小电流接地系统单相接地故障定位算法仿真及硬件实现
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摘要
提高单相接地故障定位精度是小电流接地系统的重要研究课题,准确的故障定位对迅速排除故障具有重要现实价值。本文以小波分析为主要工具,从提高精度和可靠性的角度出发,对输电线路故障定位进行了研究。
本课题主要包含以下几部分:
首先、介绍了各种故障定位算法采用的原理,将现有的各种定位方法的原理及应用条件进行了分析,指出每种定位方法的适用范围和局限性。由于行波法具有测量精度高,不受过渡阻抗和接地类型等影响的诸多优点,最终本文选择单端行波定位的方法进行故障定位。
其次、将数学形态学的理论应用在故障行波的噪声抑制中,引入了形态--小波的消噪算法,在MATLAB仿真环境中验证了形态--小波在滤除噪声干扰方面的优越性。通过分析线路出线结构与暂态故障特征量之间的关系(母线上出线越多,电压行波越弱,而电流行波将越强烈),采用提取电流信号进行故障定位。对影响行波定位精度的相间耦合、线路弧垂、波速等因素进行分析,提出了不受波速和线路弧垂影响的单端行波故障定位新方法。
再次、为了验证该方法准确性及可靠性,在MATLAB中建立Simulink仿真模型和编制故障定位计算程序,对于文中提出的新方法进行仿真试验,检验了各种情况下该方法的故障定位精度。仿真结果表明新方法对比原有方法在精度上有较大的提高。
最后、设计了一套基于电流行波的单相接地故障定位装置。该定位装置采用DSP2407A作为高速采样单元核心,捕获暂态故障电流行波信号。利用形态--小波方法滤除各种噪声干扰,再通过小波变换理论识别暂态电流行波波头信息,实现高精度的单端行波法定位。在实验室模拟试验,其结果说明本系统的实验方案确实可行。
论文的最后总结了所进行的研究工作,并对后续工作进行了展望。
Improve the location precision of single phase-to-earth fault is an important research topic for small current neutral grounding system, the accurate location of fault has important realistic value in eliminating faults rapidly. This paper takes wavelet analysis for the main tool, and proceeding from the angle of improving precision and reliability, it has carried on research to the fault location of the transmission line.
This paper mainly includes several parts as follows:
At first, it introduces principles of various fault location algorithms, analyzes the principle and application condition of existing various location methods, and points out the applicable scope and limitation of each kind of location method. Because of traveling wave method has a great deal of advantages that high measuring accuracy and do not influenced by transition impedance and grounding types, finally, this paper selects single-terminal traveling wave method to carry on fault location.
Second, the theory of mathematical morphology is applied in noise suppression of fault generated traveling waves, the morphological wavelet de-noising algorithm is introduced. Through the MATLAB simulation environment, superiority of the morphological wavelet in terms of filtering noise interference was verifyied. By analyzing the relationship between transmission line structure and transient fault characteristic quantity(The more the bus outlet, the traveling waves are weaker, and traveling waves will be more strongly), extracting current signal to carry on fault location has been adopted. The paper analyzed factors of affecting traveling wave location accuracy’s coupling between phases, line sag, wave velocity and other factors, and put forward new method on single-ended traveling waves fault location accuracy which cannot been affected by wave velocity and line sag.
Again, in order to verify the accuracy and reliability of this method,simulink simulation model and the fault location computational procedure is established in MATLAB, simulation test for the new method proposed in this paper tests the fault location accuracy under various conditions. Simulation results show that the new method is greatly improved in accuracy ,compared with the original methods.
Finally, a set of single-phase grounding fault location device based on current traveling wave is designed . This device uses DSP2407A as its high-speed sampling core unit to capture traveling wave signal of the transient fault current. Use morphological wavelet filter all kinds of noise, then identify the header information of transient current wave through wavelet transform theory,and realize single-ended traveling wave of high-precision positioning. Results of the laboratory simulation test show that the experimental program of this system is truly feasible.
End of the paper summarizes the research work carried out, and the subsequent work is prospected.
