76(3):283-298.
227. Wiendl, H., Lautwein, A., Mitsdorffer, M. et al. Antigen processing and presentation in human muscle: cathepsin S is critical for MHC class II expression and upregulated in inflammatory myopathies[J].Journal of neuroimmunology, 2003, 138(1-2):132-143.
228. Wigmore, P. M., Evans, D. J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the generation of fiber diversity during myogenesis[J].International review of cytology, 2002, 216:175-232.
229. Wilson, S. J., McEwan, J. C., Sheard, P. W. et al. Early stages of myogenesis in a large mammal: formation of successive generations of myotubes in sheep tibialis cranialis muscle[J].Journal of muscle research and cell motility, 1992, 13(5):534-550.
230. Wittwer, C. T., Reed, G. H., Gundry, C. N. et al. High-resolution genotyping by amplicon melting analysis using LCGreen[J].Clinical chemistry, 2003, 49(6 Pt 1):853-860.
231. Wu, G., Bazer, F. W., Wallace, J. M. et al. Board-invited review: intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences[J].Journal of animal science, 2006, 84(9):2316-2337.
232. Yablonka-Reuveni, Z., Seifert, R. A. Proliferation of chicken myoblasts is regulated by specific isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor: evidence for differences between myoblasts from mid and late stages of embryogenesis[J].Developmental biology, 1993, 156(2):307-318.
233. Yamada, M., Tatsumi, R., Yamanouchi, K. et al. High concentrations of HGF inhibit skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in vitro by inducing expression of myostatin: a possible mechanism for reestablishing satellite cell quiescence in vivo[J].American journal of physiology, 298(3):C465-476.
234. Yang, X., Pratley, R. E., Tokraks, S. et al. Microarray profiling of skeletal muscle tissues from equally obese, non-diabetic insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant Pima Indians[J].Diabetologia, 2002, 45(11):1584-1593.
235. Yeung, K. Y., Ruzzo, W. L. Principal component analysis for clustering gene expression data[J].Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2001, 17(9):763-774.
236. Yokoyama, S., Ito, Y., Ueno-Kudoh, H. et al. A systems approach reveals that the myogenesis genome network is regulated by the transcriptional repressor RP58[J].Developmental cell, 2009, 17(6):836-848.
237. Zhang, A. H., Rao, J. N., Zou, T. et al. p53-dependent NDRG1 expression induces inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation but not apoptosis after polyamine depletion[J].American journal of physiology, 2007, 293(1):C379-389.
238. Zhang, M., Koishi, K., McLennan, I. S. Skeletal muscle fibre types: detection methods and embryonic determinants[J].Histology and histopathology, 1998, 13(1):201-207.
239. Zhao, S. H., Nettleton, D., Liu, W. et al. Complementary DNA macroarray analyses of differentialgene expression in porcine fetal and postnatal muscle[J].Journal of animal science, 2003, 81(9):2179-2188.
240. Zheng, Y., Wang, L. S., Xia, L. et al. NDRG1 is down-regulated in the early apoptotic event induced by camptothecin analogs: the potential role in proteolytic activation of PKC delta and apoptosis[J].Proteomics, 2009, 9(8):2064-2075.
241. Zhu, L., Li, M., Li, X. et al. Distinct expression patterns of genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in tibetan pigs: a possible adaptive mechanism for high altitude conditions[J].High altitude medicine & biology, 2009, 10(1):45-55.
242. Zhu, M. J., Ford, S. P., Nathanielsz, P. W. et al. Effect of maternal nutrient restriction in sheep on the development of fetal skeletal muscle[J].Biology of reproduction, 2004, 71(6):1968-1973.
243. Zhu, M. J., Ford, S. P., Means, W. J. et al. Maternal nutrient restriction affects properties of skeletal muscle in offspring[J].The Journal of physiology, 2006, 575(Pt 1):241-250.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |