信阳不同土地利用形式下土壤肥力状况研究
|
摘要
近年来,农业生产上大量施用化肥而忽视有机肥投入的现象非常普遍,这不仅降低了肥料的利用率和施用效益,加剧土壤养分失衡,而且污染地下水,降低农作物品质,影响农作物的可持续生产和生态环境安全。本研究对信阳不同土地利用形式下土壤养分进行了测定,为信阳测土施肥、平衡施肥提供理论依据和实践指导。
主要结果如下:
1.土壤有机质含量是土壤肥力分级的重要指标和肥力高低的综合表现。信阳不同土地利用形式土壤有机质水平较低,其中绿化带、旱地、稻田、茶园有机质含量分别为9.9g/kg、14.8g/kg、17.6 g/kg和16.3g/kg,因此有必要加大有机肥的投入,提高土壤有机质含量。
2.信阳不同土地利用形式下土壤速效氮含量分布不同,其中绿化带速效氮含量较低,平均为33.4mg/kg,缺乏严重,绿化带土壤样品的88.1%处于极低或低水平;旱地土壤和稻田土壤速效氮含量分别为中等偏低和偏高,平均含量分别为90.6 mg/kg和104.6 mg/kg,旱地和稻田土壤中速效氮含量处于中等水平的分别占各自样品的62.5%和64.0%,而旱地缺氮占31.3%;茶园土壤中速效氮水平较高,平均含量为169.7mg/kg,占整个样本的94%处于高或极高水平。因此,在氮肥的施用上要根据土壤中氮素的情况进行针对性施肥。
3.信阳不同土地利用形式下土壤速效磷的分布极不均衡。绿化带土壤缺磷严重,平均含量为18.6mg/kg,有51.5%的土壤样品缺磷;茶园土壤平均为35.8mg/kg,51.6%处于极低和低水平,磷素营养缺乏,38.7%处于高和极高水平,磷素较丰富;稻田土壤平均为42.3mg/kg,处于极低和低水平的分别占整个样品的20.0%和24.0%,处于高和极高水平的占16.0%和15.0%,旱地土壤平均为46.5mg/kg,缺磷土壤占整个样品的37.5%,而56.3%的土壤磷素较高。
4.信阳市土壤速效钾含量处于中等偏高水平,大部分土壤钾素并不缺乏。其中绿化带、旱地、稻田、茶园含量分别为136.9 mg/kg,90.6mg/kg,104.8mg/kg和119.5mg/kg.
In the past few years,the role of organic fertilizer in agronomic practices has long been replaced by chemical fertilizer.It has also brought about some unfavorable results. Besides the impairment of soil environmental and vegetable quality in protected field,this practice also caused a decline in soil productivity through excessive soil erosion,nutrient runoff,imbalanced nutrient,and deteriorated soil chemical properties.Since the human activities vary greatly with the different land use type,it is important to assess the soil nutrient quality under the different land use types.Xinyang,a city in south of Henan province,is suffering the huge changes in land use.Unfortunately,the effects of such changes on the soil nutrient still remain unknown.Through the investigation on 4 land-use types,which include the vegetable field,paddy field,tea garden,greenbelt,280 soil samples for organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were obtained.The results are summarized as follows:
1.Soil organic matter content is low in different land-use types.So it is necessary to increase the application rate of organic fertilizer,which increases the organic matter content in soil of Xinyang City.The average content in green belt,vegetable field,paddy soils and tea garden soils were 9.9、14.8、17.6和16.3mg/kg.
2.The difference of soil available nitrogen content in 4 different land-use types is obvious.The average content in green belt,vegetable field,paddy soils and tea garden soils were 33.4,90.6,104.6 and 169.7mg/kg.88.1%of the soil in greenbelt is deficient in soil available nitrogen content,which in vegetable field is 31.3%,but available nitrogen content of most soil in vegetable field and paddy field is moderate,which in percent is 64.0%and 62.5%,over 94%of the soil in tea garden is high in soil available nitrogen content.Therefore,we should consider the difference of available nitrogen content in different land-use types to use nitrogen fertilizer.
