无线局域网中竞争窗口控制的研究
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摘要
无线局域网凭借其移动性强、灵活性好、易于扩展、成本低廉等特点,近年来得到了迅速的发展并被广泛地应用,被看作是未来个人通信系统的重要组成部分。IEEE 802.11系列标准是无线局域网中应用最为广泛的技术标准。
IEEE 802.11系列标准在MAC层采用CSMA/CA机制,通过二进制指数退避算法控制竞争窗口的大小,以此安排无线局域网中每个节点接入无线信道的顺序。但是,这种竞争窗口控制方法使得IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网的实际吞吐量远远低于其物理层速率所能达到的吞吐量,而且使得无线局域网的公平性较差,这些在网络中的竞争节点数量较多时尤为明显,而且,随着IEEE 802.11系列标准增加了对服务质量以及多速率等的支持,竞争窗口对这些方面的影响也值得关注。本文对于IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网中的竞争窗口控制问题进行了研究,主要研究成果如下:1)IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网中的竞争窗口参数调整问题:针对目前在IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网中,大多数竞争窗口的控制方法较为复杂,从而难以在实际中实现的问题,分析了使用指数退避算法时,竞争窗口的参数(包括竞争窗口最小值和最大值)对无线局域网的饱和吞吐量的影响,提出了易于实现的竞争窗口参数调整算法CWPA。CWPA只需要通过对二进制指数退避算法中的竞争窗口的最小值和最大值做简单调整,就能够使网络获得更好的性能。模拟实验表明,与原有的IEEE 802.11的MAC层机制相比较,CWPA在吞吐量和公平性方面,都能够获得更好的结果。
2)IEEE 802.11e无线局域网中竞争窗口对确定比例的服务质量的影响:针对目前IEEE 802.11e标准中的二进制指数退避算法无法对确定比例的服务质量提供很好的支持的问题,设计了新的分布式的竞争窗口控制算法。新的竞争窗口控制算法通过侦听信道中的连续空闲时隙数估计信道的忙碌程度,根据已知的吞吐量比率对竞争窗口进行控制,以使信道中的连续空闲时隙数接近理论上的近似最优值,从而在最大化网络吞吐量的同时,实现确定比例的服务质量。模拟实验表明,我们的分布式竞争窗口控制算法可以对确定比例的服务质量提供很好的支持。
3)IEEE 802.11系列多速率无线局域网中竞争窗口对网络性能的影响:在多速率无线局域网中,帧冲突是影响速率调整算法提高网络性能的重要原因之一。针对目前的速率调整算法无法减少网络中的帧冲突的问题,研究了IEEE 802.11系列多速率无线局域网中竞争窗口对饱和吞吐量的影响,指出了以往的速率调整算法无法减少网络中的帧冲突的原因,提出了在多速率无线局域网中使用竞争窗口控制算法来减少帧冲突,从而改进网络性能的方法。模拟实验表明,在多速率无线局域网中,竞争窗口控制算法的引入,可以在已有的速率调整算法的基础上,使网络性能大大提高,获得更好的吞吐量和公平性。
In recent years, wireless LANs are becoming increasingly prevalent and have been widely used for their mobility, flexibility, easy extension and low cost. Wireless LANs have been interpreted as an integral part of future's personal communication systems. As the most widely used standards, IEEE 802.11x protocols are the most widely used standards in wireless LANs.
IEEE 802.11 standards use CSMA/CA mechanism in MAC layer. Each node is scheduled to access the wireless channel through the contention window control algorithm, which is named as binary exponential back-off algorithm. But using this mechanism, wireless LANs achieve not only lower throughput comparing with physical rate, but also poor fairness, especially when the number of contending nodes is large. Furthermore, some other functions have been added to support QoS and multi-rate, so the impact of the contention window control on these aspects also should be focused. The main results of the dissertation are as follows:
1) Contention window parameters control in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs: Most of current contention window control algorithms are complicated to realized in practical environment. So this dissertation studies the impact of contention window parameters(including the minimum contention window and the maximum contention window) on the saturation throughput of wireless LANs when using binary exponential back-off algorithm. CWPA(Contention Window Parameters Adaptation), which may be easy to implement, is presented. In CWPA, only the minimum contention window and maximum contention window are adapted to improving the performance of wireless LANs. The simulation results show that, comparing with the MAC mechanism of IEEE 802.11 standards, CWPA obtains higher throughput and better fairness.
2) The impact of contention window on the derterministic proportional QoS: In wireless LANs, IEEE 802.11e can't properly support deterministic proportional QoS because of the binary exponential back-off algorithm used in it. To solve this problem, this dissertation presents a distributed algorithm of contention window control. In our algorithm, each node estimates the number of consecutive idle slots in wireless LANs, and then controls the contention window based on the throughput ratio of each node. By converging the average number of consecutive idle slots to its approximately optimal value through contention window control, deterministic proportional QoS in wireless LANs can be supported. Simulation results also demonstrate that the proposed method can support deterministic proportional QoS.
3) The impact of contention window control on the performance of IEEE 802.11 multi-rate wireless LANs: Collisions have negative impact on the performance of wireless LANs, and it can't be eliminated by rate adaptation. This dissertation studies the impact of contention window on the saturated throughput in IEEE 802.11 multi-rate wireless LANs. The ineffectiveness of rate adaptation on collisions is investigated, and present to improve the performance of multi-rate wireless LANs by decreasing collisions through the contention window control. Simulation results show that, combining rate adaptation with contention window control can achieve much better network performances, including throughput and fairness, than only using rate adaptation in IEEE 802.11 multi-rate wireless LANs.
