广西大厂锡多金属矿田分散元素矿床地球化学研究
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摘要
广西大厂锡多金属矿田是我国著名的锡多金属生产基地之一,其伴生分散元素种类之多,储量之大更为世界罕见。论文以大厂锡多金属矿田中富含分散元素的若干矿床为研究对象,在系统野外地质工作的基础上,运用化学分析、等离子质谱分析、电子探针等手段对矿石、容矿围岩和单矿物等开展了元素地球化学、稳定同位素地球化学以及分散元素分布特征和赋存状态等方面的综合研究,对区内分散元素铟、镉、镓、锗的赋存状态和富集规律及锡多金属矿的成矿条件进行了较为系统的总结。
采用ICP-MS对闪锌矿和矿石中分散元素及微量元素的含量进行测定,查明了大厂锡多金属矿田分散元素In、Cd、Ga、Ge主要以类质同象的形式赋存于闪锌矿中,Ga可能还存在显微吸附的形式。
发现大厂锡多金属矿田闪锌矿中Fe的含量只是影响其颜色的重要元素。通过采用ICP-MS精确测定不同颜色闪锌矿中微量元素的含量,确定Fe含量并非闪锌矿颜色的唯一决定元素,镉在深色闪锌矿中也可以得到超常富集。
通过研究铟、镉、镓的地球化学行为,在大厂锡多金属矿田不同矿体、不同矿石中分布特征,初步总结了铟、镉、镓在大厂锡多金属矿田的富集规律,并指出了分散元素富集的有利部位。
提出了大厂锡多金属矿田各个矿床是同一岩浆-热构造事件不同阶段的产物。在考察龙箱盖黑云母花岗岩体与大厂锡多金属矿田在空间上紧密接触关系的基础上,根据矿田的成岩成矿时代,龙箱盖花岗岩体、大厂锡多金属矿田各矿床矿石的微量元素和稀土元素的组成特征,结合岩石及各种矿化类型矿石硫化物S、Pb同位素测试结果,表明大厂锡多金属矿田不同类型矿体硫的主要来源是相同的,铅的来源也是基本一致的,同位素值的变化与成矿过程密切相关,呈现出与成矿流体自下而上、自中心向两侧迁移中相同的演化过程。
运用多因复成理论,通过对区域地质背景、矿田地质特征、矿床地球化学等方面的研究,探讨地质构造与容矿围岩对成矿的制约,认为大厂锡多金属矿田在成因上为岩浆叠加改造混合热液多因复成型。
The well-known Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field in Guangxi province is particularly rare in the world due to abundant dispersed elements and huge reserve. In this paper, based on the field study, a comprehensive investigation was carried out on the element geochemistry, stable isotopes, and distribution and occurrence state of dispersed elements in ores, ore-bearing wall rocks and mineral separates in this area, using chemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electron microprobe. In addition, a systematic summarization was made on the occurrence state and enrichment regulation of dispersed elements (e.g. In, Cd, Ga and Ge), and the genesis of Tin-polymetallic deposits.
The analysis on concentrations of dispersed elements and trace elements in sphalerite and ores was also conducted by using ICP-MS, revealing that the dispersed elements (i.e. In, Cd, Ga and Ge) in the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field mainly exist in sphalerite as isomorphism, and Ga possibly enters the crystal lattice by micro-absorption.
The amount of Fe in sphalerite simply takes an important effect on the color of the deposits. However, by the accurate ICP-MS testing on the amount of trace elements in sphalerite with different colors, we ensure that the amount of Fe is not the only determinative factor for the color of sphalerite and Ge can be extraordinarily enriched in dark sphalerite.
A preliminary summary on the enrichment regulation for In, Ge and Ga in the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field is given and potentially favorable locations for the enrichment of dispersed elements are pointed out as well, on the basis of the study of geochemical behaviour of In, Ge and Ga and the distribution features of such elements in different ores and ore bodies.
The mineral deposits in the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field are considered to represent products of the same tectonic-magmatic thermal event but at different stages. In combination with the close spatial association of the Longxianggai biotite granite and Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field, the formation ages of rocks and mineral deposits, and the characteristics of trace and rare-earth elements in the Longxianggai granite and ores from the mineral deposits, the sulfur and lead isotopic analyses on sulfides in the rocks and ores of different mineralization types reveal that sulfur in those ore bodies of different types comes from the same source as well as lead, and that the isotopic variation trend of those mineral deposits is intimately related to the ore-forming process, similar to that of the ore-forming fluid migrating from the bottom to the top and from the center to the sides.