3.The difference of soil available phosphorus content in 4 different land-use types is obvious.The average content in green belt,vegetable field,paddy soils and tea garden soils were 18.6,35.8,42.3 and 46.5mg/kg.Much soil deficient in available phosphorus content,which in greenbelt is 51.5%,in tea garden is 51.6%,in vegetable field is 37.5%, paddy field is 44.0%,but 38.7%in tea garden,56.3%in vegetable field and 29.0%in paddy field is rich in available phosphorus content.
4.The content in available potassium in Xinyang soil is in moderate and high level, most soil sample is not deficient in K.The average content in green belt,vegetable field, paddy soils and tea garden soils were 136.9,90.6,104.8 and 119.5mg/kg
主要结果如下:
1.土壤有机质含量是土壤肥力分级的重要指标和肥力高低的综合表现。信阳不同土地利用形式土壤有机质水平较低,其中绿化带、旱地、稻田、茶园有机质含量分别为9.9g/kg、14.8g/kg、17.6 g/kg和16.3g/kg,因此有必要加大有机肥的投入,提高土壤有机质含量。
2.信阳不同土地利用形式下土壤速效氮含量分布不同,其中绿化带速效氮含量较低,平均为33.4mg/kg,缺乏严重,绿化带土壤样品的88.1%处于极低或低水平;旱地土壤和稻田土壤速效氮含量分别为中等偏低和偏高,平均含量分别为90.6 mg/kg和104.6 mg/kg,旱地和稻田土壤中速效氮含量处于中等水平的分别占各自样品的62.5%和64.0%,而旱地缺氮占31.3%;茶园土壤中速效氮水平较高,平均含量为169.7mg/kg,占整个样本的94%处于高或极高水平。因此,在氮肥的施用上要根据土壤中氮素的情况进行针对性施肥。
3.信阳不同土地利用形式下土壤速效磷的分布极不均衡。绿化带土壤缺磷严重,平均含量为18.6mg/kg,有51.5%的土壤样品缺磷;茶园土壤平均为35.8mg/kg,51.6%处于极低和低水平,磷素营养缺乏,38.7%处于高和极高水平,磷素较丰富;稻田土壤平均为42.3mg/kg,处于极低和低水平的分别占整个样品的20.0%和24.0%,处于高和极高水平的占16.0%和15.0%,旱地土壤平均为46.5mg/kg,缺磷土壤占整个样品的37.5%,而56.3%的土壤磷素较高。
4.信阳市土壤速效钾含量处于中等偏高水平,大部分土壤钾素并不缺乏。其中绿化带、旱地、稻田、茶园含量分别为136.9 mg/kg,90.6mg/kg,104.8mg/kg和119.5mg/kg.
In the past few years,the role of organic fertilizer in agronomic practices has long been replaced by chemical fertilizer.It has also brought about some unfavorable results. Besides the impairment of soil environmental and vegetable quality in protected field,this practice also caused a decline in soil productivity through excessive soil erosion,nutrient runoff,imbalanced nutrient,and deteriorated soil chemical properties.Since the human activities vary greatly with the different land use type,it is important to assess the soil nutrient quality under the different land use types.Xinyang,a city in south of Henan province,is suffering the huge changes in land use.Unfortunately,the effects of such changes on the soil nutrient still remain unknown.Through the investigation on 4 land-use types,which include the vegetable field,paddy field,tea garden,greenbelt,280 soil samples for organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were obtained.The results are summarized as follows:
1.Soil organic matter content is low in different land-use types.So it is necessary to increase the application rate of organic fertilizer,which increases the organic matter content in soil of Xinyang City.The average content in green belt,vegetable field,paddy soils and tea garden soils were 9.9、14.8、17.6和16.3mg/kg.
