光突发交换网络与光路交换网络的互连
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摘要
回顾光网络发展的历史,可以看出网络技术的发展始终是以日新月异的业务需求为导向的。随着业务量和业务种类对网络服务要求的不断提高,光网络技术在经历了第一代点到点静态网络、第二代动态OCS网络的发展之后,又到了必须向前迈进的岔道口。
下一代光网络被认为必然是可以满足各种传输、交换需求以及各种级别的QoS区分服务的多态、灵活、智能、透明、可靠的全光网络。为此,本论文针对下一代光网络技术的演进,基于现有的相对成熟的OBS和OCS网络,提出了多层多域的端到端透明OBS/OCS网络架构,并针对该网络架构的实现机制,生存性策略以及对实际业务的支持等问题进行了深入的研究和论证。具体可以归结为以下几点:
1)针对第二代光网络所面临的端到端透明性不足和资源利用率不足的问题,设计了将OBS网络配置于网络的边缘,将GMPLS控制的OCS网络配置于网络的核心互连网络架构,从而利用OBS网络增加核心OCS网络的资源利用率,同时使光网络的透明性的优点延伸至更靠近用户的地方,让全光网络能够更好的支持不同数据格式、传输协议和多样化的业务。为了实现多层多域OBS/GMPLS透明光网络,本论文创造性的解决了该网络架构所面临的Group-LSP,波长连续性、动态域间路由、动态偏置时间以及业务驱动的端到端透明光通道建立等关键问题。然后,通过搭建实际的OBS/GMPLS网络实验平台,并在实验平台上进行的一系列相关的实验,本论文验证了所提出的网络架构的可行性和效率。
2)针对多层多域OBS/GMPLS透明光网络的生存性问题,本论文一方面首先提出了OBS网络的生存性策略,另一方面在现有的GMPLS网络的保护恢复策略的基础上又加入了动态更新的机制,然后结合两种网络的生存性策略,在OBS/GMPLS网络中提出了动态联合生存性机制,并且针对多种业务不同的QoS要求的,提出了区分服务型的保护恢复策略。在研究了接口更新、信令扩展以及链路故障检测等保护恢复策略的关键问题之后,本论文通过实际网络实验床上的实验,验证了所提出的生存性机制的可行性。最后,通过对TCP业务的实际传输和保护,本论文评估了保护恢复策略对TCP业务的影响,进而为OBS/GMPLS网络如何针对实际的业务选择不同的生存性策略及相关网络参数提供了具有参考价值的结论。
3)流媒体业务是下一代宽带通信网的主流业务,而TDM类设备和业务是现有的网络中大量存在的技术。针对这种情况,本论文研究和评估了OBS/GMPLS网络对这两种类型的业务的支持。为了评估OBS/GMPLS网络对流媒体业务的支持,本论文通过实验评价了四种生存性策略对不同速率的流媒体业务的影响,重点考察了延迟因子(DF)和单次故障丢包这两个技术指标,并评估了各个生存性策略对不同等级的业务的适应性,给出了针对不同等级的业务使用不同策略的优先级排序。为了研究OBS/GMPLS网络对TDM业务的支持,我们提出了新的资源预留机制和信令扩展格式,并在实验平台上实现了相关的扩展。最后,通过网络实验平台上的实验,本论文完成了OBS/GMPLS网络对TDM类业务的实际传输,验证了所提出的方案的可行性,并评估了该方案对资源预约效率的改善以及对网络不同业务的区分服务。
Looking back into the technical history of the optical networks, it can be clearly seen that the development of technolodgies was driven by the development of diverse traffic demands. After the first generation of static point-to-point optical networks and the second generation of dynamic OCS networks, the next generation optical network is imminent to meet the various demands of ever-developing services and traffics.
The next generation optical network is considered to be a polymorphous, agile, intelligent, transparent and reliable optical network capable to provide various QoS classified services to the traffics with diverse switching and transmission requirements. Considering above mentioned situation, this paper further investigated the hierarchical multi-domain OBS/OCS network with transparent end-to-end optical connections (i.e. the OBS/GMPLS network) based on the extensively-studied OBS and OCS network technologies. The prototype, feasibility, survivability and support of real traffics of the OBS/GMPLS network were intensively investigated and experimentally evaluated by using an OBS/GMPLS network testbed. The major contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:
1) To address the problems of low resource utilization and lack of end-to-end transparency in the current OCS core networks, the overlay-based multilayer OBS/GMPLS interworking network architecture was proposed and constructed by deploying a GMPLS-controlled transparent OCS network as the transport core, while distributing multiple small-scale OBS networks around as the edge to access the traffics. The OBS networks were deployed at the edge to extend the transparent optical connectivity to be closer to the end users, while the aggregation nature of OBS could also enhance the resource utilization in the core OCS network. In order to implement the overlay-based multilayer transparent OBS/GMPLS network, the key issues such as the Group-LSP, the wavelength continuity constrains, the dynamic inter-domain routing, the dynamic offset time scheme as well as the traffic driven provisioning of the end-to-end transparent wavelength connections were intensively investigated in this paper. By constructing an OBS/GMPLS network testbed and conducting serious of experiments on the testbed, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed OBS/GMPLS interworking architecture were evidently verified.