本课题主要包含以下几部分:
首先、介绍了各种故障定位算法采用的原理,将现有的各种定位方法的原理及应用条件进行了分析,指出每种定位方法的适用范围和局限性。由于行波法具有测量精度高,不受过渡阻抗和接地类型等影响的诸多优点,最终本文选择单端行波定位的方法进行故障定位。
其次、将数学形态学的理论应用在故障行波的噪声抑制中,引入了形态--小波的消噪算法,在MATLAB仿真环境中验证了形态--小波在滤除噪声干扰方面的优越性。通过分析线路出线结构与暂态故障特征量之间的关系(母线上出线越多,电压行波越弱,而电流行波将越强烈),采用提取电流信号进行故障定位。对影响行波定位精度的相间耦合、线路弧垂、波速等因素进行分析,提出了不受波速和线路弧垂影响的单端行波故障定位新方法。
再次、为了验证该方法准确性及可靠性,在MATLAB中建立Simulink仿真模型和编制故障定位计算程序,对于文中提出的新方法进行仿真试验,检验了各种情况下该方法的故障定位精度。仿真结果表明新方法对比原有方法在精度上有较大的提高。
最后、设计了一套基于电流行波的单相接地故障定位装置。该定位装置采用DSP2407A作为高速采样单元核心,捕获暂态故障电流行波信号。利用形态--小波方法滤除各种噪声干扰,再通过小波变换理论识别暂态电流行波波头信息,实现高精度的单端行波法定位。在实验室模拟试验,其结果说明本系统的实验方案确实可行。
论文的最后总结了所进行的研究工作,并对后续工作进行了展望。
Improve the location precision of single phase-to-earth fault is an important research topic for small current neutral grounding system, the accurate location of fault has important realistic value in eliminating faults rapidly. This paper takes wavelet analysis for the main tool, and proceeding from the angle of improving precision and reliability, it has carried on research to the fault location of the transmission line.
This paper mainly includes several parts as follows:
At first, it introduces principles of various fault location algorithms, analyzes the principle and application condition of existing various location methods, and points out the applicable scope and limitation of each kind of location method. Because of traveling wave method has a great deal of advantages that high measuring accuracy and do not influenced by transition impedance and grounding types, finally, this paper selects single-terminal traveling wave method to carry on fault location.
Second, the theory of mathematical morphology is applied in noise suppression of fault generated traveling waves, the morphological wavelet de-noising algorithm is introduced. Through the MATLAB simulation environment, superiority of the morphological wavelet in terms of filtering noise interference was verifyied. By analyzing the relationship between transmission line structure and transient fault characteristic quantity(The more the bus outlet, the traveling waves are weaker, and traveling waves will be more strongly), extracting current signal to carry on fault location has been adopted. The paper analyzed factors of affecting traveling wave location accuracy’s coupling between phases, line sag, wave velocity and other factors, and put forward new method on single-ended traveling waves fault location accuracy which cannot been affected by wave velocity and line sag.
Again, in order to verify the accuracy and reliability of this method,simulink simulation model and the fault location computational procedure is established in MATLAB, simulation test for the new method proposed in this paper tests the fault location accuracy under various conditions. Simulation results show that the new method is greatly improved in accuracy ,compared with the original methods.
Finally, a set of single-phase grounding fault location device based on current traveling wave is designed . This device uses DSP2407A as its high-speed sampling core unit to capture traveling wave signal of the transient fault current. Use morphological wavelet filter all kinds of noise, then identify the header information of transient current wave through wavelet transform theory,and realize single-ended traveling wave of high-precision positioning. Results of the laboratory simulation test show that the experimental program of this system is truly feasible.
End of the paper summarizes the research work carried out, and the subsequent work is prospected.