2.The difference of soil available nitrogen content in 4 different land-use types is obvious.The average content in green belt,vegetable field,paddy soils and tea garden soils were 33.4,90.6,104.6 and 169.7mg/kg.88.1%of the soil in greenbelt is deficient in soil available nitrogen content,which in vegetable field is 31.3%,but available nitrogen content of most soil in vegetable field and paddy field is moderate,which in percent is 64.0%and 62.5%,over 94%of the soil in tea garden is high in soil available nitrogen content.Therefore,we should consider the difference of available nitrogen content in different land-use types to use nitrogen fertilizer.
3.The difference of soil available phosphorus content in 4 different land-use types is obvious.The average content in green belt,vegetable field,paddy soils and tea garden soils were 18.6,35.8,42.3 and 46.5mg/kg.Much soil deficient in available phosphorus content,which in greenbelt is 51.5%,in tea garden is 51.6%,in vegetable field is 37.5%, paddy field is 44.0%,but 38.7%in tea garden,56.3%in vegetable field and 29.0%in paddy field is rich in available phosphorus content.
4.The content in available potassium in Xinyang soil is in moderate and high level, most soil sample is not deficient in K.The average content in green belt,vegetable field, paddy soils and tea garden soils were 136.9,90.6,104.8 and 119.5mg/kg
引文
1.鲍士旦主编,土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
2.边秀举,巨晓棠,张福锁,等.尿素与有机物料在土壤中的分解转化特征研究[J].河北农业大学学到报,2000,23(2):29-32.
3.陈子明,袁锋明,姚造华,等.氮肥施用对土体中氮素移动及其对环境质量和产量的影响[A].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1996,3:1-3.
4.程艳丽,邹德乙,王春枝,等.棕壤肥料长期定位试验中有机肥的后效研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2001(3):26-27.
5.党廷辉,张麦,等.有机肥对黑垆土养分含量,形态及转化影响的定位研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1999,17(4):1-4.
6.方兆登,徐富安,张益农,等.有机物料对高产稻区土壤肥力影响的研究[J].科技通报,1992,8(5):309-312.
7.方兆登,徐富安,张益农,等.有机物料对高产稻区土壤肥力影响的研究[J].科技通报,1992,8(5):309-312.
8.高祥照,马文奇,崔勇,等.我国耕地土壤养分变化与肥料投入状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):363-369.
9.古伯贤,赵哲权,王泽文,等.有机物料对盐化潮土土壤有机质品质和产量影响的研究[J].土壤通报,1992,23(1):28-30.
10.和文祥,来航线.培肥对土壤酶活性影响的研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2001,27(3):265-268.
11.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军,等.充分利用有机肥料提高蔬菜产量和品质[J].作物杂志,2001(5):23-25.
12.李世清,李生秀.有机物料和氮肥相互作用对土壤中微生物态氮的影响[J].微生物学通报,2000,21(1):136-142.
13.李文庆.大棚土壤硝酸盐状况研究[J].土壤学报.,2002,39(2):283-287.
14.吕殿青,同延安,孙本华.氮肥施用对环境污染影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(1):8-15.
15.马成泽.有机质含量对土壤几项物理性质的影响[J].土壤通报1994,25(2):65-67.
16.马立锋,石元值,阮建云.苏、浙、皖茶区茶园土壤pH状况及近十年来的变化[J].土壤通报,2000,31(5):205-207.
17.马茂桐.新垦红壤旱地上钾肥与氮肥不同配比对芝麻和油菜产量的影响[J].土壤,1997,29(2):84-87.
18.马志勤,张先婉 有机物料对紫色土土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,1992,23(1):25-27.
19.莫淑勋.有机肥料中磷及其与土壤磷素肥力的关系[J].土壤学进展,1992,20(9):1-9.
20.倪治华,马国瑞.有机无机生物活性肥料对蔬菜作物生长及土壤生物活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(3):212-215.
