基于GIS的炮兵控制网的优化设计
摘要
现代战争中,变化急剧的战场情况,短促的战斗准备时间,要求炮兵能迅速完成射击准备。炮兵如何精确、快速发扬火力对测地分队的测地保障提出了更高的要求。作为测地基础的炮兵控制网,直接影响着炮兵火力打击的速度和精度。因而保证炮兵控制测量的精度、速度,将是现代炮兵控制测量的最大问题。
我军在控制测量方面也有一些辅助设计软件,但事实上,现有的辅助设计软件在辅助控制网技术设计时效率较低,非常不方便。致使现在的测量技术设计只能是完成“布点方案”的设计,而不要求定量的预估图形精度。随着计算机软件技术,特别是可视化技术以及组件GIS技术的发展,基于电子地图进行控制网优化设计成为可能。通过对地形条件、天侯气象、地理环境的分析及网内边长、角度的计算,可优选出控制点和控制网作业方法,并应用文中提出的图形精度优化方案进行优选控制网,可以大大提高设计控制网的效率,使设计方案更贴近实际、更可行、更接近与最优。
本文主要介绍了地理信息系统和炮兵控制网的优化设计,重点对控制点布设和控制网作业方法进行优选,并通过对控制网图形精度进行分析,推导了炮兵控制网图形精度相对点位误差传播的公式,依据软件工程的理论和方法,提出了Visual C++ 6.0编程环境下采用面向对象的方法,在Map Info平台上进行了二次发的设计思想。该系统的研制,可以初步实现了炮兵控制网的优化设计、地形分析、控制网角度及距离的量算和测地的基本交会计算(前方交会、后方交会、侧方交会)等。加快了炮兵构建和加密控制网(点)的速度,提高了炮兵的作战效能,为测绘人员精确、快速构建控制网提供有力支持。
In the modern war, because of the rapid change of battle field change, short combat readiness time, Artilleryman must make fire readiness in a short time, more high requirements which be put forward in survey support is how to develop maximum fire-power precisely quickly. Artillery field control net which is basic element of survey has direct impact on the rate and precision of Artillery fire strike. So, ensure the precision and rate is the key to control survey of modern Artillery.
The text introduce mainly the optimization and designation of geographic information system, and Artillery field control net, put emphasis on excellent selection of distribution of control point and the work of survey grid. It conclude the formula compared the precision of graph of Artillery field control net with the incensement of mean square error of a point by anglicizing the precision of graph of the net. According to theory and method of SE, adopting the method of object-oriented under Visual c++ six and caring on the second development in Map Info platform, I have written system software of optimization and designation of Artillery field control net. The development of this system have realized preliminarily activities as following: optimization and designation of artillery field control net, terrain analysis, the angle of control net work, the measure and calculation of distance and the basic intersection computation (forward intersection computation, resection computation, side intersection computation) cite. It’s helpful to accelerate the speed of formulating and encoding Artillery field control net (point), improve the Raillery combat effectiveness and rapidly ensure the precision and rate of formulating control net work.
我军在控制测量方面也有一些辅助设计软件,但事实上,现有的辅助设计软件在辅助控制网技术设计时效率较低,非常不方便。致使现在的测量技术设计只能是完成“布点方案”的设计,而不要求定量的预估图形精度。随着计算机软件技术,特别是可视化技术以及组件GIS技术的发展,基于电子地图进行控制网优化设计成为可能。通过对地形条件、天侯气象、地理环境的分析及网内边长、角度的计算,可优选出控制点和控制网作业方法,并应用文中提出的图形精度优化方案进行优选控制网,可以大大提高设计控制网的效率,使设计方案更贴近实际、更可行、更接近与最优。
本文主要介绍了地理信息系统和炮兵控制网的优化设计,重点对控制点布设和控制网作业方法进行优选,并通过对控制网图形精度进行分析,推导了炮兵控制网图形精度相对点位误差传播的公式,依据软件工程的理论和方法,提出了Visual C++ 6.0编程环境下采用面向对象的方法,在Map Info平台上进行了二次发的设计思想。该系统的研制,可以初步实现了炮兵控制网的优化设计、地形分析、控制网角度及距离的量算和测地的基本交会计算(前方交会、后方交会、侧方交会)等。加快了炮兵构建和加密控制网(点)的速度,提高了炮兵的作战效能,为测绘人员精确、快速构建控制网提供有力支持。
In the modern war, because of the rapid change of battle field change, short combat readiness time, Artilleryman must make fire readiness in a short time, more high requirements which be put forward in survey support is how to develop maximum fire-power precisely quickly. Artillery field control net which is basic element of survey has direct impact on the rate and precision of Artillery fire strike. So, ensure the precision and rate is the key to control survey of modern Artillery.
The text introduce mainly the optimization and designation of geographic information system, and Artillery field control net, put emphasis on excellent selection of distribution of control point and the work of survey grid. It conclude the formula compared the precision of graph of Artillery field control net with the incensement of mean square error of a point by anglicizing the precision of graph of the net. According to theory and method of SE, adopting the method of object-oriented under Visual c++ six and caring on the second development in Map Info platform, I have written system software of optimization and designation of Artillery field control net. The development of this system have realized preliminarily activities as following: optimization and designation of artillery field control net, terrain analysis, the angle of control net work, the measure and calculation of distance and the basic intersection computation (forward intersection computation, resection computation, side intersection computation) cite. It’s helpful to accelerate the speed of formulating and encoding Artillery field control net (point), improve the Raillery combat effectiveness and rapidly ensure the precision and rate of formulating control net work.
