兴凯湖后生浮游动物群落结构研究
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摘要
湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统之一,具有多种功能,有“地球之肾”之称。本论文研究在兴凯湖湿地自然保护区选择11个典型采样点,于2007年春季、夏季、秋季三个季节进行采样,对其浮游动物进行了定性和定量研究,采用多元统计方法分析了群落结构和生物多样性,通过Pearson分析和灰关联分析探讨了浮游动物与环境因子的关系,为兴凯湖湿地自然保护区的保护和管理提供依据,为进一步研究兴凯湖湿地自然保护区积累基础资料。
调查期间共鉴定出浮游动物17种,其中枝角类4科4种;桡足类4科13种。年平均密度和生物量分别为3.9ind./L和0.268mg/L。浮游动物全年常见种有兴凯侧突水蚤Epischura chankensis、短尾近剑水蚤Tropocyclop sprasinus breviramus、锯缘真剑水蚤Eucyclops rerrulatus serrulatus。
兴凯湖浮游动物Shannon-Wiener指数全年变化范围在2.62～3.12之间;Pielou均匀指数全年变化范围在0.47～0.69之间。Shannon-Wiener指数全年变化表现为:夏季＞春季＞秋季;Pielou均匀度指数全年变化表现为:秋季＞夏季＞春季。聚类分析(ClusterAnalysis)表明,兴凯湖湿地自然保护区各采样点浮游动物群落结构差异明显,春、夏、秋三个季节各采样点浮游动物群落组成均可分成4类,组内相似性高,组间差异大,多维标度分析(MDS)同样把三个季节各采样点浮游动物群落组成分为4组,支持了聚类分析结果。各采样点的浮游动物群落结构的差异与兴凯湖湿地自然保护区的水文条件以及水生植被条件相关。
Pearson相关分析结果显示,浮游动物与环境因子密切相关,水温在各个季节均与浮游动物丰度以及生物量呈显著正相关(p＜0.05,p＜0.01)。chla与丰度以及生物量在春季均呈显著的正相关(p＜0.01),在夏秋季呈显著的负相关(p＜0.05,p＜0.01)。透明度在各个季节都与丰度以及生物量均呈正相关,但相关不显著(p＞0.05)。PH值与丰度及生物量都呈负相关,且在春季、夏季显著相关(p＜0.01)。
灰关联分析结果表明,各季节的浮游动物丰度、生物量和各个环境因子的关联度大小不一样。与丰度关联度最大的环境因子春季为水温,夏秋季节为chla;与生物量关联最大的春季、夏季、秋季均为chla。
The wetland is one of most important and multi-functional ecosystems on the earth, known as "kidney of the earth".The ecological study of zooplankton was conducted on eleven typical sampling stations selected in Xingkai Lake wetland Nature Reserve,in spring,summer and autumn in 2007.Zooplankton communities and biodiversity were examined with multivariate statistic analysis.The Pearson analysis and gray association analysis were used to detect the correlation between zooplankton and environmental factors.The purpose of this paper was to provide a guideline of management and a foundation for the future study in Xingkai Lake wetland Nature Reserve.
Total of 17 species were identified,which are cladocerans(4 families 4 species) and copepods(4 families 4 species).The total mean abundance and biomass were 3.9ind./L and 0.268mg/L.Common species of zooplankton throughout the year has Epischura chankensis, Tropocyclop sprasinus breviramus,Eucyclops rerrulatus serrulatus.
There were different ranges in different diversity index,Shannon-Veane' index from 2.62 to 3.12,Pielou' index from 0.47 to 0.69 respectively.Seasonal variation of Shannon-Veaner' index were summer＞spring＞autumn and Pielou' index were autumn＞summer＞spring.The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the zooplankton community structure were obviously different at different sampling stations in Xingkai Wetland Nature Reserve, and the phytoplankton community structure in Xingkai Lake wetland Nature Reserve was classed three groups,the comparability is high within groups and the great change between groups.The results of nor-matric multidimentional scaling(MDS) was same of the hierarchical cluster analysis,and showed the change was for the change of zooplankton factor and vegetation.
Based on Pearson analysis,the results showed that the zooplankton varied with the changes of environmental factors.Water temperature was positively related to the abundance and biomass(p＜0.01,p＜0.05).Correlation between Chla and abundance,biomass was positively significant at 0.01 level and in spring,but in summer and autunm was negatively (p＜0.05,p＜0.01).The phytoplankton abundance and biomass were positively correlated-to transparency in three seasons,and their correlation was not significant(p＞0.05).The relationship between zooplankton abundance,biomass and PH was negatively,and positively significant between PH and zooplankton in spring and summer(p＜0.01).