21.倪治华,马国瑞.有机无机生物活性肥料对蔬菜作物生长及土壤生物活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(3):212-215.
22.牛灵安,郝晋珉.盐渍化土壤肥力演变规律研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(50):41-45.
23.沈中泉,郭云桃,袁家富等.有机肥在提高农作物产品品质中的作用[J].湖北农业科学,1989,(5):17-20.
24.苏德纯.北京郊区蔬菜保护地土壤磷空间及形态分布特征[J].中国蔬菜,1999(4):7-11.
25.孙波,赵其国,张桃林.土壤质量评价的生物学指标[J].土壤,1997,29(5):225-234.
26.孙羲.植物营养原理[C].中国农业出版社,1992,32-33.
27.王朝辉,宗志强,等.蔬菜的硝态氮累积及菜地土壤的硝态氮残留[J].环境科学,2002,23(3):79-83.
28.王敬国,曹一平.土壤氮素转化的环境和生态效应[J].北京农业大学学报,1995,21(1):99-103.
29.王新军,廖文华,刘建玲.菜地土壤磷素淋失及其影响因素[J].华北农学报,2006,21(4):67-70.
30.王英.不同状态有机物料对土壤腐残质及作物产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(2):156-157.
31.王兆荣,王宏燕,种传立等.有机物料的腐解及土壤有机质的调控[J].东北农学院学报,1991,22(4):307-313.
32.吴多三.无公害蔬菜与施肥技术[J].北京农业科学,1998,16(1):16-18.
33.吴龙华,张素君.有机物料对黄河三角洲滨海盐土根际效应的影响Ⅰ.养分和酶生物学效应[J].应用生态学报,1995,6f2):160-165.
34.吴云,杨剑虹,魏朝富.重庆茶园土壤酸化及肥力特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):715-719.
35.薛继澄,毕德义,李家金等,保护地栽培蔬菜生理障碍的土壤因子与对策[J].土壤肥料,1994,(1):4-8
36.徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,杜社妮,陈志杰.施肥对日光温室土壤硝酸盐分布特征的影响[J].西北植物学报.2003,23(10):1762-1767.
37.许皞,杜孟庸,周健学,等.有机物料对土壤酶活性影响的关连度分析[J].土壤通报,1994,25(2):62-64.
38.杨丽娟,须晖,邱忠祥,刘水青.菜田土壤酶活性与黄瓜产量的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):113-116.
39.姚胜蕊,束怀瑞.有机物料对苹果根据营养元素动态及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):428-432.
40.尹道明,周梅芳,胡静炎,等.合理施用有机肥对芦笋优质高产的效果[J].土壤通报,1990,21(3):128-130.
41.袁锋明,陈子明,姚造华,等.北京地区潮土表层中NO_3~--N的转化积累及其淋洗损失[J].土壤学报,1995,32(4):388-399.
42.袁玲,杨邦俊,郑兰君,刘学成.长期施肥对土壤酶活性和氮、磷养分影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1997,4(3):300-306.
43.曾广骥,金平,于凤之,等.有机肥提高作物产品品质作用初探[J].黑龙江农业科学,1990,(2):10-15.
44.张春兰,朱建春,王开金,等.干鸡粪对减轻保护地蔬菜生理障碍的作用[J].江苏农业科学,1995,(6):39-42.
45.张恩平,李华,等.有机肥与无机肥配施对菜田土壤氮磷钾养分含量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001,(2):5-8.
46.张维理,田哲旭,张宁,等.我国北方农用氮肥造成地下水硝酸盐污染的调查[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1995,1(2):80-87。
47.张亚丽,沈其荣.猪粪和稻草对铬污染黄泥土生物活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(4):488-492.
48.章明奎,黄昌勇。公路附近茶园土壤中铅和镉的化学形态[J].茶叶科学,2004,24(2):109-114。
49.章永松,林咸永.有机肥(物)对土壤中磷的活化作用及机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(2):145-150.
