灾后重建背景下的四川乡村生态旅游规划研究
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摘要
随着我国城乡一体化进程的加快,城乡居民收入增加,人们越来越推崇乡村旅游活动。乡村旅游不仅成为人们回归自然、放逸身心、体验农村生活、感受自然野趣的主要方式之一,而且可以有效培育农业经济新的增长点,推动农业产业结构的调整和优化；带动农民致富增收,促进城市和乡村经济繁荣与文化融合。然而,传统的乡村旅游在发展过程中对乡村生态环境资源产生了污染和破坏,对当地居民的正常生活产生了干扰,因此,强调可持续发展的旅游方式——乡村生态旅游应运而生。
20世纪80年代初,四川省成都市开始发展乡村旅游,是“中国农家乐旅游发源地”。之后,乡村旅游业在四川省各地都迅猛发展,对促进当地农业产业结构调整和实现社会转型,推动社会主义新农村建设做出了巨大贡献。然而2008年5月12日发生的汶川大地震,使四川旅游业受到沉重打击。作为四川旅游支柱之一的乡村旅游业也遭受重创,尤其是沿龙门山断裂带的乡村旅游几乎全部损毁。为此,国务院颁布了一系列的政策条例,尤其在《汶川地震灾后恢复重建总体规划》中明确提出：“将实施重振旅游工程,加强重点旅游区和精品旅游线建设,恢复重建按重要景区景点、民族特色旅游城镇和村落,恢复发展以农家乐为主要形式的乡村旅游。”
基于上述社会背景,本文在参考借鉴国内外专家学者研究成果的基础上,运用文献调查法、计算机辅助设计、实证研究法以及归纳演绎等方法,对“5·12"汶川地震灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划进行研究,并且以四川省绵竹市遵道镇棚花村生态旅游规划为例,探索其生态旅游规划框架,为“5·12”汶川地震灾后乡村恢复重建,发展灾区经济提、改善人民生活提供一定的参考与借鉴。
全文共由六部分组成。绪论部分论述“5·12”汶川地震后开展乡村生态旅游的重要意义,提出了论文的研究内容和研究方法。文献综述部分通过对乡村旅游、生态旅游及乡村生态旅游的概念及其类型进行详细阐述,归纳和审视了乡村生态旅游的内涵和特征,系统评述了国内外乡村生态旅游研究进展。
第三部分回顾了四川乡村旅游的发展历程,归纳总结出四川乡村旅游的构成及特征,探索四川乡村生态旅游规划的新渠道。
第四部分是灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划方法研究,在总结旅游规划的主要理论依据和机制的基础上,分析了“5·12”汶川地震重建中乡村生态旅游开发亟需解决的问题,探讨了乡村生态旅游规划框架,尝试性地构建了灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划体系。
棚花村作为“5·12”汶川地震极重灾区的典型代表,拥有独特的生态旅游资源,开发乡村生态旅游具有很大的潜力,作为灾后乡村生态旅游规划案例研究具有一定的典型性。第五部分以四川省绵竹市遵道镇棚花村生态旅游规划为例,通过多次现场勘探,资料收集,采用科学的分析评价方法,从乡村生态环境保育、乡村景观规划、游线组织规划、生态旅游设施规划、旅游产品规划以及生态旅游规划实施办法等方面探析棚花村生态旅游规划,构建灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划框架,寻找既可保护灾区生态环境又可解决当地居民生产、生活、发展的模式,实现生态,经济和社会的协调发展。
结论部分全面总结了本文理论及实证研究结果以及存在的不足,对四川乡村生态旅游灾后重建规划实践有一定的现实参考借鉴意义。
With the fast development of the urban-rural integration process and the increase of income, ecotourism has become more and more preferrable by people. It has not been only a way to relax, experience in rural areas and the fun of nature, but also an efficient approach to create a new agricultural economic growth point to promote the adjustment and optimization of the agricultural industrial structure, poverty alleviation, aimed at increasing farmer's income and to promote the prosperity of agricultural economy as well as the integration of culture. However, the traditional ecotourism has encountered many problems in its way of development, such as the increase of tourists, which had caused pollution and damage to rural environment, and the blindness development, which had caused the damage to the natural resource and interference of the residents' normal life. Based on this background, rural ecotourism, a new type of tourism with emphasis on sustainable development has taken its place.