IEEE 802.11系列标准在MAC层采用CSMA/CA机制,通过二进制指数退避算法控制竞争窗口的大小,以此安排无线局域网中每个节点接入无线信道的顺序。但是,这种竞争窗口控制方法使得IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网的实际吞吐量远远低于其物理层速率所能达到的吞吐量,而且使得无线局域网的公平性较差,这些在网络中的竞争节点数量较多时尤为明显,而且,随着IEEE 802.11系列标准增加了对服务质量以及多速率等的支持,竞争窗口对这些方面的影响也值得关注。本文对于IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网中的竞争窗口控制问题进行了研究,主要研究成果如下:1)IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网中的竞争窗口参数调整问题:针对目前在IEEE 802.11系列无线局域网中,大多数竞争窗口的控制方法较为复杂,从而难以在实际中实现的问题,分析了使用指数退避算法时,竞争窗口的参数(包括竞争窗口最小值和最大值)对无线局域网的饱和吞吐量的影响,提出了易于实现的竞争窗口参数调整算法CWPA。CWPA只需要通过对二进制指数退避算法中的竞争窗口的最小值和最大值做简单调整,就能够使网络获得更好的性能。模拟实验表明,与原有的IEEE 802.11的MAC层机制相比较,CWPA在吞吐量和公平性方面,都能够获得更好的结果。
2)IEEE 802.11e无线局域网中竞争窗口对确定比例的服务质量的影响:针对目前IEEE 802.11e标准中的二进制指数退避算法无法对确定比例的服务质量提供很好的支持的问题,设计了新的分布式的竞争窗口控制算法。新的竞争窗口控制算法通过侦听信道中的连续空闲时隙数估计信道的忙碌程度,根据已知的吞吐量比率对竞争窗口进行控制,以使信道中的连续空闲时隙数接近理论上的近似最优值,从而在最大化网络吞吐量的同时,实现确定比例的服务质量。模拟实验表明,我们的分布式竞争窗口控制算法可以对确定比例的服务质量提供很好的支持。
3)IEEE 802.11系列多速率无线局域网中竞争窗口对网络性能的影响:在多速率无线局域网中,帧冲突是影响速率调整算法提高网络性能的重要原因之一。针对目前的速率调整算法无法减少网络中的帧冲突的问题,研究了IEEE 802.11系列多速率无线局域网中竞争窗口对饱和吞吐量的影响,指出了以往的速率调整算法无法减少网络中的帧冲突的原因,提出了在多速率无线局域网中使用竞争窗口控制算法来减少帧冲突,从而改进网络性能的方法。模拟实验表明,在多速率无线局域网中,竞争窗口控制算法的引入,可以在已有的速率调整算法的基础上,使网络性能大大提高,获得更好的吞吐量和公平性。
In recent years, wireless LANs are becoming increasingly prevalent and have been widely used for their mobility, flexibility, easy extension and low cost. Wireless LANs have been interpreted as an integral part of future's personal communication systems. As the most widely used standards, IEEE 802.11x protocols are the most widely used standards in wireless LANs.
IEEE 802.11 standards use CSMA/CA mechanism in MAC layer. Each node is scheduled to access the wireless channel through the contention window control algorithm, which is named as binary exponential back-off algorithm. But using this mechanism, wireless LANs achieve not only lower throughput comparing with physical rate, but also poor fairness, especially when the number of contending nodes is large. Furthermore, some other functions have been added to support QoS and multi-rate, so the impact of the contention window control on these aspects also should be focused. The main results of the dissertation are as follows:
1) Contention window parameters control in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs: Most of current contention window control algorithms are complicated to realized in practical environment. So this dissertation studies the impact of contention window parameters(including the minimum contention window and the maximum contention window) on the saturation throughput of wireless LANs when using binary exponential back-off algorithm. CWPA(Contention Window Parameters Adaptation), which may be easy to implement, is presented. In CWPA, only the minimum contention window and maximum contention window are adapted to improving the performance of wireless LANs. The simulation results show that, comparing with the MAC mechanism of IEEE 802.11 standards, CWPA obtains higher throughput and better fairness.
2) The impact of contention window on the derterministic proportional QoS: In wireless LANs, IEEE 802.11e can't properly support deterministic proportional QoS because of the binary exponential back-off algorithm used in it. To solve this problem, this dissertation presents a distributed algorithm of contention window control. In our algorithm, each node estimates the number of consecutive idle slots in wireless LANs, and then controls the contention window based on the throughput ratio of each node. By converging the average number of consecutive idle slots to its approximately optimal value through contention window control, deterministic proportional QoS in wireless LANs can be supported. Simulation results also demonstrate that the proposed method can support deterministic proportional QoS.
3) The impact of contention window control on the performance of IEEE 802.11 multi-rate wireless LANs: Collisions have negative impact on the performance of wireless LANs, and it can't be eliminated by rate adaptation. This dissertation studies the impact of contention window on the saturated throughput in IEEE 802.11 multi-rate wireless LANs. The ineffectiveness of rate adaptation on collisions is investigated, and present to improve the performance of multi-rate wireless LANs by decreasing collisions through the contention window control. Simulation results show that, combining rate adaptation with contention window control can achieve much better network performances, including throughput and fairness, than only using rate adaptation in IEEE 802.11 multi-rate wireless LANs.
引文
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