50.赵佰仁 施肥对土壤肥力及作物产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,1999,(2):11-13.
51。赵京音,姚政,蒋小华,等.利用农业有机废弃物提高化学氮肥利用率的研究:Ⅰ.有机物料对尿素N在土壤中转化的影响[J].上海农业学报,1998,14(2):67-72.
52中国农业年鉴编辑委员会.中国农业年鉴2004[R].北京:中国农业出版社.2004.150-151.
53.钟国辉,田发益,旺姆,等.西藏主要农区农田土壤肥力研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(6):1030-1034.
54.朱林,张春兰,沈其荣.施用稻草等有机物料对黄瓜连作土壤pH、EC值和微生物的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报.2001,28(4):350-353.
55.朱红霞,姚贤良.有机物料对水稻土某些物理性质的影响[J].土壤,1996,28(1):38-41.
56.朱林,张春兰,沈其荣,等.施用稻草等有机物料对连作黄瓜根系活力、硝酸还原酶、ATP酶活力的影响[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(1):17-19.
57.廖万有。我国茶园土壤的酸化及防治[J].农业环境保护,1998,17(4):178-180.
58.Bevaopua R f,Mellano V J.Cumulative effects of sludge compost on crop yields and soil properties[J].Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal.1994(25):395-406.
59.Bevaopua R f,Mellano V J.Cumulative effects of sludge compost on crop yields and soil properties[J].Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal.1994(25):395-406.
60.Breland T A,Hansen S.Nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass as affected by soil compaction.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1996(4):655-663.
61.Chery A P,Catherine N G,Robert J D,et al.Organic inputs for soil fertility management in tropical agroecosystems:application of an organic resource database[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2001(83):27-42.
62.Delgado JA,Follett 1LI,Shaffer MJ.2000.Simulation of NO3-N dynamics for cropping systems with different rooting depths.Soil Sci Soc A m J,64:1050-1054
63.Doran J.Building soil quality In proceedings of the 1995 Consservation Workshop on Opportunities and Challenges in Sustainable Agriculture[J].Development Branch,1995,151-158.
64.Drinkwater L E,Wagoner P,Sarrantonio M.Legumebased cropping systems have reduced carbon and nitrogen losses[J].Nature 1998(396):262-265.
65.Drinkwater LE,Letoumeau D K,Wonkneh,F,et al.Fundamental differences between conventional and organic tomato agroecosystems in Califsorsmia[J].Ecol.Appl 1995,(5):1098-1112.
66.Eltun R.Comparisons of nitrogen leaching in ecological and conventional cropping systems[J].Nitogen Leaching in Ecological Agriculture,1995:103-114.
67.Gray D,Mary K T,Julie E J.Interactions between crop residue and soil organic matter quality and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002(34):1073-1082.
68.Gunapala N,Scowd K.Dynamics of soil microbial Biomass and activity in conventional and activity in conventional and organic farming systems[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1998,(30):805-816.
69.Haynes R J.Labile organic matter as an indicator of organic matter quality in arable and pastoral soil in New Zealand[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2000,(32):211-219.
70.McBride M B,Spiers G.Trace element content of selected fertiliTers and dairy manures as determined by ICP-MS[J].Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal,2001:32(1&2),139-156.
71.Mum K J,Evans J,Chalk P M,et al.Mineralization of soil and legume nitrogen in soils treated with metal-contanminated Sewage sludge[J].Soil Biology &Biochemistry,2000(32):2031-2043.
72.Rainer G J.Ergosterol and microbial biomass in the rhizosphere of grassland.Soil[J].Biology & Biochemistry,2000(32):647-652.
73.Rainer G J.Ergosterol and microbial biomass in the rhizosphere of grassland.Soil[J].Biology & Biochemistry,2000(32):647-652.