At the beginning of 80th in 20th century, ecotourism has been proposed in Chengdu called "cradle of Chinese ecotourism". Since then, ecotourism develop rapidly in many places in Sichuan which has made great contributions to promoting adjustment to agricultural industrial structure, success in achieving social transformation and construction of new socialistic country. Unfortunately, the Wenchuan earthquake happened in may 12,2008 has overwhelmed Sichuan's travel industry. Rural ecotourism, one of the four pillar travel industry, has also suffered from badly damage by the earthquake. Eco-tourist destination along the earthquake fault zone of Longmen Mountain has been wholly destroyed. Therefore, state council has promulgated a series of policies.《the overall planning of reconstruction after the Wenchuan earthquake》was pointed out that:"To revitalize travel industry, enforce the reconstruction of key scenic spot and tourist routes, rebuilting the key scenic areas as well as towns and cities which featured with national characteristics was proposed to revitalize ecotourism that mainly formed in farm tourism."
Based on the background above, this article refer to the research achievements made by experts in abroad, GIS, AutoCAD and inductive-deductive methods were implied to analyze the overall planning of ecotourism in Sichuan after the earthquake. As the planning of ecotourism in penghua village in Mianzhu as an example, a guideline of planning for the reconstruction of rural areas and methods of developing economy and improving qualities of people's lives after the earthquake were studied.
There are 6 parts in the paper. The introduction discussed the importance of developing ecotourism after the earthquake and pointed out the contents and methods included in this article. The part of summery explained the concept and category of rural tourist, ecotourism and rural ecotourism in detail, concluded the character and contents of ecotourism and systematically evaluate the research progress made by home and abroad.
The third part of the article reviewed the developing process of rural ecotourism in Sichuan, and concluded constituents and features of rural ecotourism and discussed the prospective way of development for Sichuan's rural ecotourism.
The forth part is the methodology of planning the rural ecotourism. Based on the main theoretical and mechanism, the upcoming problems in the development of rural ecotourism after the earthquake was analyzed to discuss the frame structure of planning and tentatively carried out a frame structure of planning for rural ecotourism.
In a typical representative of the severe damaged area, Penghua village got its unique natural resources and great potential for rural ecotourism which makes it a perfect example to research on. So, the fifth part takes the planning of rural ecotourism in Penghua village as an example, by several scene investigation, material collecting, use scientific analyze and evaluate methods, planning research on the aspect of rural ecological environment conservation, rural scenic planning, tour routes planning, ecotourism equipments planning, tourism products planning and ways to success in realizing ecotourism, were done to construct a frame work for Sichuan's rural ecotourism, seek a way to solve people's product, live and develop problems under the premise of conserving the ecological environment, and balance the development of ecologic, economy and society.
The conclusion summarized the achievements and shortage of theory and empirical study in researching by providing some references for Sichuan's rural ecotourism planning after earthquake.
20世纪80年代初,四川省成都市开始发展乡村旅游,是“中国农家乐旅游发源地”。之后,乡村旅游业在四川省各地都迅猛发展,对促进当地农业产业结构调整和实现社会转型,推动社会主义新农村建设做出了巨大贡献。然而2008年5月12日发生的汶川大地震,使四川旅游业受到沉重打击。作为四川旅游支柱之一的乡村旅游业也遭受重创,尤其是沿龙门山断裂带的乡村旅游几乎全部损毁。为此,国务院颁布了一系列的政策条例,尤其在《汶川地震灾后恢复重建总体规划》中明确提出：“将实施重振旅游工程,加强重点旅游区和精品旅游线建设,恢复重建按重要景区景点、民族特色旅游城镇和村落,恢复发展以农家乐为主要形式的乡村旅游。”
基于上述社会背景,本文在参考借鉴国内外专家学者研究成果的基础上,运用文献调查法、计算机辅助设计、实证研究法以及归纳演绎等方法,对“5·12"汶川地震灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划进行研究,并且以四川省绵竹市遵道镇棚花村生态旅游规划为例,探索其生态旅游规划框架,为“5·12”汶川地震灾后乡村恢复重建,发展灾区经济提、改善人民生活提供一定的参考与借鉴。
全文共由六部分组成。绪论部分论述“5·12”汶川地震后开展乡村生态旅游的重要意义,提出了论文的研究内容和研究方法。文献综述部分通过对乡村旅游、生态旅游及乡村生态旅游的概念及其类型进行详细阐述,归纳和审视了乡村生态旅游的内涵和特征,系统评述了国内外乡村生态旅游研究进展。
第三部分回顾了四川乡村旅游的发展历程,归纳总结出四川乡村旅游的构成及特征,探索四川乡村生态旅游规划的新渠道。
第四部分是灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划方法研究,在总结旅游规划的主要理论依据和机制的基础上,分析了“5·12”汶川地震重建中乡村生态旅游开发亟需解决的问题,探讨了乡村生态旅游规划框架,尝试性地构建了灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划体系。
棚花村作为“5·12”汶川地震极重灾区的典型代表,拥有独特的生态旅游资源,开发乡村生态旅游具有很大的潜力,作为灾后乡村生态旅游规划案例研究具有一定的典型性。第五部分以四川省绵竹市遵道镇棚花村生态旅游规划为例,通过多次现场勘探,资料收集,采用科学的分析评价方法,从乡村生态环境保育、乡村景观规划、游线组织规划、生态旅游设施规划、旅游产品规划以及生态旅游规划实施办法等方面探析棚花村生态旅游规划,构建灾后四川乡村生态旅游规划框架,寻找既可保护灾区生态环境又可解决当地居民生产、生活、发展的模式,实现生态,经济和社会的协调发展。