2) Considering the survivability requirements of the transparent OBS/GMPLS network, the specific protection and restoration schemes were proposed in the OBS domain, and the dynamic QoS classified survivability mechanisms were extended in the GMPLS domain based on the original protection/restoration schemes. Then the integrated dynamic protection/restoration schemes supporting QoS were proposed in the OBS/GMPLS interworking network. Moreover, the interworking interface, signaling extensions as well as the fault detection schemes were further investigated to support the survivability schemes. In order to verify the feasibility and applicability of the proposed schemes, several experiments were conducted on the OBS/GMPLS network testbed. At last, the TCP transmission over the protected OBS/GMPLS network under different link failure situations were experimentally evaluated, and certain suggestions on the network parameters and survivability schemes were also made to benefit the performances of OBS/GMPLS network when transmitting real TCP traffics.
3) Streaming media traffics are considered to be the major traffic types which will occupy most of the future network bandwidth volumes. While on the other hand, the TDM equipments and traffics are the main existing technologies in nowadays networks. Considering this situation, this paper investigated the support to these two kinds of traffics in OBS/GMPLS networks. In case of streaming media traffics, the QoS classified survivability schemes to protect different class of stream media with various bit rates were evaluated by introducing two parameters defined as the Delay Factor (DF) and the number of IP packet loss per link failure. According to the experimental results, the priority of the four survivability schemes to different class of traffics can be summarized as a suggestion to the network manager to enhance the intelligence of the network. With respect to the TDM traffics, the specific resource reservation mechanisms and signaling extensions were proposed and implemented on the OBS/GMPLS network testbed. Finally, the successful transmission and QoS provision of TDM traffics over the testbed verified that the proposed schemes could effectively reserve resources and guarantee QoS for TDM traffics.
下一代光网络被认为必然是可以满足各种传输、交换需求以及各种级别的QoS区分服务的多态、灵活、智能、透明、可靠的全光网络。为此,本论文针对下一代光网络技术的演进,基于现有的相对成熟的OBS和OCS网络,提出了多层多域的端到端透明OBS/OCS网络架构,并针对该网络架构的实现机制,生存性策略以及对实际业务的支持等问题进行了深入的研究和论证。具体可以归结为以下几点:
1)针对第二代光网络所面临的端到端透明性不足和资源利用率不足的问题,设计了将OBS网络配置于网络的边缘,将GMPLS控制的OCS网络配置于网络的核心互连网络架构,从而利用OBS网络增加核心OCS网络的资源利用率,同时使光网络的透明性的优点延伸至更靠近用户的地方,让全光网络能够更好的支持不同数据格式、传输协议和多样化的业务。为了实现多层多域OBS/GMPLS透明光网络,本论文创造性的解决了该网络架构所面临的Group-LSP,波长连续性、动态域间路由、动态偏置时间以及业务驱动的端到端透明光通道建立等关键问题。然后,通过搭建实际的OBS/GMPLS网络实验平台,并在实验平台上进行的一系列相关的实验,本论文验证了所提出的网络架构的可行性和效率。
2)针对多层多域OBS/GMPLS透明光网络的生存性问题,本论文一方面首先提出了OBS网络的生存性策略,另一方面在现有的GMPLS网络的保护恢复策略的基础上又加入了动态更新的机制,然后结合两种网络的生存性策略,在OBS/GMPLS网络中提出了动态联合生存性机制,并且针对多种业务不同的QoS要求的,提出了区分服务型的保护恢复策略。在研究了接口更新、信令扩展以及链路故障检测等保护恢复策略的关键问题之后,本论文通过实际网络实验床上的实验,验证了所提出的生存性机制的可行性。最后,通过对TCP业务的实际传输和保护,本论文评估了保护恢复策略对TCP业务的影响,进而为OBS/GMPLS网络如何针对实际的业务选择不同的生存性策略及相关网络参数提供了具有参考价值的结论。
3)流媒体业务是下一代宽带通信网的主流业务,而TDM类设备和业务是现有的网络中大量存在的技术。针对这种情况,本论文研究和评估了OBS/GMPLS网络对这两种类型的业务的支持。为了评估OBS/GMPLS网络对流媒体业务的支持,本论文通过实验评价了四种生存性策略对不同速率的流媒体业务的影响,重点考察了延迟因子(DF)和单次故障丢包这两个技术指标,并评估了各个生存性策略对不同等级的业务的适应性,给出了针对不同等级的业务使用不同策略的优先级排序。为了研究OBS/GMPLS网络对TDM业务的支持,我们提出了新的资源预留机制和信令扩展格式,并在实验平台上实现了相关的扩展。最后,通过网络实验平台上的实验,本论文完成了OBS/GMPLS网络对TDM类业务的实际传输,验证了所提出的方案的可行性,并评估了该方案对资源预约效率的改善以及对网络不同业务的区分服务。
Looking back into the technical history of the optical networks, it can be clearly seen that the development of technolodgies was driven by the development of diverse traffic demands. After the first generation of static point-to-point optical networks and the second generation of dynamic OCS networks, the next generation optical network is imminent to meet the various demands of ever-developing services and traffics.