74.Sorensen J N.Use of the Nmin method for optimization of vegetable nitrogen nutrition.Acta Hort,1993,339:79-192
75.Workneh F V,Bruggen A H.Suppression of corky root of to tomatoes in soils fi'om organic farms associated with soil microbial activity and nitrogen status of soil and tomato tissue[J].Phytopathology.2002(84):688-694.
76.You,M P,Sivasithamparam K Kurtboke,et al.Actinomycetes in organic mulch used in avocado plantaions and their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi.Biol[J].Fertil.Soils 1996,22:237-242.
77.Younie D,Watson C A.Soil nitrate-N levels in organically and intensively managed grassland systems[J].Aspects Appl,1992,30:235-238.
2.边秀举,巨晓棠,张福锁,等.尿素与有机物料在土壤中的分解转化特征研究[J].河北农业大学学到报,2000,23(2):29-32.
3.陈子明,袁锋明,姚造华,等.氮肥施用对土体中氮素移动及其对环境质量和产量的影响[A].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1996,3:1-3.
4.程艳丽,邹德乙,王春枝,等.棕壤肥料长期定位试验中有机肥的后效研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2001(3):26-27.
5.党廷辉,张麦,等.有机肥对黑垆土养分含量,形态及转化影响的定位研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1999,17(4):1-4.
6.方兆登,徐富安,张益农,等.有机物料对高产稻区土壤肥力影响的研究[J].科技通报,1992,8(5):309-312.
7.方兆登,徐富安,张益农,等.有机物料对高产稻区土壤肥力影响的研究[J].科技通报,1992,8(5):309-312.
8.高祥照,马文奇,崔勇,等.我国耕地土壤养分变化与肥料投入状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):363-369.
9.古伯贤,赵哲权,王泽文,等.有机物料对盐化潮土土壤有机质品质和产量影响的研究[J].土壤通报,1992,23(1):28-30.
10.和文祥,来航线.培肥对土壤酶活性影响的研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2001,27(3):265-268.
11.蒋卫杰,刘伟,余宏军,等.充分利用有机肥料提高蔬菜产量和品质[J].作物杂志,2001(5):23-25.
12.李世清,李生秀.有机物料和氮肥相互作用对土壤中微生物态氮的影响[J].微生物学通报,2000,21(1):136-142.
13.李文庆.大棚土壤硝酸盐状况研究[J].土壤学报.,2002,39(2):283-287.
14.吕殿青,同延安,孙本华.氮肥施用对环境污染影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(1):8-15.
15.马成泽.有机质含量对土壤几项物理性质的影响[J].土壤通报1994,25(2):65-67.
16.马立锋,石元值,阮建云.苏、浙、皖茶区茶园土壤pH状况及近十年来的变化[J].土壤通报,2000,31(5):205-207.
17.马茂桐.新垦红壤旱地上钾肥与氮肥不同配比对芝麻和油菜产量的影响[J].土壤,1997,29(2):84-87.
18.马志勤,张先婉 有机物料对紫色土土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,1992,23(1):25-27.
19.莫淑勋.有机肥料中磷及其与土壤磷素肥力的关系[J].土壤学进展,1992,20(9):1-9.
20.倪治华,马国瑞.有机无机生物活性肥料对蔬菜作物生长及土壤生物活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(3):212-215.
21.倪治华,马国瑞.有机无机生物活性肥料对蔬菜作物生长及土壤生物活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(3):212-215.
22.牛灵安,郝晋珉.盐渍化土壤肥力演变规律研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(50):41-45.
23.沈中泉,郭云桃,袁家富等.有机肥在提高农作物产品品质中的作用[J].湖北农业科学,1989,(5):17-20.
24.苏德纯.北京郊区蔬菜保护地土壤磷空间及形态分布特征[J].中国蔬菜,1999(4):7-11.
25.孙波,赵其国,张桃林.土壤质量评价的生物学指标[J].土壤,1997,29(5):225-234.