The result of grey relational analysis suggested that the correlation between zooplankton abundance,biomass and various environmental factors were different.The factor which seriously influenced zooplankton density was water temperature in spring and Chla in summer;and the factor which seriously influenced zooplankton biomass was Chla in spring, summer and autumn.
调查期间共鉴定出浮游动物17种,其中枝角类4科4种;桡足类4科13种。年平均密度和生物量分别为3.9ind./L和0.268mg/L。浮游动物全年常见种有兴凯侧突水蚤Epischura chankensis、短尾近剑水蚤Tropocyclop sprasinus breviramus、锯缘真剑水蚤Eucyclops rerrulatus serrulatus。
兴凯湖浮游动物Shannon-Wiener指数全年变化范围在2.62～3.12之间;Pielou均匀指数全年变化范围在0.47～0.69之间。Shannon-Wiener指数全年变化表现为:夏季＞春季＞秋季;Pielou均匀度指数全年变化表现为:秋季＞夏季＞春季。聚类分析(ClusterAnalysis)表明,兴凯湖湿地自然保护区各采样点浮游动物群落结构差异明显,春、夏、秋三个季节各采样点浮游动物群落组成均可分成4类,组内相似性高,组间差异大,多维标度分析(MDS)同样把三个季节各采样点浮游动物群落组成分为4组,支持了聚类分析结果。各采样点的浮游动物群落结构的差异与兴凯湖湿地自然保护区的水文条件以及水生植被条件相关。
Pearson相关分析结果显示,浮游动物与环境因子密切相关,水温在各个季节均与浮游动物丰度以及生物量呈显著正相关(p＜0.05,p＜0.01)。chla与丰度以及生物量在春季均呈显著的正相关(p＜0.01),在夏秋季呈显著的负相关(p＜0.05,p＜0.01)。透明度在各个季节都与丰度以及生物量均呈正相关,但相关不显著(p＞0.05)。PH值与丰度及生物量都呈负相关,且在春季、夏季显著相关(p＜0.01)。
灰关联分析结果表明,各季节的浮游动物丰度、生物量和各个环境因子的关联度大小不一样。与丰度关联度最大的环境因子春季为水温,夏秋季节为chla;与生物量关联最大的春季、夏季、秋季均为chla。
The wetland is one of most important and multi-functional ecosystems on the earth, known as "kidney of the earth".The ecological study of zooplankton was conducted on eleven typical sampling stations selected in Xingkai Lake wetland Nature Reserve,in spring,summer and autumn in 2007.Zooplankton communities and biodiversity were examined with multivariate statistic analysis.The Pearson analysis and gray association analysis were used to detect the correlation between zooplankton and environmental factors.The purpose of this paper was to provide a guideline of management and a foundation for the future study in Xingkai Lake wetland Nature Reserve.
Total of 17 species were identified,which are cladocerans(4 families 4 species) and copepods(4 families 4 species).The total mean abundance and biomass were 3.9ind./L and 0.268mg/L.Common species of zooplankton throughout the year has Epischura chankensis, Tropocyclop sprasinus breviramus,Eucyclops rerrulatus serrulatus.
There were different ranges in different diversity index,Shannon-Veane' index from 2.62 to 3.12,Pielou' index from 0.47 to 0.69 respectively.Seasonal variation of Shannon-Veaner' index were summer＞spring＞autumn and Pielou' index were autumn＞summer＞spring.The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the zooplankton community structure were obviously different at different sampling stations in Xingkai Wetland Nature Reserve, and the phytoplankton community structure in Xingkai Lake wetland Nature Reserve was classed three groups,the comparability is high within groups and the great change between groups.The results of nor-matric multidimentional scaling(MDS) was same of the hierarchical cluster analysis,and showed the change was for the change of zooplankton factor and vegetation.
Based on Pearson analysis,the results showed that the zooplankton varied with the changes of environmental factors.Water temperature was positively related to the abundance and biomass(p＜0.01,p＜0.05).Correlation between Chla and abundance,biomass was positively significant at 0.01 level and in spring,but in summer and autunm was negatively (p＜0.05,p＜0.01).The phytoplankton abundance and biomass were positively correlated-to transparency in three seasons,and their correlation was not significant(p＞0.05).The relationship between zooplankton abundance,biomass and PH was negatively,and positively significant between PH and zooplankton in spring and summer(p＜0.01).
The result of grey relational analysis suggested that the correlation between zooplankton abundance,biomass and various environmental factors were different.The factor which seriously influenced zooplankton density was water temperature in spring and Chla in summer;and the factor which seriously influenced zooplankton biomass was Chla in spring, summer and autumn.
引文
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