引文
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[28]石军南.DEM生成及其在森林公园规划中的应用[M].中南林业调查规划,2001
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[35]总参测绘局.作战测绘保障专业基础[M].2003.5
[36]龚波.SQL Server 2000教程[M].北京希望电子出版社,2002.7
[37]诸云强.GIS中的地图投影变换[M].首都师范大学学报,2001
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[47]张新长.地理信息系统数据库[M].科学出版社,2005.2
[48]邬伦等.地理信息系统原理、方法和应用[M].科学出版社,2001
[49]刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程[M].清华大学出版社,2003
[50]郭安华.合同战术学教程[M].国防大学出版社,2000.2
[51]朱德成.指挥自动化系统工程[M].电子工业出版社,2001
[2]聂庆华.数字环境[M].科学出版社,2005.6
[3]总参测绘局.数字地图管理与应用[M].2003.5
[4]罗云启.数字化地理信息系统建设与Mapinfo高级应用[M].清华大学出版社,2003.5
[5]王飞,曹启华.军事地形分析建模与应用[M].国防大学出版社,2000.5
[6]李耐国.军事情报研究[M].军事科学出版社,2001.12
[7]贺有,朱淼清.炮兵侦察技术与指挥[M].炮兵学院南京分院,2006.8
[8]中国人民解放军军事地理学会.现代作战地理环境与MGIS[M].解放军出版社,2000.8
[9]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现[M].电子工业出版社,2002
[10]郭仁忠.空间分析[M].武汉测绘大学出版社,2002.12
[11]李志林.数字高程模型[M].武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2000.1
[12]李恒劭等.战场信息系统[M].国防工业出版社,2003
[13]吴翔.信息化条件下作战炮兵数理战术[M].解放军出版社,2004.5
[14]总参谋部测绘局.数字地图制图与地理信息工程[M].解放军出版社,2000
[15]刘怡昕.炮兵射击学[M].海军出版社,2000.8
[16]王家耀.军事地理信息系统[M].解放军出版社,1996
[17]刘来福.数学模型与数学建模[M].北京师范大学出版社,1997
[18]胡丹露.数字化战场环境研究[M].解放军出版社,2000
[19]刘浩.MIS系统开发与应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2005.7
[20]张树兵.Visual Basic 6.0中文版入门与提高[M].清华大学出版社,2005.8
[21]刘浩.Visual Basic+Access数据库应用系统开发与实例[M].人民邮电出版社,2004.11
[22]高春艳.Visual Basic程序开发范例宝典[M].人民邮电出版社,2006.7
[23]王家耀.空间信息系统原理[M].科学出版社,2001
[24]李闽溟.数据库系统开发实例导航[M].电子工业出版社,2004.2
[25]都基焱.军事情报学[M].海潮出版社,.2003.2
[26]李腊元.计算机网络技术[M].国防工业出版社,2001
[27]范大凯,吴建平.基于MapX的GIS应用开发实例[M].东北测绘,2001
[28]石军南.DEM生成及其在森林公园规划中的应用[M].中南林业调查规划,2001
[29]颜辉武,吴小芳.VC++环境下基于MapX的GIS应用软件开发[M].昆明理工大学学报,2001
[30]齐锐,屈韶琳.用MapX开发地理信息系统[M].清华大学出版社,2003.11
[31]国家干线公路路线名称和编号[M].地理信息系统论坛,2004
[32]全国高速公路、一级公路临时编号[M].地理信息系统论坛,2004
[33]吕志慧.基于OpenGL的区域三维可视化[M].郑州工业大学学报,2001
[34]黄杏元,马劲松等.地理信息系统概论[M].高等教育出版社,2001
[35]总参测绘局.作战测绘保障专业基础[M].2003.5
[36]龚波.SQL Server 2000教程[M].北京希望电子出版社,2002.7
[37]诸云强.GIS中的地图投影变换[M].首都师范大学学报,2001
[38] Open GIS Consortium. Abstract Model Overview[EB/ OL] .http:/ / www. opengis.org/.2001
[39] William Martin and Frank van Diggelen. GPS and GLONASS Technology. Geomatics Info Magazine.1997
[40] Mohamed A. Abousalem. Performance Overview of Two WADGPS Algorithms.GPSworld.1997
[41] William Martin and Frank van Diggelen. GPS+GLONASS Technology. Geomatics Info Magazine,1997
[42] Geodetic Survey Division. 1996. Accuracy Standards for Positioning(Version 1.0)
[43] Vanicek P,1991. Geodesy: Still the Scientific Backbone of Surverying and Mapping.CISM Journal ACSGC.
[44] Open GIS Coleman ,2006.Topic2: Spatial Systems, The Open GIS Specification Model.
[45] John F. Spencer, 2003. Geospatial metadata standards for geodetic data. 2003 ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention and Exposition Technical Papers.
[46]华一新等.地理信息系统原理与技术[M].解放军出版社,2000
[47]张新长.地理信息系统数据库[M].科学出版社,2005.2
[48]邬伦等.地理信息系统原理、方法和应用[M].科学出版社,2001
[49]刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程[M].清华大学出版社,2003
[50]郭安华.合同战术学教程[M].国防大学出版社,2000.2
[51]朱德成.指挥自动化系统工程[M].电子工业出版社,2001