26.孙羲.植物营养原理[C].中国农业出版社,1992,32-33.
27.王朝辉,宗志强,等.蔬菜的硝态氮累积及菜地土壤的硝态氮残留[J].环境科学,2002,23(3):79-83.
28.王敬国,曹一平.土壤氮素转化的环境和生态效应[J].北京农业大学学报,1995,21(1):99-103.
29.王新军,廖文华,刘建玲.菜地土壤磷素淋失及其影响因素[J].华北农学报,2006,21(4):67-70.
30.王英.不同状态有机物料对土壤腐残质及作物产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(2):156-157.
31.王兆荣,王宏燕,种传立等.有机物料的腐解及土壤有机质的调控[J].东北农学院学报,1991,22(4):307-313.
32.吴多三.无公害蔬菜与施肥技术[J].北京农业科学,1998,16(1):16-18.
33.吴龙华,张素君.有机物料对黄河三角洲滨海盐土根际效应的影响Ⅰ.养分和酶生物学效应[J].应用生态学报,1995,6f2):160-165.
34.吴云,杨剑虹,魏朝富.重庆茶园土壤酸化及肥力特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):715-719.
35.薛继澄,毕德义,李家金等,保护地栽培蔬菜生理障碍的土壤因子与对策[J].土壤肥料,1994,(1):4-8
36.徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,杜社妮,陈志杰.施肥对日光温室土壤硝酸盐分布特征的影响[J].西北植物学报.2003,23(10):1762-1767.
37.许皞,杜孟庸,周健学,等.有机物料对土壤酶活性影响的关连度分析[J].土壤通报,1994,25(2):62-64.
38.杨丽娟,须晖,邱忠祥,刘水青.菜田土壤酶活性与黄瓜产量的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):113-116.
39.姚胜蕊,束怀瑞.有机物料对苹果根据营养元素动态及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):428-432.
40.尹道明,周梅芳,胡静炎,等.合理施用有机肥对芦笋优质高产的效果[J].土壤通报,1990,21(3):128-130.
41.袁锋明,陈子明,姚造华,等.北京地区潮土表层中NO_3~--N的转化积累及其淋洗损失[J].土壤学报,1995,32(4):388-399.
42.袁玲,杨邦俊,郑兰君,刘学成.长期施肥对土壤酶活性和氮、磷养分影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1997,4(3):300-306.
43.曾广骥,金平,于凤之,等.有机肥提高作物产品品质作用初探[J].黑龙江农业科学,1990,(2):10-15.
44.张春兰,朱建春,王开金,等.干鸡粪对减轻保护地蔬菜生理障碍的作用[J].江苏农业科学,1995,(6):39-42.
45.张恩平,李华,等.有机肥与无机肥配施对菜田土壤氮磷钾养分含量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2001,(2):5-8.
46.张维理,田哲旭,张宁,等.我国北方农用氮肥造成地下水硝酸盐污染的调查[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1995,1(2):80-87。
47.张亚丽,沈其荣.猪粪和稻草对铬污染黄泥土生物活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(4):488-492.
48.章明奎,黄昌勇。公路附近茶园土壤中铅和镉的化学形态[J].茶叶科学,2004,24(2):109-114。
49.章永松,林咸永.有机肥(物)对土壤中磷的活化作用及机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(2):145-150.
50.赵佰仁 施肥对土壤肥力及作物产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,1999,(2):11-13.
51。赵京音,姚政,蒋小华,等.利用农业有机废弃物提高化学氮肥利用率的研究:Ⅰ.有机物料对尿素N在土壤中转化的影响[J].上海农业学报,1998,14(2):67-72.
52中国农业年鉴编辑委员会.中国农业年鉴2004[R].北京:中国农业出版社.2004.150-151.
53.钟国辉,田发益,旺姆,等.西藏主要农区农田土壤肥力研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(6):1030-1034.