Based on the polygenetic compound theory, in combination with the study of regional geology, the geological characteristics of the ore field and mineral deposit geochemistry, this study discusses the constraint from geological structures and ore-bearing wall rocks on the mineralization and presents that the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field genetically belongs to polygenetic compound type relevant to magmatic-hydrothermal superimposition and modification.
采用ICP-MS对闪锌矿和矿石中分散元素及微量元素的含量进行测定,查明了大厂锡多金属矿田分散元素In、Cd、Ga、Ge主要以类质同象的形式赋存于闪锌矿中,Ga可能还存在显微吸附的形式。
发现大厂锡多金属矿田闪锌矿中Fe的含量只是影响其颜色的重要元素。通过采用ICP-MS精确测定不同颜色闪锌矿中微量元素的含量,确定Fe含量并非闪锌矿颜色的唯一决定元素,镉在深色闪锌矿中也可以得到超常富集。
通过研究铟、镉、镓的地球化学行为,在大厂锡多金属矿田不同矿体、不同矿石中分布特征,初步总结了铟、镉、镓在大厂锡多金属矿田的富集规律,并指出了分散元素富集的有利部位。
提出了大厂锡多金属矿田各个矿床是同一岩浆-热构造事件不同阶段的产物。在考察龙箱盖黑云母花岗岩体与大厂锡多金属矿田在空间上紧密接触关系的基础上,根据矿田的成岩成矿时代,龙箱盖花岗岩体、大厂锡多金属矿田各矿床矿石的微量元素和稀土元素的组成特征,结合岩石及各种矿化类型矿石硫化物S、Pb同位素测试结果,表明大厂锡多金属矿田不同类型矿体硫的主要来源是相同的,铅的来源也是基本一致的,同位素值的变化与成矿过程密切相关,呈现出与成矿流体自下而上、自中心向两侧迁移中相同的演化过程。
运用多因复成理论,通过对区域地质背景、矿田地质特征、矿床地球化学等方面的研究,探讨地质构造与容矿围岩对成矿的制约,认为大厂锡多金属矿田在成因上为岩浆叠加改造混合热液多因复成型。
The well-known Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field in Guangxi province is particularly rare in the world due to abundant dispersed elements and huge reserve. In this paper, based on the field study, a comprehensive investigation was carried out on the element geochemistry, stable isotopes, and distribution and occurrence state of dispersed elements in ores, ore-bearing wall rocks and mineral separates in this area, using chemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electron microprobe. In addition, a systematic summarization was made on the occurrence state and enrichment regulation of dispersed elements (e.g. In, Cd, Ga and Ge), and the genesis of Tin-polymetallic deposits.
The analysis on concentrations of dispersed elements and trace elements in sphalerite and ores was also conducted by using ICP-MS, revealing that the dispersed elements (i.e. In, Cd, Ga and Ge) in the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field mainly exist in sphalerite as isomorphism, and Ga possibly enters the crystal lattice by micro-absorption.
The amount of Fe in sphalerite simply takes an important effect on the color of the deposits. However, by the accurate ICP-MS testing on the amount of trace elements in sphalerite with different colors, we ensure that the amount of Fe is not the only determinative factor for the color of sphalerite and Ge can be extraordinarily enriched in dark sphalerite.
A preliminary summary on the enrichment regulation for In, Ge and Ga in the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field is given and potentially favorable locations for the enrichment of dispersed elements are pointed out as well, on the basis of the study of geochemical behaviour of In, Ge and Ga and the distribution features of such elements in different ores and ore bodies.
The mineral deposits in the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field are considered to represent products of the same tectonic-magmatic thermal event but at different stages. In combination with the close spatial association of the Longxianggai biotite granite and Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field, the formation ages of rocks and mineral deposits, and the characteristics of trace and rare-earth elements in the Longxianggai granite and ores from the mineral deposits, the sulfur and lead isotopic analyses on sulfides in the rocks and ores of different mineralization types reveal that sulfur in those ore bodies of different types comes from the same source as well as lead, and that the isotopic variation trend of those mineral deposits is intimately related to the ore-forming process, similar to that of the ore-forming fluid migrating from the bottom to the top and from the center to the sides.
Based on the polygenetic compound theory, in combination with the study of regional geology, the geological characteristics of the ore field and mineral deposit geochemistry, this study discusses the constraint from geological structures and ore-bearing wall rocks on the mineralization and presents that the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field genetically belongs to polygenetic compound type relevant to magmatic-hydrothermal superimposition and modification.
引文
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