结论部分全面总结了本文理论及实证研究结果以及存在的不足,对四川乡村生态旅游灾后重建规划实践有一定的现实参考借鉴意义。
With the fast development of the urban-rural integration process and the increase of income, ecotourism has become more and more preferrable by people. It has not been only a way to relax, experience in rural areas and the fun of nature, but also an efficient approach to create a new agricultural economic growth point to promote the adjustment and optimization of the agricultural industrial structure, poverty alleviation, aimed at increasing farmer's income and to promote the prosperity of agricultural economy as well as the integration of culture. However, the traditional ecotourism has encountered many problems in its way of development, such as the increase of tourists, which had caused pollution and damage to rural environment, and the blindness development, which had caused the damage to the natural resource and interference of the residents' normal life. Based on this background, rural ecotourism, a new type of tourism with emphasis on sustainable development has taken its place.
At the beginning of 80th in 20th century, ecotourism has been proposed in Chengdu called "cradle of Chinese ecotourism". Since then, ecotourism develop rapidly in many places in Sichuan which has made great contributions to promoting adjustment to agricultural industrial structure, success in achieving social transformation and construction of new socialistic country. Unfortunately, the Wenchuan earthquake happened in may 12,2008 has overwhelmed Sichuan's travel industry. Rural ecotourism, one of the four pillar travel industry, has also suffered from badly damage by the earthquake. Eco-tourist destination along the earthquake fault zone of Longmen Mountain has been wholly destroyed. Therefore, state council has promulgated a series of policies.《the overall planning of reconstruction after the Wenchuan earthquake》was pointed out that:"To revitalize travel industry, enforce the reconstruction of key scenic spot and tourist routes, rebuilting the key scenic areas as well as towns and cities which featured with national characteristics was proposed to revitalize ecotourism that mainly formed in farm tourism."
Based on the background above, this article refer to the research achievements made by experts in abroad, GIS, AutoCAD and inductive-deductive methods were implied to analyze the overall planning of ecotourism in Sichuan after the earthquake. As the planning of ecotourism in penghua village in Mianzhu as an example, a guideline of planning for the reconstruction of rural areas and methods of developing economy and improving qualities of people's lives after the earthquake were studied.
There are 6 parts in the paper. The introduction discussed the importance of developing ecotourism after the earthquake and pointed out the contents and methods included in this article. The part of summery explained the concept and category of rural tourist, ecotourism and rural ecotourism in detail, concluded the character and contents of ecotourism and systematically evaluate the research progress made by home and abroad.
The third part of the article reviewed the developing process of rural ecotourism in Sichuan, and concluded constituents and features of rural ecotourism and discussed the prospective way of development for Sichuan's rural ecotourism.
The forth part is the methodology of planning the rural ecotourism. Based on the main theoretical and mechanism, the upcoming problems in the development of rural ecotourism after the earthquake was analyzed to discuss the frame structure of planning and tentatively carried out a frame structure of planning for rural ecotourism.
In a typical representative of the severe damaged area, Penghua village got its unique natural resources and great potential for rural ecotourism which makes it a perfect example to research on. So, the fifth part takes the planning of rural ecotourism in Penghua village as an example, by several scene investigation, material collecting, use scientific analyze and evaluate methods, planning research on the aspect of rural ecological environment conservation, rural scenic planning, tour routes planning, ecotourism equipments planning, tourism products planning and ways to success in realizing ecotourism, were done to construct a frame work for Sichuan's rural ecotourism, seek a way to solve people's product, live and develop problems under the premise of conserving the ecological environment, and balance the development of ecologic, economy and society.
The conclusion summarized the achievements and shortage of theory and empirical study in researching by providing some references for Sichuan's rural ecotourism planning after earthquake.
引文
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