引文
蔡秀雯,杨以涵等.2007.小波变换和数学形态学在行波故障定位消噪中的应用[J].电气应用,26(6);30~33
董长虹.2004.MATLAB小波分析工具箱原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社:20~22
董凯达.2007.小电流接地系统单相接地故障测距方法的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文
方磊.2009.电力电缆故障定位方法研究及在线检测装置实现[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文
怀文军.2006.基于DSP的电力电缆故障测距方法研究[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文
胡鑫.2006.行波定位中定位波速的实时测量方法研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文
蒋涛.2005.基于暂态行波的输电线路故障测距研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文
贾贤龙.2007.基于TMS320F2812的微机线路保护装置的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文
康忠健.2008.基于形态小波的输电线路故障电流行波消噪研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,36(19):36~39
林湘宁.2002.电力系统超高速保护的形态学-小波综合滤波算法[J].中国电机工程学报,22(9);19~24
刘湖连,陈平.2004.现代行波故障测距原理分析与评价[J].电力系统自动化,27(12):81~85
李燕平.2008.多山地区农网架空线路故障定位技术研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士论文
马延凯.2006.基于小波小波分析的输电线路行波故障定位的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文
马丹丹.2008.输电线路故障暂态信号分析和行波测距研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文
马丹丹等.2009.基于小波模极大值的单端行波故障测距[J].电力系统保护与控制,37(3):55~59
庞军.2009.基于电压行波的输电线路故障定位方法研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文
清源科技.2003.TMS320LF240XDSP应用程序社计教程[M].机械工业出版社,47~49
全玉生,杨敏中,王晓蓉等.2000.高压架空输电线路的故障定位方法[J].电网技术,4(28):27~33
邱革非.2003.基于DSP技术的新型电力系统动态记录前置机的研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文
苏进喜,罗承沐.2000.利用双端电气量的高压长线故障测距算法[J].清华大学学报,40(7):27~30
孙延奎.2005.小波分析及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,219~244
束洪春.2006.对不受波速影响的输电线路单端行波法故障测距的探讨[J].继电器,34(8):16
桑亚平.2007.基于小波小波分析的输电线路行波故障定位的研究[D].东北农业大学硕士学位论文
吴必信,陈冬菊.1985.综述单端故障定位算法[J].电力自动化设备,3(55) :30~34
王超.2006.输电线路故障行波分析与定位[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文
王升花.2007.基于小波分析的输电线路故障测距的研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文
吴建华.2008.基于TMS320LF2407A的电缆故障信号采集系统研究[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文
薛佳.2009.基于DSP的高压输电线路故障录波及测距装置的研究[D].内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文
易俊.2004.基于DSP的故障录波及精确测距装置的研制[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文
尹文琴.2007.数学形态学在电力系统中的应用综述[J].继电器,35(19):76~81
俞瑞亮.2008.小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线与定位[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文
张慧芬.2004.基于注入法的小电流接地系统故障定位新方法[J].电力系统自动化,28(3):64~66
章惠团,蔡自兴.2006.基于数学形态学的突发性故障快速定位方法[J].计算机测量与控制,14(1);9~11
赵智大.2006.高电压技术[M].中国电力出版社,116~130
张利.2009.中性点非有效接地系统单相接地行波定位方法的研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文
战凯.2009.基于DSP的输电线路行波故障测距研究[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文
Jung Chae-Kyun,Lee Jong-Beoni.2004. Fault location Using wavelet Transform in Combined Transmission Systems. IFAC(International Federation of Automatic Control) Symposium on Power Plants and Power Systems Control.2:617~22
Lee H,Mousa A M.GPS traveling wave fault locator systems:investigation into the anomalous measurements related to ightning strikes[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996, 11(3):1214~223
Novosel D,Hart D G,Udren E,et al.Unsynchronized two-terminal fault location estimation.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,Vol.11(1):130~1387
R.Das,M.S.Sachdev,and T.S.Sidhu,“A fault locator for radialsub-transmission and distribution lines,”in Proc.IEEE Power Eng.Soc.Summer Meeting,vol.1,2000,pp.443~448.