The next generation optical network is considered to be a polymorphous, agile, intelligent, transparent and reliable optical network capable to provide various QoS classified services to the traffics with diverse switching and transmission requirements. Considering above mentioned situation, this paper further investigated the hierarchical multi-domain OBS/OCS network with transparent end-to-end optical connections (i.e. the OBS/GMPLS network) based on the extensively-studied OBS and OCS network technologies. The prototype, feasibility, survivability and support of real traffics of the OBS/GMPLS network were intensively investigated and experimentally evaluated by using an OBS/GMPLS network testbed. The major contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:
1) To address the problems of low resource utilization and lack of end-to-end transparency in the current OCS core networks, the overlay-based multilayer OBS/GMPLS interworking network architecture was proposed and constructed by deploying a GMPLS-controlled transparent OCS network as the transport core, while distributing multiple small-scale OBS networks around as the edge to access the traffics. The OBS networks were deployed at the edge to extend the transparent optical connectivity to be closer to the end users, while the aggregation nature of OBS could also enhance the resource utilization in the core OCS network. In order to implement the overlay-based multilayer transparent OBS/GMPLS network, the key issues such as the Group-LSP, the wavelength continuity constrains, the dynamic inter-domain routing, the dynamic offset time scheme as well as the traffic driven provisioning of the end-to-end transparent wavelength connections were intensively investigated in this paper. By constructing an OBS/GMPLS network testbed and conducting serious of experiments on the testbed, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed OBS/GMPLS interworking architecture were evidently verified.
2) Considering the survivability requirements of the transparent OBS/GMPLS network, the specific protection and restoration schemes were proposed in the OBS domain, and the dynamic QoS classified survivability mechanisms were extended in the GMPLS domain based on the original protection/restoration schemes. Then the integrated dynamic protection/restoration schemes supporting QoS were proposed in the OBS/GMPLS interworking network. Moreover, the interworking interface, signaling extensions as well as the fault detection schemes were further investigated to support the survivability schemes. In order to verify the feasibility and applicability of the proposed schemes, several experiments were conducted on the OBS/GMPLS network testbed. At last, the TCP transmission over the protected OBS/GMPLS network under different link failure situations were experimentally evaluated, and certain suggestions on the network parameters and survivability schemes were also made to benefit the performances of OBS/GMPLS network when transmitting real TCP traffics.
3) Streaming media traffics are considered to be the major traffic types which will occupy most of the future network bandwidth volumes. While on the other hand, the TDM equipments and traffics are the main existing technologies in nowadays networks. Considering this situation, this paper investigated the support to these two kinds of traffics in OBS/GMPLS networks. In case of streaming media traffics, the QoS classified survivability schemes to protect different class of stream media with various bit rates were evaluated by introducing two parameters defined as the Delay Factor (DF) and the number of IP packet loss per link failure. According to the experimental results, the priority of the four survivability schemes to different class of traffics can be summarized as a suggestion to the network manager to enhance the intelligence of the network. With respect to the TDM traffics, the specific resource reservation mechanisms and signaling extensions were proposed and implemented on the OBS/GMPLS network testbed. Finally, the successful transmission and QoS provision of TDM traffics over the testbed verified that the proposed schemes could effectively reserve resources and guarantee QoS for TDM traffics.
引文
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