基于IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee协议的井下定位系统设计
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摘要
目前,国家对煤矿安全生产的重视程度已提升到前所未有的高度,但是矿难还在不断发生,而灾难发生后抢险救灾的不力暴露出目前监控系统的弊端：监控系统对入井人员管理困难,井上人员难以及时掌握井下人员的动态分布及作业情况。
本文从网络构成、协议栈等角度深入研究了IEEE 802.15.4协议和ZigBee无线通信技术,将ZigBee技术与几种无线传输技术进行比较总结出了ZigBee技术优势。随后对目前的主流井下人员定位系统(包括基于RFID的井下定位系统和基于ZigBee技术的井下定位系统)进行介绍和比较,得出了ZigBee技术应用于井下人员定位系统具有低成本、安全可靠、低功耗等多种优势。在此基础上,设计了基于IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee协议的井下定位系统总体方案。本系统采用ZigBee无线网络与CAN总线结合的方式构建数据通信平台,将井下工作人员的定位数据和瓦斯浓度等信息传输到井上控制中心。
本文介绍了基于IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee协议的井下定位系统功能和结构。详细阐述了系统硬件设备的电路设计,包括基于CC2430／CC2431的节点、网关节点和CAN总线模块；介绍了系统设备软件设计,并展示了简单的演示系统以检验定位效果。本文中的ZigBee网络开发是基于TI的ZigBee协议栈Z-Stack和IAR Embedded Workbench集成开发环境。
最后,对本课题未来的发展方向,ZigBee技术在其他领域的应用以及课题下一步开展的工作做了展望。
Mining safety is getting more important in China now. But the mining disaster happened over and over, dealing with the emergency doesn't work well due to absence of mining person position. Current monitor system has no dynamic distributing information of mining person.
This paper in-depth studies upon IEEE802.15.4 protocol and ZigBee wireless network technology from the aspects of networking and protocol stack. The advantage of ZigBee which contains low-cost, security and low-power can be obtained compared with other technologies. Then the paper introduces the underground personal positioning system based on ZigBee and RFID technologies, which are the two mainstream systems. It can be seen clearly that ZigBee is more applicable. On this basis, the system designed the comprehensive positioning system of IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol. The data communication platform, transmitting the data of positioning and gas concentration to the surface controlling center, is built by the combination of ZigBee wireless network system and CAN bus.
This thesis introduces the structure and function of the underground positioning system based on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee protocol. The paper presents the electrical circuits designing of the hardware devices for the system, which includes CC2430/CC2431 nodes, gateway nodes and CAN bus modules, and also tests the reliability of positioning by a simple demonstrating system. The construction of the ZigBee network is fulfilled with the assistance of Z-Stack and IAR Embedded Workbench environment.
In the end of the thesis, a prediction of the future research subjects is shown; the optimization of the positioning system and the latent application of the ZigBee technology in other areas are also demonstrated.
本文从网络构成、协议栈等角度深入研究了IEEE 802.15.4协议和ZigBee无线通信技术,将ZigBee技术与几种无线传输技术进行比较总结出了ZigBee技术优势。随后对目前的主流井下人员定位系统(包括基于RFID的井下定位系统和基于ZigBee技术的井下定位系统)进行介绍和比较,得出了ZigBee技术应用于井下人员定位系统具有低成本、安全可靠、低功耗等多种优势。在此基础上,设计了基于IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee协议的井下定位系统总体方案。本系统采用ZigBee无线网络与CAN总线结合的方式构建数据通信平台,将井下工作人员的定位数据和瓦斯浓度等信息传输到井上控制中心。
本文介绍了基于IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee协议的井下定位系统功能和结构。详细阐述了系统硬件设备的电路设计,包括基于CC2430／CC2431的节点、网关节点和CAN总线模块；介绍了系统设备软件设计,并展示了简单的演示系统以检验定位效果。本文中的ZigBee网络开发是基于TI的ZigBee协议栈Z-Stack和IAR Embedded Workbench集成开发环境。
最后,对本课题未来的发展方向,ZigBee技术在其他领域的应用以及课题下一步开展的工作做了展望。
Mining safety is getting more important in China now. But the mining disaster happened over and over, dealing with the emergency doesn't work well due to absence of mining person position. Current monitor system has no dynamic distributing information of mining person.
This paper in-depth studies upon IEEE802.15.4 protocol and ZigBee wireless network technology from the aspects of networking and protocol stack. The advantage of ZigBee which contains low-cost, security and low-power can be obtained compared with other technologies. Then the paper introduces the underground personal positioning system based on ZigBee and RFID technologies, which are the two mainstream systems. It can be seen clearly that ZigBee is more applicable. On this basis, the system designed the comprehensive positioning system of IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol. The data communication platform, transmitting the data of positioning and gas concentration to the surface controlling center, is built by the combination of ZigBee wireless network system and CAN bus.
This thesis introduces the structure and function of the underground positioning system based on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee protocol. The paper presents the electrical circuits designing of the hardware devices for the system, which includes CC2430/CC2431 nodes, gateway nodes and CAN bus modules, and also tests the reliability of positioning by a simple demonstrating system. The construction of the ZigBee network is fulfilled with the assistance of Z-Stack and IAR Embedded Workbench environment.
In the end of the thesis, a prediction of the future research subjects is shown; the optimization of the positioning system and the latent application of the ZigBee technology in other areas are also demonstrated.
引文
[1]宁炳武ZigBee网络组网研究与实现[D] [硕士论文] 大连大连理工大学2007
[2]IEEE 802 Working Group."Standard for Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)",ANSI/IEEE 802.15.4,Oct.2003.
