DSP在贝体中的积累及其对P-糖蛋白基因表达的影响
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摘要
腹泻性贝毒(diarrheic shellfish poisoning,DSP)是一类常见的贝毒素,几乎所有发达国家都在本国海域发现和检出本类毒素。人类误食被DSP污染的贝类食品后可引起腹泻性中毒,并可引致肿瘤。但贝类对DSP毒素并不敏感,可通过滤食产毒藻而积累DSP,表明贝体内存在某种特殊的耐受或抗性机制使得贝体自身不受DSP毒素的毒害。因此,研究DSP耐受和抗性机制具有重要的现实和理论意义。本文以利玛原甲藻作为DSP毒素的来源,以其为饵料,通过室内滤食实验,探讨了DSP毒素在翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)体内的分布、积累以及排出情况,考查了染毒过程中和毒素排出过程中贝体鳃组织中P-糖蛋白基因的表达状况,分析了DSP毒素对P-糖蛋白基因表达的影响,为进一步研究P-糖蛋白在双壳贝类耐受DSP毒素中的机制奠定了基础。
研究结果显示,利玛原甲藻对翡翠贻贝的滤食有一定的抑制作用。利玛原甲藻的密度越高,其滤食率越低,呈明显的剂量-效应关系(dose-responesrelationship),表明翡翠贻贝对利玛原甲藻的毒性相对比较敏感。毒素在翡翠贻贝不同组织中的分布不同,其中鳃组织的含量最高,占毒素总含量的64.2%,是消化腺的2倍。毒素积累阶段,翡翠贻贝鳃组织中DSP毒素显著增加,于第3 d时达到最高,呈明显的剂量和时间依赖关系。停毒后贝组织中毒素含量显著下降,表明毒素可迅速排出体外。DSP毒素能明显上调翡翠贻贝鳃组织中P-糖蛋白基因的表达,且随毒素在组织中累积含量的增加而增加,毒素累积的第3 d组织中毒素含量最高,同时P-糖蛋白基因的表达水平也达到最高。这些结果表明,翡翠贻贝对DSP比较敏感,并有一定的清除及耐受能力,P-糖蛋白可能在DSP毒素的耐受机制中发挥重要作用。
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning(DSP) toxins is a common type of shellfish toxins,which are found in the sea area all over the world.DSP toxins can lead to the diarrhetic poisoning of humanity,and more,induce tumor after exposed to DSP toxins. However,the shellfish are not sensitive to the DSP toxicity,which can eat toxin-producing algae and accumulate DSP toxins in tissue.Some special toxin resistance mechanism in the shellfish may be responsible for the insensitivity to DSP toxins.To explore the roles of p-glycoprotein(p-gp) in resistant mechanism of shellfish to DSP toxins,Prorocentrum lima was used as resources of DSP toxins, Phaceodactylum tricornutum as foods,the accumulation and cleaning action of DSP toxins in Perna viridis were studied,and p-gp gene expression induced by DSP toxins were detected.
The grazing rates of Perna viridis were shown to decrease significantly in a dose-respones relationship,suggesting the negative impact of DSP toxins on the shellfish.The distribution of DSP toxins varied in different tissues.The amount of DSP toxins in gillwas was higher than those in others,accounting for the total toxin content of 64.2%.After exposed to P.lima,the level of DSP toxins in the gill of Perna viridis increased significantly in a dose-dependent relationship with time,and achieved the highest at the 3rd day.However,the toxin levels in Perna viridis decreased significantly after withdrawal of Prorocentrum lima.The p-gp expression increased obviously in a dose-dependent relation,and achieved the highest at the 3rd day,then decreased.These results suggested that Perna viridis had some resistant ability to DSP toxins,and the p-gp gene expression might have an important role in the resistant mechanism.
研究结果显示,利玛原甲藻对翡翠贻贝的滤食有一定的抑制作用。利玛原甲藻的密度越高,其滤食率越低,呈明显的剂量-效应关系(dose-responesrelationship),表明翡翠贻贝对利玛原甲藻的毒性相对比较敏感。毒素在翡翠贻贝不同组织中的分布不同,其中鳃组织的含量最高,占毒素总含量的64.2%,是消化腺的2倍。毒素积累阶段,翡翠贻贝鳃组织中DSP毒素显著增加,于第3 d时达到最高,呈明显的剂量和时间依赖关系。停毒后贝组织中毒素含量显著下降,表明毒素可迅速排出体外。DSP毒素能明显上调翡翠贻贝鳃组织中P-糖蛋白基因的表达,且随毒素在组织中累积含量的增加而增加,毒素累积的第3 d组织中毒素含量最高,同时P-糖蛋白基因的表达水平也达到最高。这些结果表明,翡翠贻贝对DSP比较敏感,并有一定的清除及耐受能力,P-糖蛋白可能在DSP毒素的耐受机制中发挥重要作用。
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning(DSP) toxins is a common type of shellfish toxins,which are found in the sea area all over the world.DSP toxins can lead to the diarrhetic poisoning of humanity,and more,induce tumor after exposed to DSP toxins. However,the shellfish are not sensitive to the DSP toxicity,which can eat toxin-producing algae and accumulate DSP toxins in tissue.Some special toxin resistance mechanism in the shellfish may be responsible for the insensitivity to DSP toxins.To explore the roles of p-glycoprotein(p-gp) in resistant mechanism of shellfish to DSP toxins,Prorocentrum lima was used as resources of DSP toxins, Phaceodactylum tricornutum as foods,the accumulation and cleaning action of DSP toxins in Perna viridis were studied,and p-gp gene expression induced by DSP toxins were detected.
The grazing rates of Perna viridis were shown to decrease significantly in a dose-respones relationship,suggesting the negative impact of DSP toxins on the shellfish.The distribution of DSP toxins varied in different tissues.The amount of DSP toxins in gillwas was higher than those in others,accounting for the total toxin content of 64.2%.After exposed to P.lima,the level of DSP toxins in the gill of Perna viridis increased significantly in a dose-dependent relationship with time,and achieved the highest at the 3rd day.However,the toxin levels in Perna viridis decreased significantly after withdrawal of Prorocentrum lima.The p-gp expression increased obviously in a dose-dependent relation,and achieved the highest at the 3rd day,then decreased.These results suggested that Perna viridis had some resistant ability to DSP toxins,and the p-gp gene expression might have an important role in the resistant mechanism.
引文
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[8]吴施卫,张纯超,卢楚谦等.南海近岸海域腹泻性贝类毒素分析[J].海洋环境科学,2005,24(4):48-51.
[9]陈则玲,傅云娜,巩宁.腹泻性贝毒及其高效液相色谱检测方法[A].渤海赤潮灾害监测及评估研究论文集[C].北京:海洋出版社,2000,128-134.
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[15]唐守亭.腹泻性贝类毒素及其检测[J].卫生研究,1998,27(增刊):88-89.
[16]Nascimento S M,Purdie D A,Morris S.Morphology,toxin composition and pigment content of Prorocentrum lima strains isolated from a coastal lagoon in southern UK[J].Toxicon,2005,45:633-649.
[17]Bouaicha N,Ch(?)zeau A,Turquet J,et al.Morphological and toxicological variability of Prorocentrum lima clones isolated from four locations in the south-west India ocean[J].Toxicon,2001,39:1195-1202.
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