Sun P,Zhang J F,Zhang D J,et al.Morphological Identification of Transformer Magnetizing InrushCurrent[J].IEE Electronics Letters,2002,38(9):437~438
Wu Q H,Zhang J F,Zhang D J.Ultra-high-speed irectional Protection of Transmissin Lines Using athematical Morphology[J].IEEE Trans on Power elivery,2003,8(4):1127~1133
董长虹.2004.MATLAB小波分析工具箱原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社:20~22
董凯达.2007.小电流接地系统单相接地故障测距方法的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文
方磊.2009.电力电缆故障定位方法研究及在线检测装置实现[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文
怀文军.2006.基于DSP的电力电缆故障测距方法研究[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文
胡鑫.2006.行波定位中定位波速的实时测量方法研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文
蒋涛.2005.基于暂态行波的输电线路故障测距研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文
贾贤龙.2007.基于TMS320F2812的微机线路保护装置的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文
康忠健.2008.基于形态小波的输电线路故障电流行波消噪研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,36(19):36~39
林湘宁.2002.电力系统超高速保护的形态学-小波综合滤波算法[J].中国电机工程学报,22(9);19~24
刘湖连,陈平.2004.现代行波故障测距原理分析与评价[J].电力系统自动化,27(12):81~85
李燕平.2008.多山地区农网架空线路故障定位技术研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士论文
马延凯.2006.基于小波小波分析的输电线路行波故障定位的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文
马丹丹.2008.输电线路故障暂态信号分析和行波测距研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文
马丹丹等.2009.基于小波模极大值的单端行波故障测距[J].电力系统保护与控制,37(3):55~59
庞军.2009.基于电压行波的输电线路故障定位方法研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文
清源科技.2003.TMS320LF240XDSP应用程序社计教程[M].机械工业出版社,47~49
全玉生,杨敏中,王晓蓉等.2000.高压架空输电线路的故障定位方法[J].电网技术,4(28):27~33
邱革非.2003.基于DSP技术的新型电力系统动态记录前置机的研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文
苏进喜,罗承沐.2000.利用双端电气量的高压长线故障测距算法[J].清华大学学报,40(7):27~30
孙延奎.2005.小波分析及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,219~244
束洪春.2006.对不受波速影响的输电线路单端行波法故障测距的探讨[J].继电器,34(8):16
桑亚平.2007.基于小波小波分析的输电线路行波故障定位的研究[D].东北农业大学硕士学位论文
吴必信,陈冬菊.1985.综述单端故障定位算法[J].电力自动化设备,3(55) :30~34
王超.2006.输电线路故障行波分析与定位[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文
王升花.2007.基于小波分析的输电线路故障测距的研究[D].中国石油大学硕士学位论文
吴建华.2008.基于TMS320LF2407A的电缆故障信号采集系统研究[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文
薛佳.2009.基于DSP的高压输电线路故障录波及测距装置的研究[D].内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文
易俊.2004.基于DSP的故障录波及精确测距装置的研制[D].武汉大学硕士学位论文
尹文琴.2007.数学形态学在电力系统中的应用综述[J].继电器,35(19):76~81
俞瑞亮.2008.小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线与定位[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文
张慧芬.2004.基于注入法的小电流接地系统故障定位新方法[J].电力系统自动化,28(3):64~66
章惠团,蔡自兴.2006.基于数学形态学的突发性故障快速定位方法[J].计算机测量与控制,14(1);9~11
赵智大.2006.高电压技术[M].中国电力出版社,116~130
张利.2009.中性点非有效接地系统单相接地行波定位方法的研究[D].华北电力大学博士学位论文
战凯.2009.基于DSP的输电线路行波故障测距研究[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文
Jung Chae-Kyun,Lee Jong-Beoni.2004. Fault location Using wavelet Transform in Combined Transmission Systems. IFAC(International Federation of Automatic Control) Symposium on Power Plants and Power Systems Control.2:617~22
Lee H,Mousa A M.GPS traveling wave fault locator systems:investigation into the anomalous measurements related to ightning strikes[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996, 11(3):1214~223
Novosel D,Hart D G,Udren E,et al.Unsynchronized two-terminal fault location estimation.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,Vol.11(1):130~1387
R.Das,M.S.Sachdev,and T.S.Sidhu,“A fault locator for radialsub-transmission and distribution lines,”in Proc.IEEE Power Eng.Soc.Summer Meeting,vol.1,2000,pp.443~448.
Sun P,Zhang J F,Zhang D J,et al.Morphological Identification of Transformer Magnetizing InrushCurrent[J].IEE Electronics Letters,2002,38(9):437~438
Wu Q H,Zhang J F,Zhang D J.Ultra-high-speed irectional Protection of Transmissin Lines Using athematical Morphology[J].IEEE Trans on Power elivery,2003,8(4):1127~1133