[3]ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Specification Version 1.0.December 14.2004.
[4]耿晓立,邱选兵,魏计林基于ZigBee技术的井下人员定位系统的研究太原科技2008年第1期52-57
[5]Bluetooth.SIG Specification of the Bluetooth System Vo.1-Core[EB/OL], http://www.bluetooth.com,Version 1.1,2001-02.
[6]邱磊,肖兵基于IrDA协议栈的红外通信综述无线通信技术2004.428-32
[7]He T, Huang C, Blum B M, Stankovic J A, Abdelzaher T. Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks. In:Proc 9th Annual Int, 1 Conf on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) San Diego CA.,2003.81～95
[8]Priyantha N B, Balakrishnam H,Demaine E, Teller S Technical Report MIT-LCS-TR-892 April 2003 Anchor-free distributed localization in sensor networks. MIT Lab for Computer Science
[9]Niculescu D, Nash B. Ad hoc positioning system(APS) using AOA.In:Proc 22nd Annual Joint Conf of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM,2003). IEEE,Vol.3,2003
[10]Bulusu N,Heidemann J,Estrin D. GPS-less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices IEEE Personal Communications 7(5) 2000 28～34
[11]Nagpal R Organizing a global coordinate system from local information on an amorphous computer AI Memo 1666 MIT AI Laboratory 1999.8
[12]王宇,刘勇 盘江矿区煤矿井下人员定位系统设计初探[J] 贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)2005.4 18～21
[13]陶玉芬 RFID技术应用展望 电脑应用技术68 2006 5～8
[14]邵蓉,杨崇无线射频识别技术在矿井管理上的应用[J]无线射频识别技术在矿井管理上的应用 2006.11 39～40
[15]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松无线传感器网络北京清华大学出版社2005
[16]杨勇,王潜平,李玉良,李茂超高频移动视频无线通信系统在井下的应用煤矿机电2008年第5期16～20
[17]谢慧鹏,王建明,张晶晶 无线射频识别技术在矿井管理上的应用 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)2008(4)174～176
[18]王宝英,蔡雪梅,梅春燕,刘鹏基于ZigBee技术的智能交通网络研究重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版)2007(19)748～751
[19]王艳秋,曾维鲁,岳宇君ZigBee技术在仓储管理中的应用 通信技术41(11)2008 205～207
[20]刘胜福,刘和平 基于ZigBee的分布式智能复合探测无线消防报警系统自动化技术与应用 27(7)2008 67～70
[21]董大鹏,唐晓英,刘伟峰,孟旭ZigBee无线通信技术在医疗监护中的应用 生命科学仪器6 2008.04 25～28
[22]刘涛,赵计生 基于ZigBee技术的农田自动节水灌溉系统 测控技术27(2)2007 95～99
[2]IEEE 802 Working Group."Standard for Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)",ANSI/IEEE 802.15.4,Oct.2003.
[3]ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee Specification Version 1.0.December 14.2004.
[4]耿晓立,邱选兵,魏计林基于ZigBee技术的井下人员定位系统的研究太原科技2008年第1期52-57
[5]Bluetooth.SIG Specification of the Bluetooth System Vo.1-Core[EB/OL], http://www.bluetooth.com,Version 1.1,2001-02.
[6]邱磊,肖兵基于IrDA协议栈的红外通信综述无线通信技术2004.428-32
[7]He T, Huang C, Blum B M, Stankovic J A, Abdelzaher T. Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks. In:Proc 9th Annual Int, 1 Conf on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) San Diego CA.,2003.81～95
[8]Priyantha N B, Balakrishnam H,Demaine E, Teller S Technical Report MIT-LCS-TR-892 April 2003 Anchor-free distributed localization in sensor networks. MIT Lab for Computer Science
[9]Niculescu D, Nash B. Ad hoc positioning system(APS) using AOA.In:Proc 22nd Annual Joint Conf of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM,2003). IEEE,Vol.3,2003
[10]Bulusu N,Heidemann J,Estrin D. GPS-less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices IEEE Personal Communications 7(5) 2000 28～34
[11]Nagpal R Organizing a global coordinate system from local information on an amorphous computer AI Memo 1666 MIT AI Laboratory 1999.8
[12]王宇,刘勇 盘江矿区煤矿井下人员定位系统设计初探[J] 贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)2005.4 18～21
[13]陶玉芬 RFID技术应用展望 电脑应用技术68 2006 5～8
[14]邵蓉,杨崇无线射频识别技术在矿井管理上的应用[J]无线射频识别技术在矿井管理上的应用 2006.11 39～40
[15]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松无线传感器网络北京清华大学出版社2005
[16]杨勇,王潜平,李玉良,李茂超高频移动视频无线通信系统在井下的应用煤矿机电2008年第5期16～20
[17]谢慧鹏,王建明,张晶晶 无线射频识别技术在矿井管理上的应用 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)2008(4)174～176
[18]王宝英,蔡雪梅,梅春燕,刘鹏基于ZigBee技术的智能交通网络研究重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版)2007(19)748～751
[19]王艳秋,曾维鲁,岳宇君ZigBee技术在仓储管理中的应用 通信技术41(11)2008 205～207
[20]刘胜福,刘和平 基于ZigBee的分布式智能复合探测无线消防报警系统自动化技术与应用 27(7)2008 67～70
[21]董大鹏,唐晓英,刘伟峰,孟旭ZigBee无线通信技术在医疗监护中的应用 生命科学仪器6 2008.04 25～28
[22]刘涛,赵计生 基于ZigBee技术的农田自动节水灌溉系统 测控技术27(2)2007 95～99
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