54.朱林,张春兰,沈其荣.施用稻草等有机物料对黄瓜连作土壤pH、EC值和微生物的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报.2001,28(4):350-353.
55.朱红霞,姚贤良.有机物料对水稻土某些物理性质的影响[J].土壤,1996,28(1):38-41.
56.朱林,张春兰,沈其荣,等.施用稻草等有机物料对连作黄瓜根系活力、硝酸还原酶、ATP酶活力的影响[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(1):17-19.
57.廖万有。我国茶园土壤的酸化及防治[J].农业环境保护,1998,17(4):178-180.
58.Bevaopua R f,Mellano V J.Cumulative effects of sludge compost on crop yields and soil properties[J].Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal.1994(25):395-406.
59.Bevaopua R f,Mellano V J.Cumulative effects of sludge compost on crop yields and soil properties[J].Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal.1994(25):395-406.
60.Breland T A,Hansen S.Nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass as affected by soil compaction.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1996(4):655-663.
61.Chery A P,Catherine N G,Robert J D,et al.Organic inputs for soil fertility management in tropical agroecosystems:application of an organic resource database[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2001(83):27-42.
62.Delgado JA,Follett 1LI,Shaffer MJ.2000.Simulation of NO3-N dynamics for cropping systems with different rooting depths.Soil Sci Soc A m J,64:1050-1054
63.Doran J.Building soil quality In proceedings of the 1995 Consservation Workshop on Opportunities and Challenges in Sustainable Agriculture[J].Development Branch,1995,151-158.
64.Drinkwater L E,Wagoner P,Sarrantonio M.Legumebased cropping systems have reduced carbon and nitrogen losses[J].Nature 1998(396):262-265.
65.Drinkwater LE,Letoumeau D K,Wonkneh,F,et al.Fundamental differences between conventional and organic tomato agroecosystems in Califsorsmia[J].Ecol.Appl 1995,(5):1098-1112.
66.Eltun R.Comparisons of nitrogen leaching in ecological and conventional cropping systems[J].Nitogen Leaching in Ecological Agriculture,1995:103-114.
67.Gray D,Mary K T,Julie E J.Interactions between crop residue and soil organic matter quality and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002(34):1073-1082.
68.Gunapala N,Scowd K.Dynamics of soil microbial Biomass and activity in conventional and activity in conventional and organic farming systems[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1998,(30):805-816.
69.Haynes R J.Labile organic matter as an indicator of organic matter quality in arable and pastoral soil in New Zealand[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2000,(32):211-219.
70.McBride M B,Spiers G.Trace element content of selected fertiliTers and dairy manures as determined by ICP-MS[J].Commun.Soil Sci.Plant Anal,2001:32(1&2),139-156.
71.Mum K J,Evans J,Chalk P M,et al.Mineralization of soil and legume nitrogen in soils treated with metal-contanminated Sewage sludge[J].Soil Biology &Biochemistry,2000(32):2031-2043.
72.Rainer G J.Ergosterol and microbial biomass in the rhizosphere of grassland.Soil[J].Biology & Biochemistry,2000(32):647-652.
73.Rainer G J.Ergosterol and microbial biomass in the rhizosphere of grassland.Soil[J].Biology & Biochemistry,2000(32):647-652.
74.Sorensen J N.Use of the Nmin method for optimization of vegetable nitrogen nutrition.Acta Hort,1993,339:79-192
75.Workneh F V,Bruggen A H.Suppression of corky root of to tomatoes in soils fi'om organic farms associated with soil microbial activity and nitrogen status of soil and tomato tissue[J].Phytopathology.2002(84):688-694.
76.You,M P,Sivasithamparam K Kurtboke,et al.Actinomycetes in organic mulch used in avocado plantaions and their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi.Biol[J].Fertil.Soils 1996,22:237-242.
77.Younie D,Watson C A.Soil nitrate-N levels in organically and intensively managed grassland systems[J].Aspects Appl,1992,30:235-238.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |